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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Ethnology as a play: a comparison of two schools of thought at the turn of the century.

The methods and theories of science are in a state of constant flux. With the perimeters of science changing so does the subject of inquiry. Ethnology, a relatively young science underwent a drastic change at the turn of the century as unillineal evolutionism of the preceding century became obsolete and gave away to diffusionism. In this paper I want to outline briefly the development of two institutes of cultural anthropology--at the University of California at Berkeley and the University of Vienna--at the turn of the century. It is not surprising that synchronous with this paradigmatic shift in ethnological inquiry the two institutes examined here found themselves in a time of great social as well as cultural upheaval. I took on the task of writing a kind of meta-ethnology, an inquiry into the socio-political and cultural forces that shape a scientific dogma, which in turn can and did change society. For my reader's as well as for my own benefit I used the metaphor of a "play" in describing such a complex process.

Anthropology, Cultural↗
PubMed1986

Polychlorinated biphenyls in the electrical machinery industry: an ethnological study of community action and corporate responsibility.

Environmental and occupational health problems cannot be understood through purely medical and epidemiological analyses, the social forces affecting biologically adaptive behavior must also be analyzed. Research on the political economy of health needs to generate an ethnology of community action relevant to the analyses of corporate structures for which it is best known. In studying the community of Pittsfield, Mass., where a General Electric plant is located, we encountered environmental and occupational health problems in just this context. This essay is, therefore, an effort to extend the political economy of health into the ethnological domain of community research.

Community Participation↗
PubMed1994

Ethnological studies of medical sciences.

A broad overview of ethnological (anthropological) methods and theory is presented historically and conceptually. Medical sciences are assumed to be socially produced and reproduced, and a cross-cultural perspectives helps us view them more objectively. Discussion is organized in a framework of general systems theory, and illustrated primarily from recent literature on childbirth. Linkages and communication between different levels of systems: patient, profession, society and ecology, focus on interaction between levels, much of which is ritualized and political.

Communication↗
PubMed1977

[Hematology, genetics and ethnology (author's transl)].

The concept of geographical haematology described by Jean Bernard in 1965-1966, found a remarkable application field in Anthropology. The human ecology which allows to measure the influence of environmental factors in man through some haematological variations, has been added to the genetics of human populations, revealed by the blood groups discovery. It has been now demonstrated that, in man, cultural or sociological features can act a genetical isolation more effective that natural boundaries. So, an ethnological haematology is superimposed on the geographical haematology of which it can modify outlines.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1996

[Approach to foreigners--the contribution of ethnology to nursing].

The starting point of this analysis is the concept of "The stranger", as discussed in "transcultural nursing" in the USA and currently researched by cultural anthropologist. The aim is to designate common areas of interest between nursing sciences and cultural anthropology and between ethnological and nursing practice. It is pointed out that more space is needed in nursing theory and practice, for the discussion of the concept of "stranger" and that this should not be confined to the "exotic ethnic" stranger.

Anthropology, Cultural↗
PubMed1977

Franz Boas and his plans for an International School of American Archaeology and Ethnology in Mexico.

The expansionist policy of the United States at the turn of the century widened the horizons of American anthropology. The International School of American Archaeology and Ethnology was one of the first attempts by American anthropologists to carry out systematic research in foreign lands. Motivated partly by a wish to strengthen the quality of American anthropology, Franz Boas succeeded in gaining the cooperation of several European and American institutions. The purpose of the school was to conduct rigorous anthropological investigations in Mexico. Obsessed with professionalizing the discipline, Boas failed to take into account the turbulent political climate of Mexico when planning the school. Although it did good work for a number of years (1910-1914), the school was broken up forever in 1914 because of the Mexican revolution. Attempts at resurrection failed for numerous reasons.

Anthropology, Cultural↗
PubMed1986

A morphological comparison of the foramen magnum of the male Middle Kyushuites with that of other ethnological groups.

The foramen magnum of the male Middle Kyushuites was examined by both osteoscopic and osteometric methods. In the osteoscopic study, the two-semicircular shape was the most numerous as in the case of the adult Germans. The breadth and the index of the foramen magnum did not show any significant differences between the male Middle Kyushuites and the other ethnological groups, while the length of the foramen magnum was shorter than that of the others with a statistical significance. The mean length of the foramen magnum of the Kikai-islanders was the longest among the Japanese.

Adult↗