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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

The dysarthrias of Shy-Drager syndrome.

Shy-Drager syndrome is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system that may include among its signs some form of dysarthria. Of 80 patients with Shy-Drager syndrome, 35 presented some form of dysarthria. Of these, 15 presented dysarthria indicative of cerebellar dysfunction, 11 with dysarthria indicating involvement of the striatum, and nine with various mixed dysarthrias indicative of multiple motor system involvement. The results of this study reaffirm the value of assessing motor speech in the differential diagnosis of neuromotor impairments and emphasize the importance of maintaining effective modes of communication for patients having progressive disorders.

Central Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1992

[Slowly progressive dysarthria and impaired language function--a case report].

A 68-year-old right-handed woman was admitted to Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital because of slowly progressive dysarthria and writing disability over 2-year period. On admission, severe dysarthria was observed, but no dysphagia. The dysarthria mostly resembled a type of pseudobulbar palsy, although it was associated with effortful speech production. An oro-facial apraxia was also found. She could name objects, and could understand spoken words correctly. Examination using the Western Aphasia Battery showed diminution of word fluency, impaired repetition and perseveration and writing errors. On the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-R verbal IQ was 100 and performance IQ was 87. These scores did not suggest any significant degree of general intellectual deterioration. Wisconsin card sorting test disclosed mild frontal dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging showed cortical atrophy in the bilateral frontal and temporal lobes. Measurements of regional cerebral metabolic rate by 18F-FDG-PET demonstrated decreased uptake in the latero-dorso-inferior area of the bilateral frontal lobes, especially on the left side. The present case showed slowly progressive dysarthria and progressive aphasia without generalized dementia, and without typical aphasia. These symptoms are speculated to be related to the atrophy in the bilateral frontal and temporal lobes shown by MRI and the decreased metabolic rate in the left dominant bilateral frontal lobes on PET study. The pathologic process responsible for these lesions remains obscure.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Acoustic characteristics of dysarthria associated with cerebellar disease.

The speech of five individuals with cerebellar disease and ataxic dysarthria was studied with acoustic analyses of CVC words, words of varying syllabic structure (stem, stem plus suffix, stem plus two suffixes), simple sentences, the Rainbow Passage, and conversation. The most consistent and marked abnormalities observed in spectrograms were alterations of the normal timing pattern, with prolongation of a variety of segments and a tendency toward equalized syllable durations. Vowel formant structure in the CVC words was judged to be essentially normal except for transitional segments. The greater the severity of the dysarthria, the greater the number of segments lengthened and the degree of lengthening of individual segments. The ataxic subjects were inconsistent in durational adjustments of the stem syllable as the number of syllables in a word was varied and generally made smaller reductions than normal subjects as suffixes were added. Disturbances of syllable timing frequently were accompanied by abnormal contours of fundamental frequency, particularly monotone and syllable-falling patterns. These dysprosodic aspects of ataxic dysarthria are discussed in relation to cerebellar function in motor control.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Paroxysmal ataxic dysarthria.

This report reviews 13 cases in which a dysarthria appeared, remitted, and reappeared within seconds. The speech pattern of each case was characteristic of ataxic dysarthria. A cinefluorographic film for one of the subjects provided a rare opportunity to study the articulatory dynamics of this disorder. Multiple sclerosis either was given as a diagnosis or was strongly suspected in each case, and carbamazepine has been an effective treatment. Speculations concerning the origin of the paroxysmal and ataxic character of the dysarthria are presented along with a preliminary checklist for identifying the disorder.

Acoustics↗
PubMed1977

[Cerebellar dysarthria (author's transl)].

Dysarthria due to involvement of the cerebellum represents a facultative symptom of cerebellar disease. The mechanisms by which such dysarthrias are produced are unknown but may result from pathologic involvement of the entire cerebellum. The symptoms of cerebellar dysarthria in children and in adults are described in two case histories. Characteristic speech defects or dysarthrophony occur. In addition to speech pathology, computer tomography of the skull is useful in obtaining both differential diagnosis and an estimate of prognosis. The goal of treatment should be the improvement of muscle defects of tonus and coordination needed for speech, and can employ both physio- and ergotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Dysarthria--clumsy hand syndrome produced by capsular infarct.

A 64-year-old hypertensive man presented with the dysarthria--clumsy hand syndrome, manifested by dysarthria, dysphagia, central facial weakness, deviation of the tongue on protrusion, incoordination of the affected hand, and mild imbalance on walking. A computed tomograpphic scan demonstrated a resolving acute infarction in the vicinity of the genu of the internal capsule.

Deglutition Disorders↗
PubMed1979

Hyperkinetic dysarthria as an early indicator of impending tardive dyskinesia.

Tardive dyskinesia is a potentially irreversible disturbance of the central nervous system that is associated with the chronic ingestion of neuroleptic medications. Abnormal movements within the oral musculature are characteristic of tardive dyskinesia and are manifested in motor speech production as hyperkinetic dysarthria. Early detection of hyperkinetic dysarthria in patients who have chronically ingested neuroleptic agents may play a critical role in preventing an irreversible condition of tardive dyskinesia.

Dysarthria↗
PubMed1992

Dysarthria associated with focal unilateral upper motor neuron lesion.

Speech motor changes in six patients with focal unilateral upper motor neuron (UUMN) lesions were characterised using a variety of techniques including listener judgements, speech acoustic analyses, electromyographic and strength measures. Listener judgements of speech understand-ability, intelligibility and dysarthric features indicated mild dysarthria. Diadochokinesis, electromyographic and strength measures corroborated these observations. The findings of this study delineate the characteristics of the dysarthria associated with unilateral upper motor neuron lesions and have important implications for identifying potential upper motor neuron components of other neurogenic disorders of speech and language.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

[Paroxysmal attacks of dysarthria and ataxia in multiple sclerosis].

A description of 2 cases of disseminated sclerosis during exacerbations and paroxysms of dysarthria and ataxia in the clinical picture is given. These attacks are connected with processes of demyelinization and are differentiated with epilepsy. On the basis of neurophysiological studies the mechanisms of paroxysmal dysarthria and ataxia are discussed. The attacks were arrested under the influence of carbamazepine. The action of the drug is explained by its manifold properties.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Acceleration and weakness in parkinsonian dysarthria.

This report presents some of the underlying neuromuscular mechanisms of dysarthric speech production as they are manifested in selected individuals with parkinsonism. Earlier explanations of parkinsonian dysarthria emphasized that the balanced hypertonus of rigidity formed the basis of reduced range of movements in speech. The present data reveal two problems in the neuromuscular control signals that can result in a reduced range of speech movements in the absence of rigidity. These neuromuscular problems are described as acceleration and weakness. The implication of these findings for the evaluation and treatment of parkinsonian dysarthria is discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Intelligibility in acquired dysarthria--a neuro-phonetic approach: three case studies.

A descriptive framework of phonetic parameters for the assessment of dysarthric speech is presented. The phonetic parameters examined are based on a linguistic analysis of aspects of continuous speech. The assessment thus evaluates the functional efficiency of the speech producing mechanisms in encoding the spoken medium of language. The interaction of the deviant parameters is related to the breakdown of intelligibility. Possible underlying neurological correlates are discussed. The implications for therapy using the combined phonetic and neurological information are considered. This assessment procedure is illustrated with case studies of three types of acquired dysarthria.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Treatment of dysarthria: a case report.

There is little information available to the speech clinician on management of dysarthria. This article presents the rationale, procedural outline, and results of an approach to communication training for one dysarthic subject in view of suggestions made by Darley et al. (1975).

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Effects of cerebellar lesions on monkey jaw-force control: implications for understanding ataxic dysarthria.

Eight macaques were trained on one of two isometric force regulation tasks. Six animals were trained to maintain a static force for a 2-sec period, and two animals were trained to make a rapid series of bites on a force transducer four times in succession. Electromyographic (EMG) electrodes were chronically implanted into temporalis and masseter muscles. Lesions were made in the cerebellum in seven monkeys and a control surgery with no neural damage was performed on one monkey. Following cerebellar lesions, the abilities of the monkeys to maintain a static isometric force for 2 sec were impaired. Animals overshot the correct force band and force tremors increased in amplitude following the lesions. Cerebellar lesions were followed also by a reduction in biting frequency from about 3 Hz to 2 Hz. Measurements of the temporalis EMG indicated that the reduced biting rate was associated primarily with a prolongation of the inter-EMG interval and secondarily with a prolongation of the EMG duration. Changes in jaw-force regulation following the lesions appear to be similar to the types of changes observed in arm control in monkeys, and in the speech of persons with ataxic dysarthria.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1992

The effects of speech and language therapy for a case of dysarthria associated with Parkinson's disease.

We report the results of a single-subject multiple baseline across behaviours experiment of a 74-year-old woman presenting with Parkinson's disease. Her speech was typical of a hypokinetic dysarthria. The main features of her dysarthric speech were: a restriction in the modulation of fundamental frequency, an inappropriate pitch level and a rate disturbance. Three measures of prosody were operationally defined as follows: (1) linguistic modulation of fundamental frequency, (2) mean fundamental frequency and (3) rate. Treatment focused on ameliorating these aspects employing a multiple baseline design. Measures during and post-therapy documented improvement for each of these three aspects of prosody. Independent judges were also more capable of understanding her speech and her speech prosody after therapy. Upon follow-up measures 10 weeks later, most of the improvement was maintained.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Dysarthria in adults: physiologic approach to rehabilitation.

A case study is used to illustrate a physical approach to the speech rehabilitation of adults with dysarthria. The approach emphasizes the component-by-component analysis of the peripheral speech mechanism, where the selection and sequencing of treatment procedures follow directly from the physiologic nature and severity of involvement in each component. The selection and sequencing of procedures also are conditioned by the inherent physical interdependencies of these component parts. Several biofeedback procedures of our own are incorporated that have not been reported previously. The case illustration is of a young man injured in an auto accident whose speech intelligibility improves from approximately 5-10% to 95% during the rehabilitation period. Effects of treatment upon individual components of the speech mechanism are illustrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Phonemic behavior of aphasic subjects without dysarthria or apraxia of speech.

Thirty adult aphasic subjects without apraxia of speech or dysarthria were tested for their ability to produce phonemes in single test words and in spontaneous contextual speech. Results indicated that 75% of the total phonemic errors were due to a whole-word phenomenon apparently associated with faulty processing of the word rather than faulty production of the phoneme. True phonemic errors comprised 25% of the total errors or about 2% of all responses. Phoneme substitutions were by far the most frequent error (61%). Of the 30 subjects, 28 made no phonemic errors in spontaneous contextual speech. Aphasic behavior is not characterized by significant breakdown of articulatory performance. Observed patterns of error do not clearly support a phonemic regression hypothesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Oscillographic speech recording as a method of differential diagnosis of different forms of dysarthria].

In order to differentiate paralytic, cerebellar and extrapyramidal forms of dysarthria the authors used the method of oscillography of speech in 20 normal and 30 patients. It was established that as differential diagnostical oscillographic criteria such phenomena as disorders of articulation, the latent period, role of speech, duration in the pronounciation of separate elements of speech, the correlation of the duration of words and pauses, amplitude of fluctuations and "oscillogrpahic intonation" of speech can be used.

Basal Ganglia Diseases↗
PubMed1977

[Applied phoniatry. VI. The dysarthria and aphasia syndromes as a result of cranial nerve palsies (author's transl)].

Dysarthria and aphasia represent primary symptoms of cerebral nerve dysfunction, and may particularly involve the facial and the hypoglossal nerves. In order for management to be effective, careful examination of the muscular functions of the oral cavity is required, with particular emphasis placed on the movements of the tongue and velum. Such evaluation, which utilizes both neuropsychologic and linguistic determinations, permit an accurate differentiation of the possible causes of aphasia to be made. During the evaluation, both verbal and non-verbal responses by the patient are included for proper diagnosis and therapy. Of great value in obtaining an accurate differential diagnosis is the exclusion of disturbances of hearing or buccofacial apraxia.

Adult↗