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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Etymological confusion in Japanese terms for the testis: past and present].

In Japan, two scientific words are used for the testis, SEISO and KOGAN. SEISO is the word accepted by most of the bioscience societies and etymologically means the nest of sperms. KOGAN, is a word of Chinese origin and mainly used by urologists. Its etymologic meaning is unclear. About one to two hundreds years ago, many classical Japanese books of medicine used EKIGAN the Chinese character of which is quite similar to KOGAN, and which etymologically was described as "pleasure balls of man" by a contemporary anatomist in Japan, although I presume it was intended to mean "a couple of balls, side by side". In order to avoid terminologic confusion, SEISO, the standard word used in many academic fields, is recommended for universal use not only in scientific papers but in daily language in Japan.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ophthalmic etymology.

The foregoing selection of terms is but a small component of our expansive current ophthalmic vocabulary. It serves, nonetheless, as an interesting example of the role played by other languages in the formation of today's ophthalmic lexicon. To the credit of our medical forefathers and their creativity, an awareness of the etymologic basis of the words which we used daily in ophthalmology can be both entertaining and enlightening.

Ophthalmology↗
PubMed2003

Cancrum oris and noma: some etymological and historical remarks.

Necrotising ulcerative stomatitis is used in the International Statistical Classification of the WHO for orofacial gangrene in children, that is known in medical literature as cancrum oris or noma. The many historical synonyms for this disease together with other historical data indicate that orofacial gangrene in children was a common affection in Europe in previous centuries. The etymological and historical backgrounds of the names "noma" and "cancrum oris" indicate that "cancrum oris" is based on the incorrect use of the Latin term "cancer oris" and maybe on tradition, for which reasons the use of "noma" as medical term for necrotising ulcerative stomatitis should be preferred.

Child↗
PubMed2003

The endophenotype concept in psychiatry: etymology and strategic intentions.

Endophenotypes, measurable components unseen by the unaided eye along the pathway between disease and distal genotype, have emerged as an important concept in the study of complex neuropsychiatric diseases. An endophenotype may be neurophysiological, biochemical, endocrinological, neuroanatomical, cognitive, or neuropsychological (including configured self-report data) in nature. Endophenotypes represent simpler clues to genetic underpinnings than the disease syndrome itself, promoting the view that psychiatric diagnoses can be decomposed or deconstructed, which can result in more straightforward-and successful-genetic analysis. However, to be most useful, endophenotypes for psychiatric disorders must meet certain criteria, including association with a candidate gene or gene region, heritability that is inferred from relative risk for the disorder in relatives, and disease association parameters. In addition to furthering genetic analysis, endophenotypes can clarify classification and diagnosis and foster the development of animal models. The authors discuss the etymology and strategy behind the use of endophenotypes in neuropsychiatric research and, more generally, in research on other diseases with complex genetics.

Disease Models, Animal↗
PubMed1984

Etymologic evolution of emergency paging euphemisms.

Emergency paging euphemisms such as "code call," "blue 100," or "Dr. Ambu" have the potential to become part of the technical vocabulary of medicine through the human tendency to use words creatively; yet this process may occur with considerable diversity of intended meaning, and a loss of precision in speech or thought may result. This study demonstrates that the informal verbification and further etymologic evolution of a paging euphemism at one medical center has resulted in words which mean different things to different users and listeners.

Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems↗
PubMed2000

The roots of toxicology: an etymology approach.

We investigated the roots of toxicology and showed the Greek origin of the word. A number of selected ancient Greek and Byzantine works show the etymology and meaning of the adjective "toxic" or "toxical" as the first composition of "toxicology". Even from early antiquity "toxic" or "toxical" have been connected with substances which cause death, a meaning which has prevailed through the ages.

Byzantium↗
PubMed2000

[Colloquial terminology in German depicting mentally ill and odd people. Etymologic-sociolinguistic review].

OBJECTIVE: This paper investigates the picture of the mentally ill in German colloquial language. METHOD: The empirically collected single words and phrases were subject to systematic semantical, linguo-historical as well as etymological investigations, the results of which were then contrasted with selected psychiatric concepts of the 18th/19th century. RESULTS: Most of the words found aim at the head or brain which are often compared with a mechanism and regarded as the actual starting point of the disease. Other terms refer to blows or other mechanical impressions as the cause of mental illnesses. There is another group of words depicting weakness or even total loss of mind. Some of the ideas expressed by the words or structures analysed coincide with concepts psychiatrists had in the past. Many of the words even had been terms in psychiatric theory before they became part of the everyday language after having been loaded with negative connotative meanings making them inappropriate for being a scientific term. Some lexemes have been taken over from other languages, above all from English. CONCLUSION: Language mirrors stigmatisation of mentally ill people by society in an extraordinarily drastic way. Thus the colloquial names for them share the same fate as the words for other--ethnic, sexual, whatsoever--minorities: by pure means of language those people are regarded as somewhat strange, not belonging, something negative one does not wish to have contact with. On the other hand however, there have always been attempts to counter this by replacing negatively connotated words by other, neutral or even positive ones. Thus was the introduction of the new word nervenkrank ("ill in the nerves", cf English brainsick) in the 19th century, making mentally ill people even to bodily ill ones, what meant an enormous enhancement in value for both the patients and the psychiatrists. Today's name Betroffene ("affect-ed") is another example for those attempts. As can be seen from the historical retrospective this had been the case in former times as well.

Germany↗
PubMed2001

[New study on the history of anesthesiology (8)--Etymological consideration on a Japanese word "Masui"].

The author briefly describes etymology of a Japanese word "Masui" ([symbol: see text]) and discusses why this word has not been correctly understood by lay people as well as Japanese anesthesiologists. The word "Masui" was coined by Seikei Sugita in 1850 when he translated Dutch edition of Schelesinger's monograph on ether anesthesia into Japanese. Therefore the word is not of Chinese origin and has subsequently been exported to China and the countries of Korean peninsula. Although half a century has elapsed since the first Department of Anesthesiology was established at the Tokyo University Faculty of Medicine, social acceptance for our specialty has not adequately and widely been achieved. The author thinks that one of the causes for this inadequate acceptance is that the correct Japanese words of "Masuika-gaku" and "Masuika-i" for Anesthesiology and Anesthesiologists were not coined and the incorrect words as "Masuigaku" and "Masui-i" have been used. Not a small number of Japanese anesthesiologists still employ the words "Masuigaku" and "Masui-i" without any special reasons.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed2001

[Etymology of ginger].

The English term ginger originates from Sanskrit sringavera (sringam=horn+vera=body), which was transformed to Latin gingiber and to Old French gingibre, which resulted in ginger in English. The German Ingwer was derived from the same origin, but lost its front sound. The Chinese and Japanese terms for ginger are briefly discussed. And the etymology of the related words gingerbread and ginger ale are also mentioned.

Zingiber officinale↗
PubMed2001

[Etymology of clove].

A very brief history of clove in Europe and Indonesia with particular reference to Dutch monopoly of clove in the spice islands, the Moluccas, is presented. The etymology of clove originates from the Greek word karuóphullon (káruon=nut+phúllon=leaf) and the Latin word caryophyllon, which were transformed to clou de girofle in Old French and clow of gilofer in Middle English. Further modification resulted in a separation into clove and gilly-flower.

Commerce↗