The role of health services research in developing practice policy: development of practice guidelines.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Clinical Protocols↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “Development Policy”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Policy development for compensating workers exposed to crystalline silica in Ontario, Canada.
The Ontario Workers' Compensation Board develops policy for diseases by considering scientific information within legal, political, and social contexts. The purpose of this paper is to describe the process used to develop a policy for lung cancer among gold miners and to examine the extent to which this process assists the development of similar guidelines for workers with silica dust exposure. The scientific and policy questions are similar, both requiring consultation with stakeholders. To improve the development process for the gold miner policy, consultation for silica and lung cancer needs to be more inclusive. The resulting procedures would also need to be precise enough to assist adjudicators to make decisions without limiting their ability to decide each claim on the merits of the case. The major challenge is to ensure that the final policy is scientifically and legally supportable and acceptable to both workers and employers.
Canada↗
A population policy and a development policy are one and the same thing. An introduction to World Population Year.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Demography↗
Developing policies for runaways: insights from the literature.
This article examines the literature on runaways from an historical perspective. It argues that societal responses to runaways have been structured by the prevailing assumptions about the nature and meaning of runaway behaviour. The recurring theme of detachment and connection is highlighted and its implication for policy development is examined.
Adolescent↗
ASHP policy-development process: opportunities for improvement. ASHP Ad Hoc Committee on Policy Development.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Decision Making, Organizational↗
Rejecting, revitalizing, and reclaiming: First Nations work to set the direction of research and policy development.
BACKGROUND: The history and legacy of Western, colonial research methodologies and policy frameworks continue to create and maintain dichotomies of superior/inferior, and valued/not valued between Western and First Nations cultures, peoples and knowledge. METHODS: This article was written to awaken discussion on how First Nations are working to shape the direction of research and policy development. It draws upon the author's personal observations and experiences of Western and Indigenous frameworks. The author also draws upon the growing body of work on this issue presented by indigenous researchers and scholars. FINDINGS: The Health Information Research Committee of the Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs rejects colonial research frameworks and promotes and supports culturally-respectful research. The Dakota in Manitoba are identifying our own Quality of Life indicators and developing policies based on our own cultural values. The Mohawk of Akwesasne have developed research ethics and protocols based on their cultural principles of skennen (peace), kariwiio (good word), and kasastensera (strength). CONCLUSION: First Nations people in Canada and the world are increasingly rejecting Western, colonial frameworks of research and policy development. Instead, we are reclaiming our right to be who we are, and we are revitalizing our cultures through promotion and utilization of indigenous research methodologies and development of culturally-rooted policy. Though the response of researchers and policy-makers is not yet known, these developments will continue into the future due to the commitment and work of First Nations people.
Attitude to Health↗
The role of health education in public policy development.
Health educators should view policy development as a unit of professional practice analogous to the individual, the small group, the community, and the organization. The impact of policy on other units of practice and on people served by health educators is too great and the competition for scarce resources for health and human services is too keen to be disregarded. An increasingly active role in the policy process is, therefore, vital to the profession. Unfortunately, many health educators find an active role strange and lack guidelines for effective policy intervention. This paper attempts to mediate that situation. First a conceptual framework is offered. Operational definitions of important terms are given, including policy, public policy, social policy, health policy, and health education policy. A model of the policy development process is presented, detailing the purpose and dynamics of several steps: establishing problem awareness, setting goals and objectives, selecting a course of action, designing alternative courses of action, analyzing policy, assigning implementation responsibility, implementing, and evaluating. Then five categories of intervention strategies encompassing 16 individual suggested roles ranging from indirect influence to direct political involvement are presented. The categories are: acting as a source of policy information, providing technical assistance, organizing, influencing policymakers, and taking direct political action.
Consultants↗
A method for employee participation in the policy development process.
A method for policy development is described that permits employee participation at all levels within a mental health agency. This method is adaptable to a variety of organizational structures and does not require major administrative changes. It does require a commitment to participatory management and the belief that employees should be involved in the organizational change process. A step-by-step procedure is related, and guidelines for developing draft policies are offered.
Community Mental Health Centers↗
Health policy development in Lithuania.
The process of formulating a national health policy in Lithuania, a country in transition, has undergone several stages. Despite the existence of a national critical mass of professionals who understand the major principles of health policy development and who have a solid database to scientifically back the suggested decisions, and despite general acceptance by the public of the broader dimensions of health, the actual process of developing health policy is still facing considerable difficulty. Many factors obstruct this process, such as the inflexibility and resistance of the medical profession, traditions from the previous health service model and an extremely difficult economic situation. Nevertheless, one of the most important factors is the frequent change of government and, subsequently, of ministers of health, which makes continuity difficult. Fortunately, however, in contrast to the political level, the health professionals involved in health policy development and implementation assure at least one level of this necessary continuity. As a result of continuous efforts by the Health Reform Management Group and research and education institutions, and with the constant support of WHO, a policy and strategy for health for all continues to be developed, and the groundwork is being laid for improved dialogue and participation.
Cooperative Behavior↗
Security policy development for Healthcare Information Systems.
In this paper the issue of security policy development for health information systems is addressed. Security policy development involves the definition of the policy content, the analysis of the social, organisational, and technical contexts, as well as the organisation of the policy development process. We present the structure of security policies, analyse the characteristics of the HIS context, and analyse the different categories of methodologies, which can be used towards this end.
Computer Security↗
Theatre as a public engagement tool for health-policy development.
PURPOSE: To explore theatre as a public engagement tool for health-policy development. BACKGROUND: In a justice-based democracy, engagement of a large number of citizens of diverse perspectives is required for legitimate health-policy development. However, all current strategies of citizen participation are limited in their capacity to engage, either by lack of opportunity to educate citizens prior to soliciting their opinions or lack of large numbers of citizens. METHODS: A series of 12 nested case studies was conducted, with each case study consisting of a performance of a 70-min play, specifically written to educate citizens to scientific, clinical, and psychosocial issues of adult predictive genetic testing, and to foster empathy for persons immersed therein; and a 1-h audience discussion that was taped and transcribed for qualitative analysis (modified thematic). The script was based on key informant interviews, literature review, and six script readings for key informants and communities. Audience members were recruited through conference or educational event programs, posters, newsletters, and electronic announcements, as well as newspaper advertisements and other public, community and institutional postings. RESULTS: More than 1,000 citizens were engaged. The analysis indicated that audience members were engaged emotionally and cognitively in the position of the characters and the health-policy issues. Audience members' comments forwarded from personal or professional lived experience confirmed the validity of the script and promoted further emotional and cognitive engagement of other audience members. Audience members offered informed and diverse opinions on policy issues, including resource allocation, patenting of genetic tests, research funding, genetic test-based insurance discrimination, and imperative for public education. The potential for harm to key informants and audience members (and those in relationships with them) were observed, usually related to learning or offering personal information regarding their genetic risk. CONCLUSION: As many citizens can be engaged in theatre-based policy development as surveyed through public opinion polls, and many times the number that can be engaged in strategies that educate citizens prior to soliciting their opinions, likely at a similar cost per citizen engaged.
Community Participation↗
Mental health policy development: case study of Cambodia.
OBJECTIVE: To identify key issues in the mental health policy development process in Cambodia that will contribute to an increased understanding of how mental health policy gets on the public policy agenda, how it stays there and why policy implementation fails or succeeds. The research was formative because mental health policy analysis is a young and newly emerging discipline. METHOD: A retrospective case study methodology was used to research the development of the draft Cambodian Mental Health Plan 2003-2022. Ten key informants involved in the policy development process were interviewed using a semistructured questionnaire designed to collect qualitative data about the policy formation process, stakeholders and context. RESULTS: The research identified key issues influencing mental health policy development. These are the need to include the Ministry of Health (MoH) in the development of mental health plans; the significance of timing; the usefulness of mental health plans; the impact of the post-conflict context on policy development; and the evolution of stakeholder groups and their need to learn how to debate the merits of mental health reform. CONCLUSIONS: The findings are formative given methodology limitations. However, important insight is provided into the dynamics of the policy development processes that occurred in Cambodia. This allows the generation of important hypotheses for future mental health policy process research in both Cambodia and other post-conflict developing countries.
Cambodia↗
A survey of tuberculosis control programs in seventeen Minnesota hospitals: implications for policy development.
BACKGROUND: Generation of proposed policies directed at interrupting the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resulted in a need for data establishing health care worker (HCW) tuberculosis (TB) transmission risk and control programs that were in place before 1992. METHODS: A voluntary sample of 18 Minnesota health care facilities was surveyed retrospectively for the years 1989 to 1991. The survey was designed to establish the frequency of positive tuberculin skin test (TST) results, the rate of positive results during routine screening, the incidence of positive TST results identified through exposure follow-up, the type of respiratory protection (mask) used, and ventilation patterns of TB isolation rooms. The TST testing program, including name of product used, method of application, and reading/documentation behaviors, was requested. RESULTS: Data were analyzed from 17 hospitals (one long-term facility was deleted). Three hospitals screened all HCWs annually; the remaining hospitals screened HCWs at varying intervals. Forty-eight positive TST results were identified in routine screening. The rate per 10,000 HCWs screened was 5.8 in 1989; 15.9 in 1990; and 14.8 in 1991. An upward trend was noted in positive TST results only in metropolitan teaching/public hospitals. Intercomparisons of TST screening data demonstrated that employees located in Greater Minnesota were more likely to have positive TST results than employees at facilities in the metropolitan area. Hospitals in Greater Minnesota were more likely than metropolitan area hospitals to use tuberculin skin test material. HCWs screened with tuberculin purified protein derivative were more likely to have positive test results than HCWs screened with tuberculin purified protein derivative. Unisolated patients with communicable TB accounted for 445 patient days of probable risk of exposure for HCWs, without demonstration of a trend by calendar year. There were a total of 33 exposure events. Ten of 1031 HCWs screened after an exposure event were declared to be TST positive, for an overall conversion rate of 9.7 per 1000 employees screened. All hospitals used surgical masks for respiratory protection. Seventy-six percent of the hospitals had isolation rooms with negative ventilation; 12% reported isolation rooms with neutral pressure. CONCLUSION: The practice in Minnesota hospitals surveyed was reasonably consistent with the critical elements defined in the 1990 CDC guidelines for an effective TB control program. The rate of positive TST results was low, with programs in place before 1992. Unified TST programs permitting evaluation of programs are endorsed. Respiratory protection should be protective, not excessive. Engineering controls of isolation rooms should be ensured. Policy development should be driven by the prevalence and incidence of disease in the HCW's place of employment.
Adult↗
An activist looks at nursing's role in health policy development.
Health care delivery systems are evolving and transforming rapidly. Nurses will need new leadership and policy skills to meet the challenge of ensuring patient care safety and quality health care delivery. Nurses bring a unique perspective to health care policy development because of their educational training, professional values and ethics, advocacy skills, and experiential background. Significant progress has occurred over the years toward advancing nursing's presence, role, and influence in the development of health care policy. However, more nurses need to learn how to identify issues strategically; work with decision makers; understand who holds the power in the workplace, communities, state and federal level organizations; and understand who controls the resources for health care services. In health care policy development, nurses are essential in ensuring quality health care that is accessible and affordable for all women and their infants. More nurses need to actively work as leaders in the health policy arena.
Health Policy↗
The abnormal distribution of development: policies for southern women and children.
This paper offers a feminist critique of the relationships between gender and development by exploring the intersections between three sets of debates: firstly, the relations between interventions for women and for children through the anomalous position accorded to 'the girl child' in aid and development policies; secondly, the relations between psychological and economic models of development; and thirdly, the gendered and geographical allocation of attributes and opportunities. Drawing on analyses of the 'psychological complex' the author suggests that the cultural resources that inform developmental psychological models are highly cultural and class-specific (white, middle class, of the northern hemisphere), giving rise to a globalization of development that is reinscribed within international aid and development policies. In homogenizing difference to its norms, this globalization paradoxically reproduces the north-south opposition as an expression of cultural and political imperialism. While northern children 'develop', dominant discourses of children of the South are preoccupied with 'survival'. By such means the cultural hegemony of a unitary psychology remains intact. This paper discusses the 'abnormal distribution' of development to draw attention to the ways cultural and gender inequalities flow from the norms and generalized descriptions central to the current practice of developmental psychology and to urge that this is an important site of intervention for feminists addressing gender and development issues.
Adolescent↗
Developing policies and procedures.
The development of policies and procedures is an integral part of the occupational health nurse's role. Policies and procedures serve as the foundation for the occupational health service and are based on its vision, mission, culture, and values. The design and layout selected for the policies and procedures should be simple, consistent, and easy to use. The same format should be used for all existing and new policies and procedures. Policies and procedures should be reviewed periodically based on a specified time frame (i.e., annually). However, some policies may require a more frequent review if they involve rapidly changing external standards, ethical issues, or emerging exposures.
Clinical Protocols↗
Teaching the public health core competency of policy development to baccalaureate student nurses.
Teaching the public health core competency of policy development to baccalaureate student nurses was the purpose of this project. This project was implemented through interdisciplinary collaboration of one innovative state health district and the faculty of a large, urban university. Through education in the core competency of policy development, attention to one county's assessed health needs was introduced to its county board of health with the goal of influencing health policy regarding those needs. Data obtained have continued to be used by this county in health planning and grant writing activities and have been built upon by other student groups.
Community Health Services↗
The analysis of policy: understanding the process of policy development.
A key question in addiction studies is why do governments not readily adopt policies that research shows to be effective in reducing harm? In this paper, it is argued that policy development can best be understood as a political activity, which is not necessarily scientific. A descriptive model of policy analysis is illustrated by case examples from alcohol and tobacco policy arenas. By understanding policy development as a process, it is suggested that policy advocates can match their strategies to the stages of the process, and thus raise the probability that the advocated policy will be adopted.
Alcohol Drinking↗