The effect of DEAE dextran, dextran sulfate and dextran on porcine mixed lymphocyte reaction.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “Dextran Sulfate”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Modulation of adenylate cyclase activity by sulfated glycosaminoglycans. II. Effects of mucopolysaccharides and dextran sulfate on the activity of adenylate cyclase derived from various tissues.
Heparin was found to be the most potent inhibitor of rat ovarian luteinizing hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase (I50 = 2 microgram/ml) when compared to other naturally occurring glycosamin oglycans. This inhibition was also apparent when this enzyme was stimulated by follicle-stimulating hormone or prostaglandin E2. Heparin was also found to inhibit glucagon-sensitive rat hepatic adenylate cyclase, and the prostaglandin E1-sensitive enzyme from rat ileum and human platelets. In contrast, heparin stimulated the dopamine sensitive adenylate cyclase from rat caudate nucleus. The sulfated polysugar dextran sulfate exerts similar effects on adenylate cyclase activity of the rat ovary and was shown to inhibit hormone binding to rat ovarian plasma membrane in a manner similar to that exerted by heparin. In contrast to heparin, dextran sulfate inhibited dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase from rat caudate nucleus.
Adenylyl Cyclases↗
Localization of proliferating cells in lymphatic tissues triggered by dextran sulfate.
Mice were injected with dextran sulfate in the presence or absence of various amounts of sheep red blood cells. The incorporation of thymidine into the proliferating cells of spleen, lymph nodes and thymus was investigated using autoradiographic and histologic techniques. Dextran sulfate triggered selective proliferation of cells localized in the marginal zone of the white pulp of the spleen. The uptake of colloid carbon particles was also enhanced by dextran sulfate in this area of the spleen. The results are consistent with the suggestion that dextran sulfate triggers proliferation of non-thymus-derived cells probably a sub-population of B-lymphocytes and activates phagocytic cells.
Animals↗
Inhibition of factor VIII-associated platelet aggregation by heparin and dextran sulfate, and its mechanism.
Both ristocetin-induced aggregation in the presence of human factor VIII and bovine factor VIII-induced aggregation of washed normal human platelets were inhibited or reversed by the addition of heparin or dextran sulfate. These actions of dextran sulfate were stronger than those of heparin, and dependent on the sulfur content of dextran sulfate. In order to study the mechanism of actions of dextran sulfate and heparin, the affinity chromatographic experiment of factor VIII in human and bovine plasma, respectively, was carried out by using a dextran sulfate- and a heparin-Agarose column. Both human and bovine factor VIII have a strong affinity for dextran sulfate with high sulfur content and a weak affinity for heparin, but no affinity for dextran sulfate with low sulfur content. From these results, it is suggested that dextran sulfate or heparin binds directly the human and bovine factor VIII, which is an essential factor for the maintenance of the weak interplatelet bonds, and either inhibits or reverses the platelet aggregation.
Chromatography, Affinity↗
Altered growth behavior of virus-transformed cells after treatment with dextran sulfate.
Growth behavior in vitro of 3T3 cells and the cells transformed by polyoma or SV40 virus was studied after their treatment with dextran sulfate. The transformed cells treated with dextran sulfated showed decreased saturation density compared with untreated cells, whereas saturation density of 3T3 cells was hardly affected by treatment with dextran sulfate. The ratio of saturation density of untreated SV3T3 cells to that of the treated cells was 64.1% at 5 microng/ml and was 43.4% at 10 microng/ml of dextran sulfate. In Py3T3 cells the ratio was 45.0% at both concentrations of 10 and 20 microng/ml. Plating efficiency was not affected in 3 cell lines tested after treatment with dextran sulfate. The treated cells showed a tendency to form thin and not piled-up colonies in the central area. The treated SV3T3 and Py3T3 cells were flattened in shape compared with the untreated cells. In agar medium the treated SU 3T3 and Py 3T3 cells showed the tendency to stop growing after forming small colonies, whereas the untreated cells kept growing anf formed large colonies. These results suggested that dextran sulfate altered temporarily the growth of the transformed cells to that of untransformed cells.
Agar↗
[Influence of poly-A:U, dextran sulfate and yeast RNA on the colony forming ability of bone marrow in irradiated mice].
Poly-A:U, dextran sulfate and yeast RNA were shown to increase the number of endogenous (CFU) in sublethally (525 r.) irradiated mouse spleens seemingly as a result of their mutagenic effect on proliferating CFU. The preparations had no effect on the number of exogenous colonies when injected together with bone marrow syngeneic cells transfer from intact donors. Dextran sulfate led to a 2.7 time increase in the number of endogenous colonies in unevenly irradiated mouse spleens mostly due to the CFU migration from the protected sites of the bone marrow. Poly-A:U and yeast RNA complex was ineffective in such an experiment. It is quite possible that the ability of dextran sulfate to increase the migrational potencies of the stem hematogenic cells served as one of the essential factors in the mechanism of its adjuvant activity.
Animals↗
[Effect of the preliminary administration of dextran sulfate on the development of an acute radiation lesion].
Single intraperitoneal administration of dextran sulfate to noninbred mice at a dose of 60 mg/kg 3--24 and 48 hours prior to irradiation in lethal and sublethal doses exerts no radioprotective action. Administration of the drug 24 hours before irradiation increases the intensity of postradiation leukopenia. During irradiation of the animals in a dose of 650 rad dextran sulfate accelerates the recovery of hemopoiesis. With the dose of irradiation being increased up to 750 rad, the drug produces no effect on this parameter.
Acute Disease↗
Dextran sulfates as a contaminant of DNA extracted from concentrated viruses and as an inhibitor of DNA polymerases.
Dextran sulfate is commonly used with polyethylene glycol to concentrate viruses before extraction of their DNA. However, dextran slulfate then easily contaminated such DNA and acted as a potent inhibitor of DNA polymerases from Bacillus subtilis (III), phage PBS2, and phage T4. Dextran sulfate only weakly inhibited Micrococcus luteus and Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I preparations.
Bacteriophages↗
Selective effects of anti-Ia serum and complement treatment upon polyclonal B lymphocyte responses to dextran sulfate and lipopolysaccharide.
Subpopulations of B lymphocytes have been shown to vary in their expression of Ia alloantigens and polyclonal responsiveness to thymic independent antigens. We have demonstrated that the polyclonal B cell antibody response to dextran sulfate is less sensitive to removal of Ia-positive cells than is the response to LPS. This is a consistent finding whether alloantibody and complement (C) pretreatment is directed toward cells bearing Ia antigens coded for by the entire I region or by the I-A or I-E subregions. Heterogeneity appears to exist within the dextran sulfate-sensitive population in that using high antibody; cell ratios during antibody and C-mediated cell selection results in an inhibition of the proliferative but not the antibody response. This result may indicate a differential expression of Ia antigens on dextran sulfate-sensitive B cells that respond by proliferation versus those cells that produce antibody. Alternatively, proliferative responses to dextran sulfate may be more dependent upon Ia-positive accessory cells than is the polyclonal antibody response.
Animals↗
Transport of dextran sulfates to rat livers.
Liver subcellular distributions of three different dextran sulfates (DSs) with average molecular weight (AMW) of 3000, 20,000, and 200,000, and sulfur content of 18%, anticoagulants and antilipemic agents, were examined in rats after intravenous administration of 50 mg/kg. About 20% of the injected radioactivity was taken up by liver 15 min-3 hr after 35S-DS administration, but the uptake of 35S-DS with AMW of 200,000 was slower than that of the other DSs. About half of the radioactivity distributed in livers was found in the cytosol fraction. The cytosol fraction/liver ratio of the radioactivity gradually decreased with the increase in the nuclear fraction/liver ratio. The specific radioactivity of the lysosomal fraction was 5--20 times as large as that of the other fractions. Unchanged forms of 35S-DSs with AMW of 3000 and 20,000 were found in the lysosomal and the cytosol fractions. Administration of DSs with AMW of 20,000 and 200,000 significantly enhanced the Na+-K+-dependent ATPase activity of lysosomal fraction which has been considered to be an index of endocytosis. These findings suggest that DSs are probably transferred into liver cells by transmembrane and endocytotic transports.
Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
Macrophages are required for the dextran-sulfate induced activation of B lymphocytes.
The proliferative response induced by the B cell activating ligand dextran-sulfate (DxS) requires the presence of macrophage-produced factors or the macrophage-substituting compound 2-mercaptoethanol. Thus, the mechanism for activation of mouse B splenic lymphocytes is different for DxS than for other polyclonal B cell activators such as lipopolysaccharides, which can trigger B cells directely in the absence of the helper factors. It is suggested that the disappearance of the DxS-induced response could be studied in a simple functional tests for the efficiency of macrophage depletion obtained by different techniques.
Animals↗
[Regulation of enzyme activity in adsorptive enzyme systems. II. Influence of dextran sulfate on catalytic properties of lactate dehydrogenase (isozyme M4)].
It has been shown that the binding of pig skeletal muscle lactate dehydrogenase (isozyme M4) by dextran sulfate with weight-average molecular weight 500 000 is accompanied by a decrease of the rate of enzymatic reduction of pyruvate. The hyperbolic dependence of the enzymic reaction rate on NADH concentration observed for free lactate dehydrogenase is transformed in a sigmoidal curve in the case of adsorbed enzyme form (Hill's coefficient is equal to 2.1). The experimental data have been described quantitatively using the model of adsorptive enzyme system where the enzyme interacts reversibly with the support and co-operative interaction of substrate binding sites in the adsorbed enzyme molecule are realized. It is assumed that the value of microscopic dissociation constant for the complex of the substrate with adsorbed enzyme is being changed by a constant factor during saturation of the binding sites by the substrate in the enzyme molecule. The value of parameters of the model for the adsorptive enzyme system under study are determined.
Animals↗
Reduction of the non-specific binding of DNA to gamma-globulin in Farr radioimmunoassay by addition of dextran sulfate and calcium chloride.
The effect of non-specific binding caused by the interaction between gamma-globulin and denatured DNA was markedly reduced by addition of dextran sulfate or CaCl2 at alkaline pH. This method was shown to be applicable in the detection of anti-DNA antibodies in sera from cases of human systemic lupus erythematosus.
Calcium Chloride↗
T-suppressor cells sensitive to cyclophosphamide and to its in vitro active derivative 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide control the mitogenic response of murine splenic B cells to dextran sulfate. A direct proof for different sensitivities of lymphocyte subsets to cyclophosphamide.
As measured by [(3)H]thymidine uptake, spleen cells of mice injected 7 d previously with a single dose of cyclophosphamide (Cy) (125 mg x kg (-1)) gave an enhanced response to dextran sulfate (DS), a diminished response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and a normal response to concanavalin A. Addition of syngeneic thymocytes to spleen cells inhibited the enhanced response of the cells to DS and slightly enhanced their response to LPS. Pretreatment of thymocytes by 4-hydroxyperoxycyclophosphamide (4HP-Cy) in vitro (an in vitro active derivative of Cy) abrogated the effect of thymocytes on the DS response but not on the LPS response. Pretreatment of spleen cells by small doses of 4HP-Cy (0.1-1.0 mug. ml(-1)) in vitro enhanced the capacity of the cells to respond to DS but either did not affect, or even diminished their capacity to respond to LPS. The enhancement of the DS response by 4HP-Cy treatment could not be detected using spleen cells depleted of T cells or lacking functioning T cells. 4HP-Cy doses more than 3 mug ml(-1) diminished or abolished the capacity of the spleen cells to respond to LPS as well as their capacity to respond to DS. The results show (a) that in contrast to the LPS-reactive B-lymphocyte subset, the proliferative capacity of DS-reactive subset is negatively controlled by a Cy- and 4HP-Cy-sensitive T-cell subset and (b) that these T- suppressor cells are more sensitive to Cy and 4HP-Cy (to their respective active alkylating metabolites) than B lymphocytes and T cells carrying other immunological functions.
Animals↗
[Studies on serum lipoproteins. VI. Separation, isolation and characterization of serum high density lipoprotein by using dextran-sulfate and Ca++ in combination with preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (author's transl)].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Calcium↗
Efficient transfer of large DNA fragments from agarose gels to diazobenzyloxymethyl-paper and rapid hybridization by using dextran sulfate.
We describe a technique for transferring electrophoretically separated bands of double-stranded DNA from agarose gels to diazobenzyloxymethyl-paper. Controlled cleavage of the DNA in situ by sequential treatment with dilute acid, which causes partial depurination, and dilute alkali, which causes cleavage and separation of the strands, allows the DNA to leave the gel rapidly and completely, with an efficiency independent of its size. Covalent attachment of DNA to paper prevents losses during subsequent hybridization and washing steps and allows a single paper to be reused many times. Ten percent dextran sulfate, originally found to accelerate DNA hybridization in solution by about 10-fold [J.G. Wetmur (1975) Biopolymers 14, 2517-2524], accelerates the rate of hybridization of randomly cleaved double-stranded DNA probes to immobilized nucleic acids by as much as 100-fold, without increasing the background significantly.
Apurinic Acid↗
Dextran sulfate precipitable (light) plasma lipoproteins in genetically active and passive rats fed two types of diet.
Genetically active and passive female rats were fed a purified sucrose/fat diet or a stock diet from the age of 11 to 27 weeks. The age-related increase in plasma total cholesterol concentration was much more pronounced in active rats fed the purified diet than in active rats fed the stock diet. No significant alteration with age took place in the plasma cholesterol level of passive rats fed the stock or the purified diet. The increase in body weight was somewhat greater in active and passive rats fed the purified diet than in those fed stock diet. The lipoprotein distribution at the age of 27 weeks was estimated using both polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and dextran sulfate/Ca++ precipitation. As compared with the stock diet, the purified diet effected a decrease in the relative amount of prebeta and beta lipoproteins in both active and passive rats. The major effect was, however, a pronounced increase in the relative amount of dextran sulfate precipitable "light prealpha" lipoproteins with no effect on "heavy prealpha" or alpha lipoprotein percentages. Alpha lipoprotein percentages were slightly higher in active than in passive rats. The results confirm our earlier observation that there might be a dissociation between the dietary effect on the plasma total cholesterol level and on the lipoprotein distribution. The data also suggest that the hyperlipemic sucrose/fat diet causes a shift from the prebeta and beta lipoproteins to the "light prealpha" fractions.
Animals↗
Activation of calcium-ATPase of liver plasma membrane by dextran sulfates.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗