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Results for “Dominance-Subordination”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2025

Social status in zebrafish modulates the behavioral response to 5-HT2C receptor agonists and antagonists.

The effects of previous social experiences on social behavior have been demonstrated across species both in cooperative and competitive contexts. In dominance-subordinate hierarchies, differences across social ranks have been observed in many different mechanisms. Dominance hierarchies interfere in defensive behavior, where subordinate animals present a greater defensive behavior, regarding potential threats ("anxiety-like behavior"), than dominant animals. The serotonergic system plays a key role in regulating and mediating threat responses, including 5-HT2 receptors in the types of proximal threat responses modulated by the stress of social defeat. We separated 148 adult zebrafish in pairs and allowed them to interact for five days; after that, the dominant-subordinate rank was determined, and animals were treated with a 5-HT2C receptor agonist (MK-212) or antagonist (RS-102221) before being observed in the novel tank test. While MK-212 increased bottom-dwelling, erratic swimming, and freezing across all statuses, RS-102221 decreased these variables in dominants but increased them in subordinates. Moreover, the effects of MK-212 were larger in subordinates than in controls or dominants, suggesting a sensitization of the 5-HT2C receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Body tactile stimulation intensifies appeasement behavior in a cichlid fish.

Social touch, provided by body tactile stimulation (TS), is known to trigger appeasement behavior and social stability in mammals. Recent studies have shown that TS also plays a role in regulating social interactions in fish by reducing aggression between individuals. While this effect may stem from decreased aggression in dominants, the potential contribution of increased appeasement behavior in subordinates has been overlooked. Here, we investigated whether TS facilitates the onset of appeasement behavior in the cichlid fish Geophagus iporangensis, a species that exhibits clear dominance-subordination relationships. Isolated individuals were assigned to one of two treatments, either with TS (provided by plastic sticks lined with silicone bristles) or without it for 21 days. Then, each fish was paired with a socially experienced dominant individual to enable rapid hierarchy resolution. Initial appeasement scores did not differ between treatments. However, individuals who experienced TS exhibited significantly higher appeasement scores during the final 5 min of the contest than the control group. Additionally, fish under TS showed an increase in the appeasement score after 10 min of agonistic interaction, while it did not change in the treatment without TS. Overall, this study provides the first evidence that TS can mitigate aggressive interactions by intensifying subordinates' appeasement behavior, thereby affecting social dynamics similarly to mammals.

aggression↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sexual and aggressive behaviour in social groups of talapoin monkeys.

In social groups not all monkeys are equal, in terms of either their behaviour or their endocrine status. When a dominant monkey is compared with one that is subordinate the level of sexual behaviour is high in the dominant and low in the subordinate monkey, while levels of aggression received follow an inverse pattern. Attention in terms of visual monitoring is primarily focused on the dominant animal even when overt aggression is extremely low. Cortisol and prolactin concentrations tend to be higher in subordinate monkeys while only the dominant male shows elevated testosterone levels during group interactions with attractive females. A question of some importance is whether these differences in endocrine status are a determinant of the differences in behaviour or whether they reflect the behaviour and, if the latter, to what purpose. Recent attempts to answer this problem have focused on the hypothalmo-pituitary axis in order to examine whether differences in behaviour between dominant and subordinate monkeys are reflected in differences in its responsiveness to endocrine changes.

Aggression↗
PubMed1979

Mother-infant separation in group-living rhesus macaques: a hormonal analysis.

Adrenocortical responsiveness to separation in group-living rhesus macaque mother-infant pairs was determined. Cortisol evaluations were complemented by behavioral observations of mother-infant interactions and group social behavior. Infants, but not their mothers, showed cortisol elevations that could be attributed specifically to separation. Steroid-behavior relationships suggested that the infants of high dominant mothers evinced the greatest adrenocortical response to separation. These data exemplify the complexities involved in determining endocrine/behavior relationships in a group-living situation.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The causation of two scent-marking behaviour patterns in female hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus).

Social, olfactory, and oestrous cycle influences on the frequency of flank-marking and vaginal marking were studied in female hamsters. Vaginal marking was more frequent in the presence of males or their odours than females or their odours. Vaginal marking frequency was greatest the day before oestrus (day 4), intermediate on days 2 and 3, and zero on the oestrous day. The probable sexual advertisement functions of vaginal marking were discussed. In contrast, flank-marking by females was stimulated more by other female odours than by male odours. The frequency of flank-marking was elevated by agonistic encounters and was reduced by sexual encounters. Flank-marking seems to have functions related to functions of aggression among hamsters.

Aggression↗
PubMed1978

Aggression increase and water competition decrease in squirrel monkeys given physostigmine injections.

Six adult squirrel monkeys (Samiri sciureus) were tested in pairs for social dominance in a water competition task. Dominance was defined by two methods: (1) number and direction of aggressive responses, and (2) successful water competition as assessed by latency to the water bottle, latency to accumulate 15 seconds of drinking, and total drinking duration. Monkeys were assigned to pairs on a "round robin" basis so that each monkey was paired with all other monkeys under control, saline, and three levels of physostigmine sulfate (6.25, 12.5, and 25.0 microgram/kg). Under drug conditions only one member of each pair was drugged. The 12.5 microgram/kg dose of physostigmine resulted in a significant increase in aggressive responses. Both drinking duration and general motor activity decreased with increasing dose level of drug. It was also noted that the non-drugged partners of drugged monkeys accumulated 15 seconds of drinking faster and drank more at the 25 and 12.5 microgram/kg dose levels than under control and saline conditions. Physostigmine resulted in an increase in one measure of social dominance and a decrease in the other.

Aggression↗