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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Experimental allergic encephalitis: study of cellular immunity during disease suppression.

Administration in complete Freund's adjuvant of encephalitogenic protein (EP), derived from central nervous tissue to guinea pigs, regularly results in the development of experimental allergic encephalitis (EAE) which leads to the death of the animals. Administration of EP in incomplete Freund's adjuvant at an appropriate time will completely suppress the clinical development of disease. Results reported herein show that animals receiving suppressive injections of EP for 7 days show depression of lymphocyte DNA synthesis and macrophage migration inhibition, but not of skin reactivity, in response to EP immediately following the injections, and subsequently show recovery of lymphocyte reactivity but do not develop clinical manifestations of EAE. Humoral or other factors may prevent the development of disease in these animals. Guinea pigs receiving injections of EP for 14 days show profound and prolonged depression of lymphocyte reactivity to EP and macrophage migration inhibition. Possible mechanisms for these results include a diminished number or function of reactive cells or activity of a population of cells with the capacity to suppress cellular immune responses. Nonspecific suppression of reactivity to an unrelated antigen during the suppressive injections was not observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Medical management of Crohn's disease in adolescence.

The therapy of Crohn's disease in adolescence must balance the natural disease history of growth suppression, debilitation, and progression against possible drug-related adverse effects on growth and development. In contrast to published guidelines which usually suggest episodic and symptomatic treatment of relapses, we have attempted to suppress disease activity throughout adolescence. Sixteen consecutive adolescent patients treated with continuous medical therapy for a mean duration of 3.5 years are presented. Fourteen received long term prednisone therapy for maintenance of disease suppression. All 16 have been asymptomatic or have had only mild symptoms which did not interfere with regular activities. Only 1 subject had to be rehospitalized. He subsequently underwent bowel surgery. Aternate day corticosteroid administration has been attained in 11 patients; 10 are growing and developing at a normal rate. In total, 13 of 16 have achieved pubertal development appropriate for age. The 8 patients with distal ileal disease have had a consistently excellent response to medical therapy. There have been no major adverse effects from drug therapy. It is concluded that an effort to suppress disease activity continuously in adolsecents with Crohn's disease is warranted. Excellent symptomatic control and normal rate of growth can be expected in patients with primarily ileal disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Inhibition of the fibrinolytic system in Behçet's disease?

Suppression of the fibrinolytic system is a well-known phenomenon in patients with Behçet's disease. It is generally explained by an increase in the inhibitory potential. In order to prove this theory, the fibrinolytic system was investigated in 5 male patients with severe chronic Behçet's disease. By the venous occlusion test, a marked suppression of the activatability of the system could be demonstrated (euglobulin lysis time, various fibrin plate assays). Results of analysis of the known inhibitors could not explain the phenomenon: antithrombin III, alpha2-macroglobulin, fast-reacting alpha2-antiplasmin, C1 inactivator, and the plasmin-antiplasmin complex were normal. The only change was an elevation of alpha1-antitrypsin and fibrinogen in 4 patients possibly due to an acute phase reaction. In addition to the possibility of a hitherto unidentified inhibitor, therefore, a decrease in production or in release of vessel wall activators must also be considered in the pathogenesis of this disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Correlation of circulating lymphocyte fluctuations with disease activity in suppressed and unsuppressed animals.

Groups of juvenile Strain 13 guinea pigs sensitized for chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) with isogeneic central nervous system (CNS) tissue in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) were either left to develop late-onset chronic EAE (unsuppressed), or given a series of injections of bovine myelin basic protein (MBP) in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) to suppress the disease. All unsuppressed animals developed disease and all suppressed animals remained healthy over a 27-month period of study. some unsuppressed and suppressed animals were rechallenged with CNS tissue in CFA 12 or 26 months post-inoculation (PI). Unsuppressed animals all became sick 2-4 weeks after rechallenge, while rechallenged, suppressed animals were protected, indicating that the suppression was permanent. Pathologic findings in the CNS complemented the clinical changes. Circulating lymphocyte studies were performed on animals from all groups. Early (active, high-affinity rosetting) T cell levels in unsuppressed animals showed significant decreases during exacerbations (P less than 0.01) and normal values during remissions. After rechallenge, circulating early T cells decreased in unsuppressed animals with the development of signs. In suppressed animals, early T cells showed significant elevations during, and for a short time after, the period of suppressive injections, and normal values afterwards. These levels did not change significantly after rechallenge. Late (total, 24 hour rosetting) T cell and B cell values showed minor fluctuations only which did not correlate with disease activity. These results indicate that chronic relapsing EAE can be successfully suppressed with MBP in IFA, that this suppression is permanent and that the immunologic findings presented correlate well with the clinical and pathologic facets of the disease. the findings are presented in terms of their relevance to multiple sclerosis.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Enrichment of Lysobacter in a long-term organically managed agricultural field with low soilborne disease incidence.

Disease-suppressive soils, in which soilborne pathogens are naturally suppressed, offer a promising model for sustainable crop protection, particularly in organic farming systems where chemical disease control options are limited. Although disease suppression in these soils is considered to rely on biological control, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated soil from a long-term organically managed field in Shiga Prefecture, Japan, where soilborne disease incidence has remained consistently low, to identify bacterial community features potentially associated with this field. The 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing indicated that this soil harbored a bacterial community distinct from those of nearby agricultural soils. Following the application of organic compounds, the genus Lysobacter, a taxon with known antagonistic activity against plant pathogens, was markedly enriched in response to proteinaceous organic inputs. This enrichment was consistent across sampling times and specific to certain proteinaceous organic inputs, whereas minimal effects were observed on chitin, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, or cysteine. Broader soil surveys indicated that Lysobacter enrichment was not strictly associated with whether soils had been managed under organic or conventional farming practices. Stepwise multiple regression analysis identified 10 co-occurring bacterial genera that were strongly associated with Lysobacter abundance. These findings highlight condition-dependent Lysobacter enrichment as a characteristic microbial response to proteinaceous organic amendments in this low-disease-incidence field and provide microbial insights that may inform microbiome-based strategies for sustainable soil management.

Lysobacter↗
PubMed2026

Recurrent and niche-specific functional bacteriome of maize hybrid revealed by integrated metabarcoding and culturomics.

The plant microbiome plays a pivotal role in plant survival in natural habitats by facilitating nutrient acquisition, stress adaptation, and disease suppression, while also offering opportunities to enhance crop productivity and climate resilience. However, the distribution of persistent and culturable bacteriome across maize-associated niches and their functional potential remain poorly resolved. This study integrated metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS-based metabarcoding) and culturomics to characterise the maize-associated bacteriome of bulk soil, rhizoplane, phylloplane, and cob of the maize hybrid PHM-1 under contrasting cropping and tillage systems, and to identify recurrent and agriculturally promising bacteriome components. The bacteriome exhibited pronounced niche-specific structuring, whereas overall bacterial community composition did not differ significantly across cropping and tillage treatments (ANOSIM, R = 0.038, p = 0.306). Proteobacteria predominated in the culturable bacteriome (69-84%; mean, 76.2%) but accounted for only 1% of the total bacteriome, whereas Patescibacteria and Firmicutes were relatively enriched. Niche-specific dominance was evident, with Pantoea accounting for 40.79% of the total and 56.27% of the culturable phylloplane bacteriome under cereal monocropping, while Serratia represented 31.59% and 59.40% of the total and culturable cob bacteriomes, respectively. Across niches, mNGS captured substantially greater bacteriome diversity, particularly uncultured and unidentified taxa in soil-associated compartments, whereas culturomics recovered a narrower but functionally accessible fraction. Culturomics yielded 99 isolates representing 32 species across 12 genera, including six genera shared with the mNGS-derived recurrent bacteriome: Bacillus, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Serratia, and Stenotrophomonas. Functional screening identified strong biocontrol and plant-beneficial traits among core-associated isolates. Pseudomonas oryzihabitans ZM-DL-PA10 inhibited Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, and Bipolaris maydis by up to 40.6%, 43.9%, and 45.2%, respectively, through secreted and volatile metabolites; exhibited P, K, and Zn solubilisation; and produced IAA and siderophores. It also recorded the lowest B. maydis disease index (ADI) of 1.00. Pantoea ananatis ZM-BH-EA4 showed 52.4% and 68.5% inhibition of R. solani and B. maydis, respectively, through volatile metabolites. Collectively, the integration of mNGS and culturomics revealed a strongly compartmentalised maize bacteriome and identified recurrent, culturable, and functionally promising bacterial taxa, providing a targeted resource for microbiome-based crop protection and climate-resilient maize production.

Zea mays↗
PubMed1979

Home parenteral nutrition in children with Crohn's disease: an effective management alternative.

Seventeen pediatric patients, ages 9.25--20.5 yr, were placed on a program of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) for severe, symptomatic Crohn's disease. Prior therapy with sulfasalazine in 14, adrenocorticosteroids in 12, inpatient total parenteral nutrition in 7, and/or surgical resections in 6 failed to suppress disease activity. Remission was attained in 12 of the 17 after one course of HPN alone. Four patients had surgical procedures and 1 required steroids in addition to HPN. Remissions have been maintained in 4 of those 12 for a mean duration of 315 days after discontinuation of HPN. Of the 8 who relapsed after a mean duration of 68 days, second courses of HPN were undertaken in 7 and third courses in 2. All 17 had a marked improvement in disease symptoms while receiving HPN in addition to gaining weight sufficient to place them at a higher percentile on standard growth charts. Ten patients demonstrated "catch-up" growth and 4 others increased their height appropriately. A chromium 51-labeled albumin stool collection of greater than 1% in 5 of 7 patients at the completion of a HPN course correlated with relapse within 4 mo. Serial radiographic contrast studies and erythrocyte sedimentation rates were not predictive of prolonged remissions. Home parenteral nutrition complications were minimal, with only one episode of sepsis per 5.8 catheter experience years. It is concluded that HPN is a safe and effective means of inducing remissions and providing optimal nutritional support in pediatric patients with severe Crohn's disease. Patients with less than adequate response to standard medical management should be considered candidates for this therapeutic modality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Cushing's disease: megadose dexamethasone suppression in a case refractory to medical therapy.

A patient with Cushing's disease failed to show complete suppressibility of adrenal function with conventional "high" doses of dexamethasone (8 mg per day). Higher doses were required to achieve suppression. Pituitary irradiation and medical therapy (cyproheptadine, metyrapone, and aminoglutethimide) failed to control the disease, necessitating bilateral adrenalectomy. The diagnostic and therapeutic implications of megadose dexamethasone suppression have not been clearly addressed in the medical literature. It is possible that adrenal suppression achieved only with unconventionally high doses of steroids may be predictive of refractoriness to nonsurgical therapy.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of pseudorabies virus inactivated by bromo-ethylene-imine, 60Co irradiation, and acridine dye in immune assay systems.

Pseudorabies virus infections among animals, especially swine, have become prevalent in the United States in the past few years. The disease in swine is now economically important. Test systems and antigens are being developed for use in control and disease suppression efforts. Pseudorabies virus was inactivated by three methods: chemically, with bromo-ethylene-imine; physically, with 60Co irradiation; and chemically and physically, with 3,9-diaminoacridine dye followed by exposure to white visible light. The antigenicities of the preparations were determined in the presence of specific antibody in immunodiffusion tests and through immunoelectrophoresis. The latter technique permitted quantitation of either antigen or antibody. In the electrophoretic patterns, the antigenic mass in bromo-ethylene-imine preparations was estimated to be 42 mg/ml, the same as in the untreated control material. After 60Co irradiation, 22 mg/ml was present, in comparison with 50 mg/ml in the untreated control antigen. In contrast, 67 mg/ml was present in the acridine dye-light-treated preparation, in comparison with 58 mg/ml in the untreated control material. A possible explanation for the acridine dye-light-treated preparation values is that photodynamic inactivation interferes with viral maturation during the replicative cycle within cells, with a resulting production of a greater amount of antigen, at least some of which is in the form of defective particles.

Acridines↗
PubMed2026

Bacillus subtilis isolated from medicinal plants rhizosphere effectively controls Cercospora leaf spot and improves plant growth in mung bean (Vigna radiata).

BACKGROUND: Mung bean is an important leguminous crop, which is reported to face devastating yield losses of up to 70% due to Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) disease. Traditional methods, such as the application of agrochemicals and fungicides, have been used to control CLS, but their intensive use has toxic effects on edible crops. METHODS: To find out a sustainable alternative, this study characterizes a strain, Bacillus subtilis Medicinal_04, isolated from Cannabis sativa rhizosphere and explores its role as an eco-friendly biofungicide and biostimulant. The species level identification of the isolate was confirmed by Average Nucleotide Identity (ANIb) and a digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH). The antagonistic efficacy of B. subtilis Medicinal_04 against Cercospora canescens was evaluated in vitro as well as in planta assays. RESULTS: ANIb of 97.80% and a dDDH score of 85.90% against the reference B. subtilis str. 168. confirmed this isolate as B. subtilis. The in-vitro results showed that B. subtilis robustly inhibited C. canescens growth by 81.5%, strongly correlated with positive chitinolytic activity and a diverse genomic array of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. The in planta results demonstrated that B. subtilis seed priming reduced disease incidence by 80 and 71.4%, while foliar application resulted in reductions of 90 and 85.7% for NM-51 and NM-20-21 varieties, respectively. Furthermore, fungicide application successfully reduced disease, however it caused noticeable phytotoxic reductions in root-shoot architecture and chlorophyll content. In contrast, biological interventions completely bypassed these trade-offs as B. subtilis application displayed improved root-shoot length, pod number, and chlorophyll content, while simultaneously enhancing antioxidative enzyme activities (SOD, POD, and CAT) and PR-1 gene expression. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that B. subtilis Medicinal_04 has the potential to serve as a multifunctional biocontrol agent and is capable of securing high-level disease suppression and optimizing plant productivity, offering a valuable toolkit for climate-smart, sustainable agriculture.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed2026

The Rhizosphere Microbiome: A Key Mediator of Crop Responses to Fertilization Strategies.

The rhizosphere microbiome, the plant's "second genome" is pivotal for crop nutrient acquisition, health, and stress responses. While fertilization ensures high agricultural yields, a key challenge is reshaping this microbiome to boost crop performance. This review synthesizes how mineral, organic, and bio-organic/microbial inoculant fertilizers affect rhizosphere microbial structure, diversity, and function. Long-term excessive mineral fertilizers (especially nitrogen) reduce microbial diversity, diminish beneficial groups (e.g., diazotrophs, PGPR), and disrupt microbial networks via soil acidification and altered root exudates, causing continuous cropping obstacles. In contrast, organic fertilizers improve soil microenvironments, maintaining high microbial diversity, enriching beneficial taxa (e.g., Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria), and enhancing community complexity. Bio-organic fertilizers/microbial inoculants "engineer" the microbiome by introducing exogenous beneficial microbes (e.g., Bacillus, Pseudomonas, AMF), directly promoting growth, suppressing diseases, and "reconditioning" indigenous beneficial communities. We also clarify how fertilization regulates plant-microbe dialog via root exudates and rhizosphere chemistry (e.g., pH, ion balance), discuss current challenges (causality, lab-to-field translation, genotype-microbiome-fertilization interactions), and outline future directions. Integrating rhizosphere microbiome management into fertilization is crucial for reducing chemical fertilizer reliance and advancing agricultural green transformation.

fertilization strategies microbial community assem↗
PubMed1977

Antilymphocytic antibodies and marrow transplantation. V. Suppression of secondary disease by host-versus-theta-graft reaction.

An approach to block secondary disease was investigated in mice sensitized against the Th-1.1 (theta-AKR) alloantigen on the marrow donor's T cells. To avoid a concomitant sensitization against the donor's histocompatibility antigens, prospective marrow recipients were sensitized against thymocytes of a third-party strain sharing the donor's Th-1 alloantigen but not his histocompatibility antigens. Advantage was taken of the fact that rats carry a Th-1.1-like theta-antigen which induces anti-Th-1.1 antibodies in Th-1.2 mice. CBA/J and (C57BL/6 x CBA)F1 Th-1.2 mice were sensitized against rat thymocytes and tranfused with spleen and bone marrow of AKR/J Th-1.1 after irradiation with 800 to 900 R. Although unsensitized recipients died within 3 weeks of acute secondary disease, sensitized mice survived the observation period of 50 days as chimaeras. Sensitized recipients were killed by the transplantation of spleen cells from congenic AKR/Cum carrying the Th-1.2 antigen. The host-versus-theta-graft approach suppressed secondary disease following H-2-compatible and -incompatible marrow grafts. Its hemopoietic and Tcell chimaeras tolerated skin grafts of the donor strain while rejecting third-party skin grafts.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity and thyroid suppressibility in Graves' disease.

Plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity, serum T4, T3, T3U, and the 24-hr thyroid uptake before triiodothyronine suppression testing were studied in 34 patients with treated Graves' disease. Although all of them were in the euthyroid state, there was a statistically significant difference in presuppression plasma DBH activity between those patients who showed suppression of their RAI uptake with triidothyronine and those who did not. This suggests a relationship between plasma DBH activity and thyroid suppressibility.

Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of avian reovirus on Marek's disease (MD). I. Suppression of MD development.

The effects of an avian reovirus on the development of acute Marek's disease (MD) were studied by exposing chickens to Reo-W isolant of avian reovirus before infecting them with an oncogenic MD herpesvirus (MDHV). Four separate trials were made in a similar manner, 2 trials with an experimental line of White Leghorn (WSU-VS) highly susceptible to MD, and 2 trials with a commercial strain of meat-type (C-MT) chicken. MD mortality and/or incidence of gross MD lesions were consistently reduced by preexposure to avian reovirus. The suppression was more apparent in the WSU-VS than in the C-MT birds, and appeared greater with exposure to reovirus via the respiratory route than with the alimentary route.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

An inflammatory bowel disease-linked lncRNA suppresses transcription factor T-BET expression in T cells to limit intestinal inflammation.

Among the tens of thousands of annotated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the human genome, only a small fraction have been functionally characterized. Here, we show that a well-established inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) risk locus encoded a conserved lncRNA, lnc15 (2310015A10Rik/ENSMUSG00000097729), whose structure was destabilized by risk-associated variants, leading to its degradation. Deletion of lnc15 in mice resulted in molecular features of inflammation under steady-state conditions and conferred heightened susceptibility to experimental colitis. Lnc15 was abundantly expressed in T cells, with highest expression in regulatory T (Treg) cells. Mechanistically, lnc15 suppressed the transcription factor T-BET by recruiting the CCR4-NOT RNA degradation complex to Tbx21 mRNA. Our study identifies that lnc15 simultaneously enhances Treg cell suppressive function and impairs conventional T cell pathogenicity in the context of intestinal inflammation. Collectively, these findings identify lnc15 as a functional lncRNA that links noncoding genetic variation to immune regulation and prevention of mucosal inflammation. VIDEO ABSTRACT.

RNA, Long Noncoding↗
PubMed1975

[Experimental prevention and suppression of neuroallergic diseases].

For concepts of therapy for neuro-allergic diseases, especially of the encephalomyelitis disseminata type the experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAEM)--as a neuro-immunological disease of the first order and a classic pattern for the specification of immunological processes--can be used for more and more extensive testing. After an exposition of the different forms of treatment (prevention, suppression and therapy) and their value the possibility of inducing tolerance a versus the encephalitogenic protein is discussed following the EAEM example--taking the view that all measures taken up to now in the case of neuro-allergic diseases have been unspecific and consequently not set down. In addition emphasis was laid on the assumption of tolerance induction after sensitization which is important to the formation of a therapy for encephalomyelitis disseminata.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

MARK1 suppresses infectious bursal disease virus replication via phosphorylating VP3.

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) of the Birnaviridae family is a non-envelope, double-stranded RNA virus that encodes a VP3 protein with multiple functions, which controls viral genome replication, IFN-β production, and virus traffic in infected cells. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs), such as ubiquitination, of VP3 have been demonstrated for affecting its function and stability. To clarify the mechanism by which VP3 is regulated in IBDV infected cells, we focused on the phosphorylation of VP3. Mass spectrometry analysis identified that microtubule-affinity regulating kinases 1 (MARK1) was a kinase interacting protein of VP3. Inhibitory function of MARK1 in affecting viral replication was validated. We describe the phosphorylation event at the serine 130 (S130) and serine 163 (S163) residues of VP3 mediated by MARK1 via mass spectrometry analysis. Alanine replacement of the phosphorylation sites in VP3 significantly enhanced its RNA-binding activity. Additionally, the mutation of two serine residues led to remarkably improved in its polymerase-enhancing function. We then incorporated the two mutations to rescue recombinant IBDV. Viral growth curve analysis revealed that replication of mutant IBDV was significantly enhanced relative to wild type (WT) virus. In conclusion, we found that VP3 functions are specifically regulated by MARK1 mediated phosphorylation at S130 and S163 and that this regulation suppresses IBDV replication ultimately.

Infectious bursal disease virus↗