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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Cosmetics, the consumer, the factory worker and the occupational physician. Suggestions concerning ways to determine untoward dermatologic effects of cosmetics.

Methods for investigating contact eczematous patients and for measuring the sensitizing potential of various substances are well known and in general, sufficiently effective. This is not true for irritant dermatitis, or for possible (skin) irritant substances; moreover, cosmetics commonly do not contain acutely harmful ingredients. The use of various instrumental measurements (insensible H2O loss, CO2 release, electrical impedance, sweat rate) as indicators of the irritant potentials of substances is advocated. At the same time it is suggested that the factory physician actively investigate the workers in his factory, since these workers are exposed to known substances in known concentrations and combinations, possibly for extensive periods. This may prove to be part of a new role for him. A cosmetic may be one of several factors increasing impairment and only beyond a certain limit may this result in overt disease. Below that limit the health reserve is only partially depleted. Whether this is harmful to a person depends on other stresses, such as medicaments, work materials, other cosmetics and environmental chemicals. The effect of these must also be quantified. A model of these cumulative stresses and reactions is presented and discussed.

Cosmetics↗
PubMed1992

Crack hands: a dermatologic effect of smoking crack cocaine.

We have seen multiple cases of a characteristic skin lesion produced by smoking crack cocaine. We describe a typical case with photographs demonstrating multiple blackened hyperkeratotic lesions of the palmar aspects of the fingers and palm, some linear, some circular. These involve mostly the dominant hand and are caused by the heat of the glass cocaine pipe.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Dermatologic effects of two facial prosthesis materials in combination with glues].

Erythema is frequently observed in the region of contact between facial prostheses and the skin. In a large-scale study on the cutaneous tolerance of facial prosthesis materials, two prosthetic materials (glue and the solvent for the glue) were tested in the allergy test after Magnusson and Kligman (OECD). Only the solvent showed a moderately pronounced allergenic potential in the macroscopic assessment.

Adhesives↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of muscle-derived serum carbonic anhydrase III and myoglobin in dermatological patients: effects of isotretinoin treatment.

The serum levels of muscle-specific serum carbonic anhydrase III (S-CAIII) and myoglobin (S-Myo) were analyzed in various male dermatological patients of the same age. The mean levels of S-CAIII and S-Myo were essentially similar in patients with acne, psoriasis vulgaris, atopic eczema and tinea, suggesting that common dermatological diseases do not affect the serum levels of the muscle markers. Increased levels of S-CAIII, which is specific for skeletal muscle cells, were found in the acne patients who had been treated with isotretinoin. However, when S-CAIII and S-Myo were studied in 24 patients (16 males, 8 females) before and during isotretinoin treatment, no constant increases in these markers could be observed. When individual patients were followed for several months, transient increases or decreases could be observed. The changes in S-CAIII, or S-Myo, did not correlate with the dose of isotretinoin, nor with the duration of the treatment. The results suggest that systemic isotretinoin does not specifically affect skeletal or myocardial muscles. The increases in these markers observed in the course of dermatological diseases and isotretinoin treatment are obviously due to other factors, such as exercise.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Oxatomide: review of pharmacodynamic effects and clinical effects in dermatology].

Oxatomide is a new anti-allergy drug, derived from benzamidazole, which has shown original pharmacological properties at different stages of the degranulation of mastocytes and basophils, inhibition of the increase of intracellular calcium, inhibition of histamine release and of the synthesis of leukotrienes and prostaglandins. In addition, it has an antagonistic action on the histamine H1 receptors and inhibits the effects of serotonin and SRSA leukotrienes. Clinical trials have shown the clinical efficacy of oxatomide on chronic urticaria and atopic dermatitis, double blind against placebo. Also its action is quicker than certain reference molecules with which it was compared. The product seems to have excellent tolerance. Oxatomide is a molecule of which the pharmacological properties are coupled with clinical efficacy on allergic dermatoses.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effective topical dermatologic therapy.

Experienced dermatologists regularly use a great variety of topical dermatologic mixtures. Extemporaneously prepared medications are of great value in the treatment of those problems that fail to respond to the usually therapeutic commercially available products. These mixtures are also desirable in treating individuals in whom corticosteroid preparations were initially beneficial but were of less value with continued application. This article presents an accumulation of a quarter century of practical extemporaneously compounded dermatologic preparations.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1989

[Dermatologic manifestation of undesirable effects of drugs (excluding cytostatic drugs)].

Medications, consumed more and more frequently as a result of self-medication or prescribed under medical supervision, have multiple side effects, including dermatological ones. In fact, the latter represent the primary cause of drug intolerance. However, the diagnosis is not always made easily and is based upon standardized norms defined by pharmacology control centers. Fixed pigmented eruptions are the only erythema solely of drug-induced origin. Failure to recognize a drug-induced dermatological manifestation can be fatal if the drug is taken again, as in the case of toxic epidermal necrolysis.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1979

Comparisons of tolerability findings in international clinical trials.

This report summarizes tolerability results from over 30 000 patients treated with diclofenac in clinical trials in rheumatic and other indications in 21 countries. Comparative trials indicates that 75-150 mg daily of diclofenac is better tolerated than similar doses of indomethacin and 1.5-5 g daily of aspirin, and at least as well tolerated as 600-1200 mg of ibuprofen and 500 mg daily of naproxen. In general practice populations unwanted effects can be expected in about 18% of patients and will result in discontinuation in about 4%. Gastrointestinal disturbances were the most frequent unwanted effects with diclofenac, occurring in about 8% of patients. Mild CNS effects also occurred infrequently in about 1.5% and dermatological effects in about 1%; cardiovascular effects also occurred in about 1%. As over 80% of unwanted effects and all of the discontinuations for intolerability occurred in the first six months, the tolerability of diclofenac does not decrease with time.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of cutaneous risks of the Pill].

Despite the fact that about 150 millions women must have taken hormonal contraceptives all over the world since the 1960s, the risk/benefit ratio of this birth control method has yet not been reliably assessed. The side effects of the pill on the skin do not pertain, in general, to those (like thrombo-embolism or, perhaps, breast cancer) which might be life-threatening, but they are probably more frequent and may have a potential to alter the quality of life of women who use it. The aim of this paper is to review the dermatological effects of hormonal contraceptives from the point of view of everyday prescribing, with the emphasis on the quality of life of patients. The reported side effects of the pill are therefore classified according to their real or probable frequency, not to their severity or the theoretical importance of their mechanisms. As it would be unwise to speak of the risks without consideration for the benefits, an attempt is made to compare the dermatological safety profile of oral contraceptives to that of other birth control methods (barrier contraceptive methods, intrauterine devices, etc.) on the one hand; on the other hand, one insists upon the fact that the pill in itself may have health benefits, general (reduction in the incidence of some cancers) or dermatological (e. g. an effect on acne).

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Maximising safety when prescribing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Current knowledge on side-effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is reviewed. These occur most commonly in the gastro intestinal tract and include peptic ulceration and haemorrhage as well as effects on the small and large bowel. Renal effects with many manifestations are also increasingly described. Photosensitivity is the most common adverse dermatological effect. The role of various NSAIDs in causing asthma is now well recognised. Many less common side-effects occur, the most significant of which is marrow aplasia. Phenylbutazone and indomethacin are rarely but definitely associated with this, but other NSAIDs including ibuprofen are also suspected, but unproven, causes. A strategy for minimising side-effects is outlined. Where there is not a strong indication for use of an NSAID, local physical measures or a pure analgesic can be substituted. If an NSAID is really necessary, it is best to commence with a drug of lesser potency in the first instance, unless the patient is suffering from a severe inflammatory disorder. Indomethacin and piroxicam should be reserved for when other NSAIDs have not been effective. Patients who have a past or present history of peptic ulceration but still need to continue their NSAID therapy, should combine it with an anti-ulcer drug. In the case of younger patients a H2 receptor antagonist is the drug of first choice, whereas in the older patient a mucosal protective agent such as sucralfate is preferred. In the event of ulcer relapse, combination with a prostaglandin analogue is the next step. The growing awareness of side-effects with NSAIDs suggests that monitoring of patients commencing NSAIDs and on long-term treatment, should be increasingly practiced.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1977

Failure of hand disinfection with frequent hand washing: a need for prolonged field studies.

In a prolonged field trial a 4% chlorhexidine digluconate detergent scrub (Hibiscrub(R)), that had earlier proved to be an effective hand disinfectant, was studied in hospital wards. Finger tips were found to harbour more bacteria than the hand dorsum and the samples collected from them yielded more information on the bacteriological and dermatological effects of hand disinfectants in practice.In wards with a relatively low hand-washing frequency (less than 20 times in 8 hours) the bacteriological results resembled those obtained by in-use tests with volunteers. In the neonatal unit where the hand washing frequency was remarkably high, even occasionally over 100 times/8 h shift, an increase in the bacterial colony counts of the majority of the staff was recorded both before and after hand washing already after using the preparation for 1 week. Age, occupation and hand-washing frequency all correlated with the bacteriological results. Twenty-seven out of 37 persons complained of side effects such as wounds of finger tips and redness or heavy drying of the skin. Wounds, particularly on finger tips, resulted in the failure of disinfection. An increase in bacterial counts was sometimes noted without any dermatological or subjective changes. Drying of the skin was complained of less often when no increase in skin bacteria occurred.After the changeover of washing practice to a detergent followed by a rinse with spirit solution containing chlorhexidine and glycerol a decrease was recorded in the bacterial counts. It is concluded that more attention should be paid to long-term testing of hand washing and disinfection methods to ensure optimum final results in practice. It is obvious that the knowledge obtained from short time in-use testing cannot be applied to all conditions of use.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Pseudofolliculitis barbae. Medical consequences of interracial friction in the US Army.

Pseudofolliculitis barbae (PFB) is a minor disease affecting only, and almost all, blacks who shave. Because of a continued requirement by the US Army of clean shaven faces, significant interracial turmoil and animosity has been aroused. Unclear standards of care of the disease and haphazard policing of shaving habits led to a chaotic process with effective dermatologic care almost paralyzed by the hostile parties. Randomly approached lower-ranking enlistees and draftees are much more likely to complain about their disease, even if minor, and are more likely to refuse to shave and be unkempt even without permission to grow a beard (in contravention of Army regulations). Career black enlistees are likely to under-report the severity of their disease and not seek medical help, possibly because of fear of continuous harassment and inability to be promoted by their superiors. Lotion depilatories, or hair clippers, combined with routine lifting of ingrown hairs, are the most effective treatments, although complete cessation of shaving is first required.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1990

Topical cyclosporine administration in rabbits.

Cyclosporine (CyA) is a potent immunosuppressant, but possesses toxicities which prohibit its unrestricted dosing in patients. The topical administration of CyA could serve to localize the immunosuppressive effect, or could serve as an administration route for patients who cannot tolerate the oral route of administration. We evaluated the potential for transdermal delivery of cyclosporine in rabbits. We sensitized six rabbits to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), treated them topically with either 100 mg CyA or the vehicle, and repeated the DNCB skin testing at 15 and 28 days at the site of administration and at a distal site. In the CyA treated rabbits, significant increases in the suppression of the reaction to DNCB were observed from the control to the 15 day test, and from the 15 to the 28 day testing. Significant differences were also observed between reaction to DNCB at the site of CyA administration and at the distal site. While blood concentrations demonstrated slow and variable absorption of the topically administered CyA, concentrations greater than 1000 ng/ml were frequently observed in blood. We conclude that the local versus a systemic dermatologic effect of CyA can be achieved, and that high blood concentrations are present after topical CyA administration in this model.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1990

Cross-sectional study of platinum salts sensitization among precious metals refinery workers.

A cross-sectional medical evaluation was conducted to determine respiratory and dermatological effects of platinum salts sensitization among workers in a secondary refinery of precious metals. Fifteen of 107 current employees and eight (28%) of 29 former employees, who had been terminated from employment on average for 5 years because of respiratory symptoms, had positive skin reactivity to platinum salts. Platinum salts skin reactivity was significantly associated with average air concentrations of platinum salts in employees' present work area. Workers with positive platinum salts skin tests had significantly higher prevalences of reported rhinitis, asthma, and dermatitis than negative skin test workers. They also had increased bronchial response to cold air challenge and elevated levels of total serum IgE. Platinum salts sensitization was not associated with atopic tendency as measured by sensitivity to common aeroallergens, but was strongly associated with cigarette smoking status. The findings indicate that cigarette smoking may be a risk factor for the development of platinum salts allergy. The persistence of platinum salts sensitization and high prevalence of adverse health outcomes among former workers demonstrate the importance of regular medical monitoring so that sensitized workers can be removed from exposure before they develop long-term health problems.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Genital necrosis secondary to warfarin therapy.

Several adverse dermatologic effects have been reported with the use of warfarin. Among these is the rare complication of drug-induced necrosis. Approximately 150 cases had been reported by 1976, and a review of the literature since 1943 revealed only 4 reported cases of penile necrosis. We present the fifth case of genital necrosis reported with coumarin anticoagulants and the third such case associated with warfarin.

Humans↗