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Results for “Dermatitis, Irritant”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Irritant dermatitis, irritancy and its role in allergic contact dermatitis.

Irritant contact dermatitis is the clinical result of sufficient inflammation arising from release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from skin cells (principally keratinocytes) in response to (usually) chemical stimuli. Different clinical forms may arise. The three main pathophysiological changes seen are skin barrier disruption, epidermal cellular changes and cytokine release. An important role of irritancy in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) comes from earlier animal and human studies. Evidence is outlined which is consistent with a "danger model" of ACD rather than one based on a traditional "self-nonself" immune model. In such a model an antigenic signal will produce sensitization only in the presence of a danger signal; in the absence of a danger signal tolerance will occur. We propose that the danger signal in ACD is cytokine release from nonimmune skin cells (principally keratinocytes) and that both the antigenic and "danger" signals arises from the hapten.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevention of irritant dermatitis.

Irritant contact dermatitis is the most frequent cause of occupational hand eczema and results from undue environmental demands on the skin. Preventive measures to reduce the irritant stress to the skin is the best method of tackling this problem.

Dermatitis, Contact↗
PubMed1982

Immuno-allergological aspects of scabies. A comparative study of spontaneous blastogenesis in the dermal infiltrates of common and hyperkeratotic scabies, allergic contact dermatitis and irritant dermatitis.

By means of planimetric analysis and determination of 3H-thymidine labelling indices of mononuclear cells infiltrating the dermis, it has been suggested that the cellular arm of the immune system is activated after infestation of the human host's skin by the scabies mite. Subtle modifications of host-parasite relationships may explain why a single pathogenetic agent (i.e. the scabies mite) is able to evoke such a wide range of clinical lesions in the host.

Dermatitis, Contact↗
PubMed1991

Susceptibility of atopic dermatitis patients to irritant dermatitis caused by sodium lauryl sulphate.

Basal transepidermal water loss, skin thickness, blood flow and skin colour were examined before and after exposure of 28 patients with atopic dermatitis and 28 healthy controls to sodium lauryl sulphate. Transepidermal water loss was measured with an evaporimeter, skin thickness by ultrasound A-scanning, blood flow by laser Doppler flowmetry and skin colour by a chroma meter using the L*, a* and b* values, respectively. Patients with atopic dermatitis were found to have higher basal transepidermal water loss than controls (p less than 0.0001), and had an inclination towards an increased basal skin thickness (p = 0.056). No statistically significant differences were found with respect to basal blood flow or skin colour. The skin response to sodium lauryl sulphate was found to be statistically significantly increased in atopic patients compared with controls when evaluated by visual scoring and by increase in skin thickness, but not by increase in transepidermal water loss, blood flow or skin colour.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Pigmented and hyperkeratotic napkin dermatitis: a liquid detergent irritant dermatitis.

BACKGROUND: Napkin or diaper dermatitis (DD) is an inflammatory cutaneous eruption limited to the diaper area and common in the first 2 years of life. A number of clinical variants of DD have been identified. OBJECTIVE: We report a new variant of DD characterized by papyraceous skin, brownish discoloration and predilection for the depth of folds. METHODS: 15 infants and toddlers affected by this peculiar type of DD were evaluated regarding duration, localization, morphology and evolution of their dermatosis. RESULTS: This variant of DD was mainly confined to the depth of inguinal and gluteal folds and invariably associated with severe xerosis with papyraceous and glazed skin. The patients were healthy and asymptomatic and all laboratory investigations performed were normal. All patients were frequently changed and thoroughly washed with synthetic detergents with acid pH. DD improved rapidly with reduced frequency of washing and discontinuation of liquid detergents. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that this condition is a type of irritant contact dermatitis from excessive use of lipid acid detergents.

Dermatitis, Irritant↗
PubMed2002

[Occupational dermatitis: irritation or allergy?].

Occupational dermatitis is a very frequent subject of consultation, as much in general practice as in dermatology. The most frequently found pathologies are linked to environmental factors. In these cases, irritant dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis represent the majority of the cutaneous problems. Rigorous history taking associated with an attentive examination and a few investigations, essentially consisting of skin testing, form an incontestable tripod. The therapeutic approach, as much preventative as curative, can only be envisaged after having made a precise diagnosis, of which the conclusions should be pertinent and adapted to each patient presenting in consultation. In occupational disease, the distinction between irritant dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis is primordial.

Dermatitis, Allergic Contact↗
PubMed1994

Irritant dermatitis in the workplace.

Irritant contact dermatitis is the most frequent occupational skin disease resulting in considerable morbidity and economic losses to workers, employers, and insurers. This article reviews pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of irritant dermatitis at the workplace and stresses the importance of integrated preventive measures that must be implemented by companies and employees to achieve optimal efficacy.

Dermatitis, Irritant↗
PubMed1999

Successfully managing incontinence-related irritant dermatitis across the lifespan.

The management of irritant dermatitis caused by incontinence is not always an easy patient care problem to solve. A brief review of the literature demonstrated that irritant dermatitis from body fluids is either not an issue in the healthcare arena or that only a few individuals have recognized it as a healthcare concern. Many products are used to treat this type of dermatitis, yet this can be a very challenging problem for the clinician and painful problem for the patient. It is imperative for healthcare providers to be aware of the effects of stool and urine on the skin, how products interact with body waste, and how to manage this problem properly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Chronic, irritant contact dermatitis: mechanisms, variables, and differentiation from other forms of contact dermatitis.

Irritant dermatitis is an eczematous reaction to toxic chemicals contacting the skin. The mechanisms by which various chemicals elicit dermatitis are multiple. Strong irritants quickly elicit signs and symptoms of dermatitis, but weak irritants may not. Chronic cumulative exposure to weak irritants can elicit dermatitis which may mimic allergic contact dermatitis and mislead the physician and patient with respect to cause and preventative strategy. The skins of different people vary in susceptibilities to irritation. Susceptibility is also influenced by chemical properties, vehicles, concentrations, amounts applied to the skin surface, surface area, regional variations, length of exposure, method of exposure, age, sex, race, genetic background, environmental factors, hardening, concomitant disease, and the excited skin syndrome as well as treatment. Patch testing can help distinguish between allergens and irritants, but pitfalls may mislead.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1983

Dermal glycosaminoglycans characterise the primary irritant dermatitis in psoriatics and healthy individuals.

Primary irritant dermatitis includes an inflammatory process of connective tissue which is of general interest. For the first time this process has been characterised biochemically in humans by following the dermal changes in the concentration of hydroxyproline and four glycosaminoglycans. In healthy individuals (n = 7) and in psoriatics (n = 8) the changes were rather similar. Only dermatan sulphate showed a tendency towards an abnormal response in the psoriatics. In both groups the deviations from the pre-irritant condition clearly distinguished the response of irritant dermatitis from that of the wound healing process: (1) the concentration of hyaluronic acid decreased by the third day and remained so until by the sixth day, (2) after a decrease on the third day the concentration of dermatan sulphate returned to the initial value by the sixth day, (3 and 4) the concentration of chondroitin 4/6-sulphate and heparan sulphate increased continuously from the third to the sixth day, and (5) the concentration of hydroxyproline remained constant throughout the period of investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Moisturizer effect on irritant dermatitis: an overview.

Moisturizers are empirically used as prevention and treatment of surfactant and irritant dermatitis. Some products state they not only improve barrier function by providing moisturization but also create an environment optimal for healing. Yet, moisturizer clinical efficacy remains a topic of controversy. We reviewed publication from 1992 to 2006 that quantitatively examines moisturizer effectiveness, as an update of our prior overview, Zhai and Maibach in 1998 (2). We intuitively (in a testimonial sense) believe that moisturizers are sometimes effective for preventing and treating irritant dermatitis. However, moisturizer may not be broadly effective (8, 12) and may be relatively specific against certain acids, bases, hydrophilics, and lipophilics. We need to develop principles of what is formulated in moisturizers to improve efficacy; for this purpose, there is a need for experimental moisturizer models for comparative studies.

Dermatitis, Irritant↗
PubMed1998

Human barrier recovery after acute acetone perturbation: an irritant dermatitis model.

The efficacy of a topical agent in barrier recovery was evaluated after acetone-induced acute water loss barrier disruption in vivo in humans. The upper back of several volunteers was rubbed with acetone-soaked cotton balls until elevated rates of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) occurred (> 20 g/m2h, or greater). The topical agent was then applied to the acetone-treated skin sites once daily for 5 days. Resolution evaluation used TEWL measurements and the data were expressed as the percentage recovery in water barrier function. In comparison with placebo control the topical agent significantly enhanced barrier recovery, especially within the first 72 h (P < 0.05). This model offers a simple method of examining chemicals accelerating (or inhibiting) repair of this form of acute skin damage in man.

Acetone↗