Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Divorce”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Ecological determinants of divorce: a structural approach to the explanation of Japanese divorce.

This paper examines the ecological determinants of contemporary Japanese divorce rates on the prefectural level. LISREL and computer-generated graphics are the analytic methods used. The aggregate level of analysis demands the use of the ecological model which posits that demographic changes, economic activities, migration patterns, and the level of urbanization are significant predictors of divorce rate. Our analysis demonstrates that sex ratio, female labor force participation, female in-migration patterns, population increase, and net household income all play a significant role in affecting the divorce rate. Our findings also confirm the well-supported hypothesis that both population density and modernization positively influence modern Japan's divorce rates. The residual analysis also points out that in order to account for the large proportion of the unexplained variance of Japanese divorce, behavioral-related variables and island- or prefecture-specific dimensions need to be included in the ecological model of divorce.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Life after divorce--a five-year follow-up study of divorced middle-aged men in Sweden.

Twenty-seven men, between 35 and 49 years of age, were asked via a questionnaire for information about their life circumstances (housing and working conditions, economic situation), actual symptoms, perceived health and health-related behaviour 5 years after they had divorced. The information was compared to corresponding data from an earlier study carried out within 7 months after the legal divorce. Housing conditions and personal economy had improved and working conditions were still satisfactory. Perceptions of health were more positive and in particular earlier, frequently recorded psychological symptoms (uneasiness, anxiety, depression) had diminished. Alcohol and smoking habits remained unchanged and common, especially among manual workers with more than one divorce. Men living in a stable relationship with a new partner or who had custody of children had fewer social and medical problems than men living alone. These findings support the connection between social support and health.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Divorce counseling: a community service for families in the midst of divorce.

A conceptual framework for the development of child-centered, preventive clinical services for divorcing families is presented. The structure and components of an intervention service--including treatment strategies, successful interventions, failures, therapist role, transference and countertransference responses, and professional dilemmas--are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Divorce and psychological stress.

While research on adjustment to divorce has been extensive, the paucity of studies assessing stress before and after divorce has kept the relation between psychological stress and martial dissolution unclear. Conflicting findings cast some doubt on the utility of using a crisis model to study divorce. Analysis of three-wave panel data from a national sample of persons married in 1980 indicates that the crisis model is appropriate for understanding adjustment to divorce. Comparisons of divorced persons with married persons show a predivorce rise in stress which then returns to levels comparable to those reported by married individuals. No evidence was found supporting the idea that a high level of psychological stress is a general cause of divorce or that dissolution resulted in more or less permanent elevation of psychological stress. Findings support the hypothesis that predivorce resources and outlooks influence the amount of stress experienced in the two years immediately following divorce. Below median family incomes, no post-high school experience, and wife not in the labor force put divorcing individuals at a disadvantage. Individuals reporting few premarital troubles and beliefs in the immorality of divorce also appear to experience heightened stress in the two years following divorce.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Divorce therapy: an in-depth survey of therapists' views.

In-depth interviews were conducted with 21 highly experienced therapists on the criteria of a constructive divorce, the obstacles to achieving such a divorce, and the strategies and tactics of divorce therapy. The primary criterion of a constructive divorce was the successful completion of the process of psychic separation and the protection of the welfare of minor children. Therapy may focus on the decision to get divorced and/or the negotiation of the terms of a divorce settlement. Three types of therapeutic strategies were identified: reflexive intervention by which the therapist orients himself to the marital problems and attempts to gain the trust and confidence of the partners; contextual interventions by which he tries to promote a climate conducive to decision-making; and substantive interventions intended to produce resolution on terms the therapist has come to believe are inevitable or necessary. The nascent state of divorce therapy as an area of therapeutic specialization is noted. The problem of diagnostic criteria for divorce, the relationship between therapists and lawyers, the nature and consequence of therapist impartiality, and the degree to which therapists should mediate the terms of divorce are considered central issues meriting further study.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1992

Is parental divorce a critical stressor for young adolescents? Grade point average as a case in point.

Previous studies have shown parental divorce to be associated with poor functioning of children and adolescents. Almost all of the studies attempting to delineate these effects, and to shed light on the differences between boys and girls, have limited data collection to postdivorce. This practice has left a void in the picture of divorce--specifically in the area of predivorce effects. The purpose of the present study was to examine academic functioning of young adolescents with respect to both pre- and postdivorce effects. Fifty-eight young adolescents (29 from families which subsequently divorced and 29 from families which remained intact) were studied. Results indicated that boys from subsequently divorcing homes had significantly poorer academic functioning prior to their parents' divorce than did boys whose families remained intact and girls whose parents divorced. Differentially, girls from subsequently divorcing families showed a decline in academic functioning which began prior to divorce and continued beyond the time of divorce. Possible explanations for these gender differences are explored, and the importance of examining predivorce effects is addressed.

Achievement↗
PubMed1979

[How long does suicide threaten divorced people?].

The interval between divorce and suicide in 66 divorced men and 42 divorced women was compared with the interval between divorce and death from other causes in a control group of 87 divorced men and 93 divorced women. The interval between divorce and death was shorter on average for the suicide group than for the control group. Among men, the risk for suicide was especially great in the first half year after divorce.

Death↗
PubMed1991

Parental divorce as a factor in children's perception of human relationships: an analysis of human movement responses in the Rorschach test.

The subjects were 108 Swedish children between 10 and 12 years old, who constituted a divorce and a non-divorce group of 27 girls and 27 boys each. Rorschach Tests were administered individually and human movement responses were analysed. Non-divorce children perceived more cooperative and fewer hostile interactions than the divorce children. Responses containing figures engaged in hostile interaction were most common among divorce girls, whereas the divorce boys had difficulties in perceiving any interaction whatsoever. The different effect of parental divorce on the ability of girls and boys to develop satisfactory social relationships is discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1992

[Family therapy in divorce].

A multi-generational approach to family therapy with divorce families is presented. Parents and children of such families are faced--with special problems during the phases of ambivalence, divorce and post-divorce. Their problems require varying focal points during therapeutic treatment. It focuses on arriving at a decision, finding constructive solutions for practical and emotional problems caused by the divorce ("psychic divorce" and parental cooperation concerning custody and education of the children) as well as supporting individuation and re-orientations. The main aim of therapeutic treatment is to alter the underlying pathogenic patterns of relationships and conflict-solving in order to prevent its repetition in a new partnership or in the next generation. Family therapy with divorce families is complicated to a high degree by aggressiveness, destructivity and resistance against working on central conflicts which serve to avoid feelings of anxiety, shame, guilt, anger and mourning.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1979

The incidence of divorce within cohorts of American marriages contracted since the Civil War.

The proportion of marriages that end in divorce can be estimated from vital registration or from census data. The former source suggests considerably higher levels of divorce than does the latter. A new series, combinig the two sources, is presented for annual marriage cohorts back to 1867. Actual experience to 1970 is traced and a projection beyond that point is made for cohorts with incomplete divorce histories. The cohort divorce series moves steadily upwards and shows much less variability than an equivalent series of period divorce rates. Factors related to high divorce within a cohort are armed service mobilization and high unemployment rates in the year of marriage, and slow national economic growth between pre- and post-marital periods.

Divorce↗
PubMed1992

Divorce: different experiences of men and women.

Demographic variables, the reasons for the divorce, the changes as a consequence of the divorce and the differences between the sexes were studied among 157 Swedish-speaking spouses through interviews and assessments on visual analogue scales. The results showed that various conflicts were the main reason for the divorce in half of the families. Compared to men, women came significantly more often from broken homes, were the initiators of the divorce in most cases, and felt that the marriage had been dissatisfying for a significantly longer time period. Self-employed men were significantly overrepresented. The changes as a consequence of the divorce were significantly different for men and women in several areas, in most cases in favour of the women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The effects of divorce on children's adjustment. Review and implications.

Divorce has become one of the most frequent environmental stressors experienced by children. This article reviews present conceptualizations of children's adaptation to divorce. Most notably, researchers have moved away from the view that family structural variables, such as single-parent status, necessitate the development of psychopathology in children. In recent years, investigators have shifted their attention to events that accompany marital dissolution, rather than the event of divorce per se. Such process variables have been identified as more salient correlates of children's adjustment. Additionally, the article examines children's short- and long-term adjustment to divorce, specific problem areas that are common among children from divorced families, and directions for future investigations.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1975

California's experience with non-adversary divorce.

California's Family Law Act of 1969, effective January 1, 1970, instituted non-adversary proceedings for divorce, suggested a more equal division of community property and reduced the minimum waiting time for a final divorce decree. A rapid increase in the number of divorces granted in California followed. Analysis revealed that the 1969 Law did not lead to any real increase in marital dissolution among Californians or produce any significant changes in the characteristics of the population filing for divorce. What was seen were certain modifications in behavior on the part of divorcing persons to take advantage of the Law's new provisions.

California↗
PubMed1992

The relationship between cohabitation and divorce: selectivity or causal influence?

Recent evidence linking premarital cohabitation to high rates of divorce poses a complex theoretical and empirical puzzle. We develop hypotheses predicting that premarital cohabitation is selective of those who are prone to divorce as well as hypotheses predicting that the experience of premarital cohabitation produces attitudes and values which increase the probability of divorce. Using multiwave panel data from a recent cohort of young men and women in the United States, we specify and test models of these predictions. The results are consistent with hypotheses suggesting that cohabitation is selective of men and women who are less committed to marriage and more approving of divorce. The results also are consistent with the conclusion that cohabiting experiences significantly increase young people's acceptance of divorce.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Theory-based screening for prevention: focusing on mediating processes in children of divorce.

Prevention programs in mental health theoretically can benefit from selecting participants who have a greater likelihood of developing psychological problems because of their exposure to the putative mediators targeted for change in an intervention. Screening on mediators may increase statistical power to detect program effects, enhance the cost-effectiveness of intervention trials, and decrease the possibility of iatrogenic effects. The circumstances that optimize the strategy of screening on the basis of mediating variables are discussed, and data are presented to illustrate the development of a mediational selection strategy to identify families who might best benefit from a preventive intervention for children of divorce. In addition, we present evidence that adjustment problems for children experiencing a divorce, as with most mental health problems, are not the result of one specific factor, but are jointly determined by several mediating processes that occur subsequent to the divorce. The mediational selection strategy developed illustrates the utility of measuring a set of mediational processes central to conferring risk for mental health problems to children of divorce.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Stability and quality of life events and psychological symptomatology in children of divorce.

Studied the relations between postdivorce events and maladjustment of children of divorce using a two-dimensional model of events. One dimension concerned the stability of events and included whether they were increases, decreases, or the continuation of stable conditions. The second dimension was quality, and included whether they had a positive or negative valence. Two samples of children of divorce (ns = 142 and 64) ages 8-15 were studied. Children's overall maladjustment as reported by children and parents were the criterion variables. Scores were derived from a life events schedule for children of divorce to assess the occurrence and stability of positive and negative divorce-related events. The relations between event scores and maladjustment were different when children's self-reports and parent reports were used as criterion. In predicting children's self-reported maladjustment (a) stable positive events but not changes in positive events were related to lower maladjustment (b) increased negative events were related to higher maladjustment, and (c) change for the worse was related to higher maladjustment. In predicting parent reports of children's maladjustment, only the relations of the change for the worse score were replicated. Implications of the results for the design of preventive interventions and for the study of children in stressful situations are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗