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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Readiness of operating room for coping with mass disaster victims].

Mass disasters are sudden events which entail various damages and a large number of victims. For this purpose hospitals prepare disaster plans which give directions and define personnel duties in case of a disaster. In this paper an operating room disaster plan is presented which includes: organization of adequate and appropriate supplies; personnel duties and procedures during a disaster; and a continuous education programme in relation to the disaster plan for the staff.

Disaster Planning↗
PubMed1990

Nurses respond to Hurricane Hugo victims' disaster stress.

Hugo, a class IV hurricane, hit South Carolina September 22, 1989, and left behind a wake of terror and destruction. Sixty-one nursing students and five faculty were involved in disaster relief with families devastated by the hurricane. A review of the literature led these authors to propose a formulation of the concept of disaster stress, a synthesis of theories that explains response to disaster as a crisis response, a stress response, or as posttraumatic stress. With the concept of disaster stress serving as a theoretical foundation, the nurses observed, assessed, and intervened with one population of hurricane Hugo victims, noting their immediate psychosocial reactions and coping mechanisms. Victims' reactions to disaster stress included confusion, irritability, lethargy, withdrawal, and crying. The most frequently observed coping strategy of these hurricane Hugo victims was talking about their experiences; other coping tactics involved humor, religion, and altruism.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Psychiatric disorders among emotionally distressed disaster victims attending primary mental health clinics in Ecuador.

Previous studies in developing countries have demonstrated post-disaster stress disorders in a substantial share of the people living through a natural calamity, but questions have remained as to the severity of these mental health problems. This article reports information derived from a 1987 study of Ecuadorian earthquake victims that shows many of the victims had diagnosable psychiatric disorders and provides insight into the nature of those disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Identification of mass disaster victims: the Swiss identification system.

A new, simple, and reliable forensic identification system has been described. It permits the rapid and positive identification of victims of catastrophies such as airplane accidents, battles, floods, and fires. An electronic microprocessing unit directs a mechanical engraver to encode up to 13 alphanumeric characters on a small gold disk 0.25 mm thick and 2.0 mm in diameter. The identification chip is sealed in a 0.8-mm deep cavity prepared with a specially designed diamond burr in the lingual enamel of a molar tooth. The sealant is a stained composite material shown experimentally to be leakage proof, fire resistant, and readily detectable in teeth exposed to high temperatures. At the identification center the gold disk can easily be recovered and the victim positively identified without recourse to time-consuming comparison of dental records. Minimal training is required for the forensic personnel.

Color↗
PubMed1986

Status of natural disaster victims' health and recovery 1 and 3 years later.

Bereaved, property loss, and control groups (N = 155) studied 11 months following the 1980 volcanic eruption of Mt. St. Helens were recontacted 35 months postdisaster to test the hypotheses that the greater the loss experienced, the higher the stress, and the poorer the health. In general, the hypotheses were supported. Even though mental distress decreased between the two data collection periods, the mental health of the bereaved group remained poorer than both the property loss and control groups. At 3 years postdisaster, only 4% of the study participants reported complete recovery from disaster loss. Findings are compared with those of other recent disasters and clinical and theoretical implications are discussed.

Disasters↗
PubMed1991

National characteristics of dental treatment in disaster victim identification.

In this age of mass tourism it is necessary to identify repeatedly a great number of casualties. In otherwise hopeless cases of identification dental alloys can be broken down by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis and an scanning electron microscope to furnish valuable clues as to the country of their origin.

Dental Alloys↗
PubMed1985

Secondary disaster victims: the emotional effects of recovering and identifying human remains.

The author conducted a questionnaire survey of the 592 U.S. Air Force personnel involved in transporting and identifying the bodies of the almost 1,000 persons who died in Jonestown, Guyana; 225 (38%) of the personnel involved returned the questionnaire, as well as 76 (22%) of 352 individuals who were not involved in the operation. The Guyana respondents reported significantly more short-term dysphoria, which was more pronounced in those younger than 25 years of age, those who were black, those who were enlisted men rather than officers, and those with more exposure to the bodies. The author discusses the implications of these findings in planning future disaster relief programs.

Adaptation, Psychological↗