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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Scientific approach in nutrition medicine and the example of diet fads].

The dietetics, seen from the historic point of view, have been more of an empirical science, yet in the past few decades they have developed a more rational, scientific basis. Unfortunately, this view is not shared by all, especially by those responsible for research policies of universities. Therefore it is not surprising that so-called "fad-diets" have gained in popularity despite the fact that these diets have not been scientifically proven as valuable. The most well known of these diets are the Schroth-, and F. X. Mayr-cure, the Evers-, Hay's, Atkins-, and Point-diet. Almost every day new diets are introduced to the public via uncritical mass media. These types of diets have nothing to do with modern throphotherapy.

Diet Fads↗
PubMed1984

A practical guide to fad diets.

This discussion of fad diets may be concluded by comparing the 14 selected diets with the standards previously outlined for desirable weight reducing plans. Many of the popular diets supply large quantities of saturated fat and cholesterol, which are dietary components that have been associated with cardiovascular disease. Ketogenic diets are not appropriate for athletes because of problems with secondary dehydration and hyponatremia. Almost all of the diets are nutritionally inadequate. The rate of anticipated weight loss will vary according to the age, sex, weight, basal energy requirement, and activity level of an individual. However, it is expected that weight loss will be excessively rapid if a competitive athlete consumes a diet of less than 1000 calories per day. These hypocaloric diets cannot meet the training demands of athletes and will promote loss of lean body mass and carbohydrate stores. Many of the ketogenic diets do not restrict calories; therefore, weight loss will depend upon individual daily caloric consumption. The Cambridge Diet and starvation diets produce weight loss far in excess of that desired for an athlete in training. Long-term eating patterns to maintain weight loss are not encouraged in any of the 14 selected fad diets. In fact, most of these diets promote patterns of poor nutrition. Not one of the diets provides options or choices for dieters to use in accommodating food preference and lifestyle patterns. Some of the diets are fairly easy to comply with and others require special foods and supplements. None of the 14 diets reviewed fulfull all of the standards for a sound weight reduction diet plan.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Diet Fads↗
PubMed1989

Appetoff: another diet fad.

Appetoff diet patches were diet aids introduced to the public in 1987 and removed from the market in 1988 by the FDA for reasons of fraud. The ingredients were supposedly homeopathic concentrations of plant and mineral products. Although 91.6% of persons in this study who used the product for at least 1 week reported weight loss and mild side effects, no active ingredients could be detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2004

Fad diets and obesity--Part II: An introduction to the theory behind low-carbohydrate diets.

Low-carbohydrate diets are not only highly popular but also controversial. The theory or general concept behind the low-carbohydrate dietary approach needs to receive more attention to provide more objectivity to this discussion. The theory or concept that actually has some evidence currently lies in the values of the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL). Basically, the higher the GI, the greater the glucose response. However, the GI system that was originally proffered in 1981 comes with one apparent limitation in that some foods or beverages need to be obtained in enormous amounts in order to observe such a glucose change. Therefore, the newer concept of GL (derived from the GI) is based on a more moderate-portion size and the resultant glucose change with some of the higher GI foods or beverages actually demonstrating a low GL. These and other limitations and some advantages of low-carbohydrate diets with an emphasis of what an actual GI or GL means are discussed.

Diet Fads↗
PubMed2005

Fad diets and obesity--Part IV: Low-carbohydrate vs. low-fat diets.

The first three parts of this series of articles covered the basics of some of the more popular low-carbohydrate diets, and the theories behind them. In the fourth and final part of this series, some of the more popular low-fat and low-calorie diets, such as the Ornish diet and Weight Watchers, are covered briefly. Recently, several clinical trials of longer duration that compared low-carbohydrate versus low-fat diets have been published. These studies demonstrate that some of the low-carbohydrate diets result in reduced weight in the short-term, but their ability to reduce weight long-term any better than low-fat or other diets has been questioned. Most popular or fad diets have some positive messages contained within them and some preliminary positive short-term results, but overall the compliance rates with any fad diet are very poor over the long-term. The decision to go on any diet should be made with a health professional who can monitor the patient closely.

Body Mass Index↗
PubMed2004

Fad diets and obesity--Part I: Measuring weight in a clinical setting.

Obesity is a recognized epidemic in many regions around the world and billions of dollars are spent each year in attempting to combat this problem. However, before a discussion of the different conventional and alternative treatments for obesity can be initiated, it is first critical to determine whether or not a certain individual is actually overweight, obese, or has an excess of adipose tissue. Therefore, a review of the various popular and unpopular measurements of obesity is needed. A variety of measurements exist such as bioelectrical impedance, body mass index (BMI), crude weight, densitometry, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), lean body mass (LBM), skinfold thickness, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). All of these measurements contain inherent advantages and disadvantages, but many of these can still be used in a clinical setting. Health professionals should acquaint themselves with these different measurements in order to take the first step in bringing attention to and potentially treating a condition that affects virtually every medical discipline.

Anthropometry↗