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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Two cases of male infertility with pathological dilatation of ejaculatory duct].

Two cases of male infertility with pathological dilatation of ejaculatory duct are reported. In both cases, the dilatated wall of the ejaculatory duct was incised at the vermontanum with a cold knife endoscopically. After the incision, the findings of semen analysis of one case improved markedly and his wife became pregnant. In another case, semen analysis was not improved. Transurethral incision seemed to be a useful modality for the treatment of pathological dilatation of ejaculatory duct.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[A case of pathological dilation of seminal vesicle with high level of serum CA-19-9].

A case of pathological dilation of seminal vesicle is presented. A 18-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with the complaints of gross hematuria and discomfort of the scrotum. IVP and abdominal CT scan revealed the left aplastic kidney, and ultrasound, vesiculography, and pelvic CT scan revealed markedly dilated bilateral seminal vesicles without filling defects. The level of serum CA19-9 was 390 u/ml, which was extremely high. After resection of dilated seminal vesicles, it returned to the normal range (37 u/ml). Sixty six cases of pathological dilation of seminal vesicle were collected from the Japanese literature. No cases showing a high level of serum CA19-9 have been reported in Japan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[The pelvicaliceal system in the sonogram--distinction between physiological and pathological dilatation].

Dilatation of the pelvicalyceal system was documented in volunteers with healthy kidneys in whom renal excretation was increased by means of a variety of methods. As a rule, the proximal ureter is not visualised. In mild or moderate urinary obstruction, however, the ureter is almost always visible, and stasis is mostly unilateral. Although sonography is a method of good sensitivity, the excretory urogram remains an essential diagnostic tool in the examination of the pelvicalyceal and ureteral systems.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Two cases of pathological dilatation of seminal duct end].

Two cases of male infertility due to pathological dilatation of seminal duct end are reported. One patient was 33 years old. He was diagnosed with azoospermia by semen analysis. The cystic wall of the seminal duct end was incised by a cold knife on the urethral scope. After the operation, 100,000-500,000/ml sperms were found in his semen. The other patient was 31 years old. He was diagnosed with severe oligoasthenozoospermia. He was operated on in a similar operation. After operation, the findings of his semen analysis improved exceedingly, and his wife became pregnant.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[A case of pathological dilatation of the seminal duct end].

A case of azoospermia due to pathological dilatation of seminal duct end is reported. A 34-year-old man visited our clinic complaining of infertility. He was diagnosed as having azoospermia by semen analysis. Cystic dilatation of seminal duct end was improved after transurethral resection of the cystic wall. His wife became pregnant on the 27th day after his operation.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Expression of matrix metalloproteinases, their tissue inhibitors, and osteopontin in the wall of thoracic and abdominal aortas with dilatative pathology.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) degrade extracellular matrix and may play a central role in the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysms. We studied 2 groups of patients: 15 with dilatative pathology of the ascending thoracic aorta and 17 with aneurysm of the abdominal aortic wall (AAA). We compared the expression of MMPs, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and osteopontin in the wall of thoracic and abdominal aneurysms. In AAA, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression in inflammatory cells was higher than in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) (median score: 3.5 versus 1, P < .0001; 2 versus 1, P < .04, respectively), whereas MMP-2 demonstrated higher expression in SMCs than in inflammatory cells (median score: 0 versus 4, P < .0001). In ATA, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3, and osteopontin expression in SMCs was higher than in inflammatory cells (median score: 3 versus 0, P < .0001; 4 versus 1, P < .0005; 2 versus 0, P < .001; 5 versus 2, P < .0001; 2 versus 0, P < .005; and 5 versus 1.5, P < .0001, respectively), when both inflammatory cells of the media and the adventitia were considered together. The cellular expression of MMP-9 and their tissue inhibitors TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and TIMP-3 differs in the dilatative pathology of abdominal and thoracic aortas, so the hypothetical model of morphogenesis of AAA cannot completely explain the formation of dilatative pathology of the ascending thoracic aorta.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[A case of pathological dilatation of seminal vesicle with chief complaint of male infertility].

A 32-year-old man with the chief complaint of male infertility for two years was admitted to our clinic for extensive examination of azoospermia. Physical examination revealed no abnormal findings in the bilateral testis, epididymis or prostate except for hard thickening of bilateral deferens ducts. Serum follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin and testosterone levels were within normal range, and specimens from testicular biopsy demonstrated normospermatogenesis. Examination of urinary tract disclosed no abnormal findings. Seminal vesiculography, pelvic computed tomographic scan, and pelvic plain X-ray after seminal vesiculography showed that bilateral seminal vesicles were dilated remarkably without filling defect. A cap-shaped silicone prosthesis was installed on caudal portion of right epididymis. Fourteen days later, we punctured it, but enough seminal fluid to provide homologous artificial insemination was not obtained. Sixty five cases of pathological dilatation of seminal vesicle were collected from Japanese literature. A brief review on age, symptoms, complications, therapies and transferrin in seminal fluid were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Pathologic dilatation of the thoracic aorta: a study using magnetic resonance].

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging provides detailed evaluation of cardiovascular structures, due to high intrinsic contrast between flowing blood and vessel's lumen. Early application have shown the clinical validity of the technique, with non-invasive, multiplanar imaging of large and medium sized vessels. In this study we evaluate the capabilities of MR in screening out patients with thoracic aorta enlargement. Examination has been performed in 16 patients, employing a 0.5 T superconductive unit, and acquiring images on axial, sagittal and coronal planes with 7 mm slice thickness. In 15 cases it was possible to detect the pathology and to characterize it according to type, location and extension. In 1 case it was no possible to make an accurate diagnosis for the presence of movement artefacts, due to poor patient's cooperation. In dissecting aneurysms the true and false lumen may be differentiated, with a good visualization of the intimal flap. The relation between the origin of the aortic branches and the aneurysm may also be ascertained.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Smooth muscle cells of the media in the dilatative pathology of ascending thoracic aorta: morphology, immunoreactivity for osteopontin, matrix metalloproteinases, and their inhibitors.

The etiopathogenesis of thoracic aortic aneurysms is currently an issue of debate. The present study investigated ultrastructural, morphometric, and immunohistochemical aspects of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in chronic aneurysm of the thoracic aorta (aneurysm group), aortic dilatation associated with valvular disease (valvular group), and dissection of the thoracic aorta (dissection group). Fragments of the ascending aorta that had been taken from the patients during coronary bypass surgery were used as controls. No significant difference was observed in the density of SMCs between the 3 pathologic groups put together and the controls. Only separate analysis of SMC density in each of the pathologic groups showed that the valvular group samples had significantly smaller amounts of SMCs in the internal layer of the media than the dissection group samples and controls. Ultrastructural analysis, in situ end labeling, propidium iodide assay, and DNA laddering did not show apoptosis of SMCs in the samples investigated. Ultrastructure of SMCs characteristic of the synthetic phenotype, together with increased expression of osteopontin in the media of pathologic thoracic aortas indicated the transition of SMCs from the contractile to the synthetic phenotype. Immunohistochemical investigation showed that medial SMCs in the samples taken from aortas of all 3 pathologic groups expressed stronger immunoreactivity for matrix metalloproteinase 1, 2, and 9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 and 2 than the controls. The present study shows that during the formation of aneurysms, dissection of the thoracic aorta, or aortic dilatation associated with valvular disease, loss of SMCs was not of great importance with respect to their transition from the contractile to the synthetic type in leading to increased production of matrix metalloproteinases.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Canine idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Part I: Aetiology, clinical characteristics, epidemiology and pathology.

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), characterized by chamber dilatation and myocardial systolic and diastolic dysfunction, is one of the most common heart diseases in dogs. The aetiology of the myocardial hypokineis is seldom known in the individual case of DCM, although several theories concerning genetic, nutritional, metabolic, inflammatory, infectious, or drug- or toxin-induced myocardial disease have been discussed. DCM is often referred to as being breed-specific for Boxers, Doberman Pinschers, English Cocker Spaniels and other breeds. Review of reports on histopathologic findings in canine DCM reveals two histologically distinct forms of DCM; (1) cardiomyopathy of boxers and of Doberman pinschers, corresponding to the "fatty infiltration-degenerative" type, and (2) the form seen in many giant, large- and medium-sized breeds, including some boxers and Doberman pinschers, which can be classified as the "attenuated wavy fiber" type of DCM. The classification of canine idiopathic DCM according to histologic findigns seems superior to classification suggesting breed-specific syndromes, as some breeds (i.e. boxers and Doberman pinschers) may be affected by both diseases. However, ante mortem aetiological diagnosis of DCM is difficult. DCM carries a poor prognosis in dogs, and few prognostic indicators have been identified.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Pathological observations of intrahepatic peribiliary glands in 1,000 consecutive autopsy livers. III. Survey of necroinflammation and cystic dilatation.

Pathological changes and significance of intrahepatic peribiliary glands, hitherto poorly recognized intrahepatic elements, have been evaluated in our laboratory. In this report, we surveyed necroinflammatory and cystic changes of the peribiliary glands in 1,000 consecutive autopsy livers because these two changes coexisted frequently in the same liver. The necroinflammatory change was found in 228 livers (22.8%) and the cystic change in 202 livers (20.2%), and 103 cases showed both changes in the same liver. The necroinflammatory change was frequently found in intrahepatic cholangitis and extrahepatic biliary obstruction with bacterial infection, suggesting that biliary bacterial inflammation extends into these peribilary glands. This change was also frequent in systemic infection or septicemia without biliary bacterial infection, implying that the peribiliary glands were also damaged in such conditions without direct infection. The cystic change was frequent in livers with portal hypertension or obstruction, adult polycystic disease and necroinflammation of the glands, suggesting that the cystic change of the glands could occur as the result of the disturbance of intrahepatic circulation or as the result of inflammatory destruction of the glandular conduits. Some of peribiliary cysts may be of congenital origin. Dysfunction related to these pathological changes in the glands may diminish seromucous secretion and cause alterations in hepatic bile composition. The cystic change of the glands may retard bile flow by compressing bile duct lumina.

Bile Duct Diseases↗
PubMed1995

Initial experience with the Cosgrove-Edwards Annuloplasty System.

BACKGROUND: The mitral valve has a nonplanar shape and a sphincter action. Pathologic dilatation occurs along the posterior annulus. To preserve the physiologic function and correct annular dilatation, we developed an annuloplasty system that is universally flexible and produces a measured plication of the posterior annulus (Cosgrove-Edwards Annuloplasty System). METHODS: The results of 150 consecutive mitral valve repairs using this system were analyzed. Mean age was 58 +/- 13 years; 59% were men. The cause of the valve disease was degenerative in 75% of the patients, rheumatic in 13%, ischemic in 8%, and infectious in 4%. Associated procedures were performed in 61 patients (41%). RESULTS: Echocardiographic mitral regurgitation decreased from 3.7 +/- 0.6 before repair to 0.2 +/- 0.4 after repair (p < 0.0001). There were no hospital deaths and no cases of hemodynamically significant systolic anterior motion or other annuloplasty-related complications. Follow-up was 100% complete at a mean of 3.1 +/- 3.6 months. There were three late deaths, three transient ischemic attacks, and one episode of endocarditis. Five patients (3.3%) have undergone reoperation for recurrent mitral insufficiency; no reoperations were related to the annuloplasty system. At a mean of 9 months, three-dimensional reconstruction of the mitral annulus from multiple echocardiographic images confirmed the nonplanar shape and sphincter mechanism of the annulus. Annular orifice area decreased 19% during the cardiac cycle from a mean of 10.3 cm2 in diastole to 8.6 cm2 in systole. CONCLUSIONS: This annuloplasty system is effective for repair of insufficiency secondary to all causes, preserves physiologic annulus function, and is associated with a low incidence of valve-related complication.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The influence of bladder fullness on upper urinary tract dimensions and renal excretory function.

Nearly full bladders (375 ml.) produced significantly greater dimensions of the renal calices, pelves and ureters on excretory urograms compared to nearly empty bladders. These dimensions were frequently to the point of being considered pathological dilatations. On planimetry the urographic areas of the pelviocaliceal systems decreased by 43 per cent on the right side and 38 per cent on the left side when the nearly full bladder was compared to the nearly empty bladder in 10 patients. Renal excretory function also was affected by nearly full bladders. Urea clearances after 1 hour were 24 per cent lower and creatinine clearances were 9 per cent lower when starting with a nearly full bladder as compared to starting with an empty bladder. The implications of these findings are of potential significance with respect to 1) interpretation of excretory urograms and 2) chronic urine holding in patients with recurrent urinary tract infections, impaired renal function and/or urolithiasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Localized bowel distension in the newborn: a review of the plain film analysis and differential diagnosis.

Neonatal abdominal plain films were prospectively analyzed over a 41-month period in order to generate a differential diagnosis for focal bowel distension during the first 6 weeks of life. A total of 31 examples of locally distended bowel were collected. The study discredits the concept that asymmetrically distended bowel in the newborn is usually caused by necrotizing enterocolitis (only 9/31 cases) and indicates that distended bowel in the lower abdomen or left upper quadrant is often caused by air trapping in normal but redundant rectosigmoid (11 cases) or in distal transverse colon (three cases). Five other pathologic conditions not normally specified in differential diagnoses of focally distended bowel included inguinal hernia (three cases), small bowel atresia (two cases), midgut volvulus (one case), Hirschsprung's disease (one case), and small left colon (one case). The study emphasizes the value of sequential supine and prone filming for distinguishing normal from pathologic dilated loops of bowel.

Aerophagy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endometrial pathology at dilatation and curettage in breast cancer patients: comparison of tamoxifen users and nonusers.

PURPOSE: We conducted this retrospective study to determine the endometrial pathologic findings at the time of dilatation and curettage in breast cancer patients on tamoxifen and compare these findings with those from a similar group of patients not receiving tamoxifen. METHODS: The pathologic findings from endometrial curettings in all breast cancer patients who underwent a dilatation and curettage between January 1986 and June 1993 at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Medical records and office charts were reviewed to determine the patient age, history, and duration of tamoxifen use, and the presence of symptoms (vaginal spotting or bleeding). RESULTS: Two hundred and forty breast cancer patients were identified. Seventy-five patients (31%) were taking tamoxifen (mean duration, 26 months) at the time of dilatation and curettage. Fifty-three of these patients were symptomatic. Twenty-two of the patients taking tamoxifen were asymptomatic. One hundred and sixty-five patients (69%) were not taking tamoxifen. Of these patients, 109 were symptomatic and 56 were asymptomatic. In both symptomatic and asymptomatic breast cancer patients, there was no difference in the incidence of endometrial polyps, hyperplasia, or adenocarcinoma when comparing tamoxifen users with nonusers. CONCLUSION: Short-term tamoxifen use in breast cancer patients was not found to alter the endometrial pathologic findings at the time of dilatation and curettage.

Adenocarcinoma↗