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Results for “Distance Perception”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Distance perception in the spiny mouse Acomys cahirinus: vertical jumping.

Acomys cahirinus, a precocial muroid, that has shown precise jumping in the natural habitat, did not jump from 25 cm in a laboratory situation. To investigate this further, A. cahirinus were observed jumping from platforms at two different heights, onto different sized checkered substrates and from a visual cliff. Adult animals discriminated between platforms that were 6.4 cm and 25.4 cm above the substrate and between small and large checkered patterns on the floor. Most adult animals and neonates jumped down on the shallow side of the visual cliff. Animals developed individual patterns of jumping over a series of trials, with some jumping often, some rarely, and others jumping only from the low platform. Good distance perception was indicated when they did not jump from heights, and by their making appropriate postural adjustment when they did jump from heights and landed without mishap. Different spacing of trials indicated that height was a more effective stimulus for animals which had all four conditions on the same day, while floor pattern was more effective for animals with each of the four conditions on a separate day.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Scalar perceptions of distance in simple binocular configurations.

Under reduced viewing, a single visual object tends to appear about 2 m away. Gogel (1972) found that the far point in a binocular configuration of two points of light also tended to appear about 2 m away, while the near point was displaced toward the observer. Attempts to replicate this latter result with points of light, as well as with a large rectangle for the nearer object, proved generally successful. Under some conditions, however, the far point was perceived to be closer to the observer when seen with the near point than when seen alone or with the rectangle. This unexpected result suggests caution in assuming that the far object in such a configuration will always remain at a stable perceived distance.

Distance Perception↗
PubMed1976

Determinants of personal space in young children: perception of distance cues.

Two methods of assessing personal space in young children were examined in a group of 24 boys and 24 girls, aged 3 to 6 yr. When sex of peer figures and affect attributed to them were varied, 3-yr.-olds made distance-cue judgements based on affect but failed to use affect cues in structuring personal space. However, 4- to 6-yr.-olds readily perceived and used distance to communicate the affective quality of peer relations. On both measures, perception of distance cues increased with age. Only girls also used sex of figures as a social cue in depicting appropriate distances.

Affect↗
PubMed1992

Haptic perception of object distance in a single-strand vibratory web.

Can humans, like other animals, perceive distance by mechanical vibrations transmitted in a solid medium? In seven experiments, subjects perceived the distances from the hand of occluded metal disks attached to a taut nylon strand. Mechanical waves were initiated at the hand by the subject or at the disk by the experimenter. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 showed that perceived distance was linearly dependent on object distance with or without practice. The results of Experiments 3 and 4 revealed an inverse dependency of perceived distance on strand tension. In Experiment 5, a constant difference in perceived distance between vertical and horizontal strand manipulations was found. The results of Experiments 6 and 7 showed that distance was perceptible when the mechanical wave was not initiated by the subject. The informational basis for this haptic spatial ability was sought in the dynamics expressed by the one-dimensional wave equation, specifically, in the constants relating strand forces to strand motions.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Methadone maintenance: an assessment of potential fluctuations in behavior between doses.

Thirty methadone maintenance outpatients were measured 1 and 25 hours after ingestion of methadone on auditory threshold, distance perception, simple and differential reaction time, time perception, attention span, and short-term memory. The results revealed a small but statistically significant difference between the two tests for distance perception. In addition, treatment interacted with preparatory interval on differential reaction time and with sex on attention span.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Absolute and relative cues for the auditory perception of egocentric distance.

Three experiments were performed to examine the reverberation cue to egocentric auditory distance and to determine the extent to which such a cue could provide 'absolute', as contrasted with 'relative', information about distance. In experiment 1 independent groups of blindfolded observers (200 altogether) were presented with broadband noise from a speaker at one of five different distances (0.55 to 8 m) in a normal hard-walled room. Half of each group of observers were presented with the sound at 0 deg azimuth, followed (after a delay) by the identical sound at 90 deg azimuth. The order of presentation was reversed for the remaining observers. Perceived distance varied significantly as a function of the physical distance to the speaker, even for the first presentations. The change in the binaural information between the 0 deg and 90 deg presentations did not significantly modify the results. For both orientations, near distances were overestimated and far distances were underestimated. Experiment 2 and 3 were designed to evaluate how much prior auditory exposure to the laboratory environment was necessary. A 200 Hz square-wave signal was presented from one of three distances (1, 2, or 6 m) to observers who had either minimal room information or an exposure which included talking within the room. Perceived distance varied significantly with physical distance regardless to exposure condition.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1977

Stereopsis in toads.

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Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1975

Recalibration by pairing: a process of perceptual learning.

When two cues which normally agree in determining perceived depth are experimentally paired so that they designate discrepant values for the depth dimension, an opportunity is created for the recalibration or re-evaluation of the cues. Experiments which show recalibration of the oculomotor cues and recalibration of binocular disparity as a result of pairing these cues with other discrepant cues are reviewed. The locus of change is related to the relative dominance of different cues and the contribution of allocation of attention in determining dominance is discussed. Implications of recalibration by pairing for understanding ontogenetic development are considered. It is suggested that some cues may acquire their effectiveness as a consequence of pairing during development.

Cues↗
PubMed1992

Grouping based on phenomenal similarity of achromatic color.

It is widely acknowledged that a precondition for the perception of the world of objects and events is an early process of organization, and it has generally been assumed that such organization is based on the Gestalt laws of grouping. However, the stage at which such grouping occurs, whether early or late, is an empirical question. It is demonstrated in two experiments that grouping by similarity of neutral color is based not on similarity of absolute luminance at the level of the proximal stimulus, but on phenomenal similarity of lightness resulting from the achievement of lightness constancy. An alternative explanation of such grouping based on the equivalence of luminance ratios between elements and background is ruled out by appropriate control conditions.

Adult↗