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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Maternal depressive symptoms and depressive symptoms in adolescents.

The relationship between maternal depressive symptoms and rates of adolescent (15-16 years) depressive symptoms was studied in a birth cohort of 934 New Zealand children. There was a clear correlation between maternal depressive symptoms and subsequent depressive symptoms in adolescent females (r = .44) but no association (r = -.01) between maternal depressive symptoms and depressive symptoms in adolescent males. Subsequent analysis suggested that the correlation between maternal depression and depressive symptoms in adolescent females was largely explained by the associations of both measures with a series of social and contextual factors including social disadvantage, marital discord and family adversity. It is concluded that maternal depression is only associated with depression in adolescence insofar as maternal depression is associated with social disadvantage, marital discord or family adversity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

A population based twin study of sex differences in depressive symptoms.

Depressive symptoms reflect depressed mood over a relatively short period of time and are measured using symptom checklists such as the SCL-90. There is some evidence that depressive symptoms are associated with major depression (MD), which is a clinically diagnosed psychiatric illness. Genetic studies of depressive symptomatology suggest a role for genetic factors as well as unique environmental influences. While epidemiological research suggests that depressive symptoms may be influenced by sex-specific factors, few genetically informative findings support this result entirely. We used data from male and female same sex and opposite-sex twin pairs to assess the extent to which genetic, shared and unique environmental factors influence depressive symptoms. Furthermore, we tested for the presence of qualitative and quantitative sex differences in depressive symptoms. Our results suggest that similar to other studies, depressive symptomatology is moderately heritable (31%) with no evidence for shared environmental factors. Our best fitting model suggests that there are no qualitative or quantitative sex differences in depressive symptoms. Our analyses suggest that while there may be mean differences in the levels of depressive symptoms across sexes, the genetic and environmental factors that predispose males and females to depressive symptoms are not different.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Family and peer social support as specific correlates of adolescent depressive symptoms.

Depression models that emphasize the social environment have not been tested with adolescents and their specificity to depressive symptoms has not been demonstrated. In a study of 94 adolescent inpatients, distinctions were drawn between family and peer support to determine if these sources of support were differentially related to depression symptoms. Step-down multivariate multiple-regression analyses showed that depression symptoms were uniquely predicted by social relationship variables after accounting for the effects of anxiety and conduct disorder symptoms. Depression was negatively related to family and paternal support, but it was positively related to peer support. Furthermore, family and paternal support interacted with peer support in the prediction of depression. The results are consistent with the assertion that disturbances in important supportive attachments have special significance for the experience of depressive symptoms by adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative studies of psychological function in patients with advanced cancer--I. Self-reported depressive symptoms.

Depressive symptoms assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory were compared in 97 cancer patients, 66 next-of-kin of cancer patients, and 99 physically healthy persons who attempted suicide. Less than a fourth of the cancer patients and a fifth of their next-of-kin but over half of the psychiatric patients were moderately or severely depressed. The two patient groups were indistinguishable in somatic depressive symptoms, both scoring higher then the next-of-kin. The cancer patients and the next-of-kin were indistinguishable in nonsomatic (psychological) depressive symptoms, both scoring lower than the suicide attempters. Younger patients reported more nonsomatic symptoms than older ones. Beck scores and nearness to death were not associated in 57 cancer patients who expired. Vegetative depressive symptoms in cancer patients may reflect advanced disease, but nonsomatic symptoms should be reason for psychiatric consultation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Does literacy education improve symptoms of depression and self-efficacy in individuals with low literacy and depressive symptoms? A preliminary investigation.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Individuals with low literacy and symptoms of depression have greater improvement of depression symptoms when their treatment includes education to enhance literacy skills. The reason why literacy enhancement helps depression symptoms is unknown, but we hypothesize that it might be due to improved self-efficacy. We studied whether providing literacy education to individuals with both depression symptoms and limited literacy might improve their self-efficacy. METHODS: We studied 39 individuals enrolled in an adult literacy program and who, on further testing with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) had symptoms of depression. While they participated in the literacy program, we monitored their self-efficacy using the General Self Efficacy (GSE) scale, and also monitored the severity of depression symptoms with the PHQ-9. Changes in GSE and PHQ-9 scores from baseline were assessed with the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. RESULTS: Thirty-one (79.5%) subjects participated for 1 year. There was a significant increase in their self-efficacy (P = .019) and a significant decrease in depression symptoms (P < .002). CONCLUSION: The results of this preliminary study suggest that among persons with low literacy and symptoms of depression, depression symptoms lessen as self-efficacy scores improve during participation in adult basic literacy education.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Lower urinary tract symptoms and depressive symptoms in elderly men.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the impact of moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) on clinically significant depressive symptoms in elderly Chinese men aged 65 and above. METHODS: In a large prospective cohort of 2000 Chinese men aged 65 to 92 years of age in Hong Kong, the association between moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms and clinically relevant depressive symptoms was studied. After excluding men with prostate or bladder cancer or surgery, 1980 subjects provided response to a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and physical examination. A case-control analysis was performed, comparing subjects with clinically relevant depressive symptoms (cases) to those without depressive symptoms (controls). RESULTS: In multiple analyses adjusting for all factors that were shown to be significantly associated with having clinically relevant depressive symptoms in the initial bivariate analyses, being widowed, divorced or single were associated with increased risk of having clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Having a history of cardiac disease, being a current smoker and the use of corticosteroid were also associated with increased risk. Having moderate to severe LUTS was significantly associated with increased odds of having clinically relevant depressive symptoms (OR: 2.40; CI: 1.68-3.43) even after adjustment. LIMITATION: This study was cross-sectional and there were no clinician-based diagnostic interviews that were conducted to diagnose clinical depression and thus only clinically relevant depressive symptoms were assessed. CONCLUSIONS: In elderly men, moderate to severe LUTS are important public health problems that are associated with increased risk of having clinically relevant depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that physicians who deal with patients with moderate to severe LUTS should consider the psychological health of their patients as this population is at risk of having clinically relevant depressive symptoms.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1994

Prevalence of depressive symptoms and depressive disorder in primary care patients over 65 years of age.

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and depressive disorder (ICHPPC-2-defined) in patients over 65 years of age. A cross-sectional, partly two-phased, study was performed in general practices in The Netherlands. A total of 384 consecutive patients aged 65 and above, 116 men and 268 women were included, both during practice visits and home visits. Depressive symptoms were recorded with the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale, the Geriatric Depression Scale, and with physician ratings. Assessments of depressive disorder were based on an adaptation of interview ratings with the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale. The proportion of patients considered to have depressive symptoms ranged from 11 to 29% of patients, depending on the self-report instrument and the cut-off point. According to interviews a depressive disorder was estimated to be present in 17%. The high prevalence of depressive symptoms and depressive disorder suggest a higher index of suspicion of depression in elderly general practice patients.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Behavioural inhibition, anxious symptoms, and depressive symptoms: a short-term prospective examination of a diathesis-stress model.

The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between behavioural inhibition (BI) and anxious symptoms within a diathesis-stress framework, using a short-term prospective design. In addition, we examined whether BI acts as a specific vulnerability to anxious symptoms, or as a common vulnerability to both anxious and depressive symptoms. At time 1, 384 children in grades 3 through 6 completed self-report measures of BI, anxious symptoms, and depressive symptoms. Six weeks later, they completed self-report measures of hassles, anxious symptoms, and depressive symptoms. Results demonstrated that children with high BI who experienced high levels of hassles during the 6-week follow-up interval showed increases in anxious symptoms, but not depressive symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of depressive symptoms and depression in patients with severe oxygen-dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

PURPOSE: To measure the prevalence rate of significant depressive symptoms and depression and examine their consequences on quality of life in patients with severe oxygen-dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: Between November 1997 and March 1998, the authors conducted a cross-sectional study among the COPD patients registered at the Quebec City area respiratory home care service. Depression and quality of life were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Medical Outcome Survey--Short Form 36 (SF-36). RESULTS: 109 patients (63 men; mean age: 71) with severe COPD (median FEV1: 34%) were surveyed. Of them, 105 were on long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT), which had been introduced (median) 19 months earlier. Sixty-two patients (57%; 95% Cl: 47-66) demonstrated significant depressive symptoms; in addition, 20 patients (18%; Cl: 12-27) were severely depressed. Only 6% of those patients who met the criteria for depression were taking an antidepressant drug. We found significant and moderate correlations between the scores obtained from the Geriatric Depression Scale and 7 of the 8 domains of the SF-36. CONCLUSION: Significant depressive symptoms and depression are highly prevalent in patients with severe COPD on LTOT. There is strong evidence that depression is under-recognized and under-treated in this group of patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[The family physician and depression in the elderly. A pilot study of prevalence of depressive symptoms and depression in the elderly in 2 family practices].

A pilot-study on the prevalence of depressive symptoms and GPs' assessment of depressed mood in elderly attenders of two general practices. The aim of this pilot was to gather information on both depressive symptoms and GP's' assessments of depressive mood in persons over 65 coming for a consultation in two general practices. To assess the prevalence of depressive symptomatology, 87 patients were asked to complete the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Six patients were identified as having depressive symptoms on the ZSDS and seven on the GDS. Information on GP's' assessments of depressive mood was gathered by asking GP's to what extent they thought patients had been depressed recently. With regard to patients identified by the GP's as being mildly or severely depressed, the GP's answered additional questions on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The GP's identified eleven out of 87 patients as being mildly depressed, nobody was classified as being severely depressed. Five out of six patients with a ZSDS score of 50 and higher were not identified by the GP's as being mildly depressed. The prevalence of depressive symptoms based on ZSDS-scores was somewhat lower than expected (7.5%).

Aged↗
PubMed2004

The neglected relationship between social interaction anxiety and hedonic deficits: differentiation from depressive symptoms.

Depressive symptoms are associated with both the presence of negative subjective experiences and relative absence of positive subjective experiences. A similar affective profile of high negative affect and low positive affect (PA) has been associated with excessive social anxiety (SA). This initial cross-sectional study evaluated the incremental effects of social interaction anxiety on hedonic deficits beyond the effects of depressive and anxiety (i.e., physiological arousal, worry) symptoms. From a sample of 97 college students, a factor analysis on self-report measures of hedonic functioning derived two domains: Positive Subjective Experiences and Curiosity. Social interaction anxiety was uniquely, negatively related to Positive Subjective Experiences and Curiosity after removing variance attributable to various depressive and anxiety symptoms. In contrast, anxious arousal and nonspecific anxiety had near-zero relationships with both domains, and depressive symptoms were negatively related to Positive Subjective Experiences. These data provide some evidence for an association between social interaction anxiety and hedonic deficits that is not attributable to covariance with other internalizing conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Primary and secondary affective disorder: Part III. Longitudinal differences in depression symptoms.

Depressed inpatients (29 primary and 31 secondary) were blindly rated at several time points on 137 depressive symptoms. Of the 7 high-frequency symptoms or symptom clusters analyzed, significantly greater symptom persistence was seen for secondary depressives on low mood, pessimism, change in usual interests, and suicidal ideation. Day-to-day variability in symptoms did not differ between groups. Scalability of symptoms (Guttman scales) was acceptable for primary but not secondary depressives. Suicidal ideation tended to be the first symptom to remit in primary depression but persisted in the secondary group, even after remission of the most severe symptom. Implications for treatment are discussed.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed2002

Gender differences of depressive symptoms in depressed and nondepressed elderly persons.

OBJECTIVES: Women suffer more frequently from major depression and depressive symptoms than men. The somatic and the atypical subtype of depression seem to be more prevalent in women. However, few studies investigated gender differences of depressive symptoms in the elderly. These gender differences in the elderly will be investigated in the present study. METHODS: In the course of a family study 236 subjects with a lifetime diagnosis of major depression aged > 50 years and 357 control subjects from the general population matched for age and gender were questioned using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Chi-square tests were used to compare the individual depressive symptoms between men and women and logistic regression analyses were performed to account for the subjects' age, cognitive performance, family and employment status. RESULTS: Women in the general population suffered from more depressive symptoms than men and had more appetite disturbance and joylessness. These gender differences could be entirely explained by gender differences in the family and the employment status. Men and women with a major depressive disorder presented with a distinct profile of symptoms that could not be explained by psychosocial factors: elderly depressed women presented with more appetite disturbances and elderly depressed men with more agitation. CONCLUSION: Major depression in the elderly presents with partially different symptoms in men and women. The results suggest that the gender differences in the symptoms of major depression in the elderly reflect gender differences in the perception and the expression of depressive syndromes.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Depressive symptoms and depressive diagnoses in a community population. Use of a new procedure for analysis of psychiatric classification.

A multivariate classification technique was used to examine whether depressive symptoms and symptoms frequently associated with depressive disorders would cluster into recognizable syndromes that parallel traditional DSM-III psychiatric diagnoses. An analysis was made of all respondents in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) project of the Piedmont region of North Carolina who reported suffering from depressive symptoms (n = 406) at the second wave of the ECA study. The analysis identified five profiles of symptoms that adequately described the interrelationships of the symptoms as reported in the population. One profile included a set of symptoms nearly identical to the symptoms associated with the DSM-III classification of major depression. Other depressive syndromes emerged and included a premenstrual syndrome among younger women and a mixed anxiety/depression syndrome. The existence of these other depressive syndromes may explain the present discrepancy in the epidemiologic literature between a high prevalence of depressive symptoms and a low prevalence of traditional depressive diagnoses in community populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Core beliefs and the presence or absence of eating disorder symptoms and depressive symptoms in adolescent girls.

OBJECTIVE: Core beliefs specific to eating disorder and depressive symptoms were investigated in four groups of adolescent girls well matched on these symptoms. METHOD: A total of 272 girls were included and two measures of core beliefs were compared. The measures were the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ) and the Negative Self-Beliefs subscale of the Eating Disorder Belief Questionnaire (EDBQ). RESULTS: One-way analyses of variance found that both measures distinguished a "healthy" group and a group high on depressed symptoms, but not one high on eating disorder symptoms. Both measures also distinguished the unhealthy group from a high eating disorder symptom group, but only the EDBQ subscale distinguished this group from the group high on depressive symptoms. Discriminant function analysis indicated that both measures identified beliefs specific to depression but only the EDBQ subscale was able to identify beliefs specific to eating disorder symptoms. These beliefs were I'm stupid and I'm ugly. DISCUSSION: In an analogue population at least, the EDBQ negative self-beliefs subscale may be a more sensitive measure of eating disorder related core beliefs than the YSQ. The practical difficulties of replicating the current study in a clinical population are discussed, and a next step is proposed for future research on this topic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Depressive symptoms and depression among elderly people in Athens.

A total of 251 elderly residents of 2 boroughs of greater Athens were examined by a psychiatrist. For the assessment of depressive symptoms, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale was used. Cognitive functioning was also evaluated. The prevalence of affective disorders of any type was estimated by a clinical examination with a semistructured psychiatric interview (PEF) supplemented by DSM-III criteria. A total of 27.1% of the elderly respondents reported a significant number of dysphoric or depressive symptoms and were identified as depressed cases. Respondents who had lower socioeconomic status, were widowed, were experiencing stressful life events or were living alone exhibited a significant degree of depressive psychopathology. An association between depressed mood and cognitive impairment was also found. A total of 9.5% of the sample was diagnosed as suffering from any type of affective disorder (1.6% major depression, 0.6% bipolar, 5.5% dysthymic disorder and 2.0% adjustment disorder with depressed mood). Affective disorders constitute nearly half of the total number of psychiatric diagnoses (20.3% at the sample). It is interesting that, of the 27.1% of the sample with depressed mood (> or = 16 score on CES-D Scale), only 9.5% of the sample were diagnosed as suffering from clinical types of depression.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Relation between irritable bowel syndrome symptoms and depressive symptoms in hospitalized patients].

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and depression are frequent disorders in medical practice. There is a high frequency of psychiatric diagnosis in IBS. The objectives of this study are to describe prevalences of lower gastrointestinal symptoms (IBS) and of depressive symptoms on hospitalized patients in Arzobispo Loayza Hospital and to study the relationship between those symptoms. We did a transversal study of prevalence of lower gastrointestinal symptoms and of depressive symptoms and a case-control analysis to study the relationship between the already described symptoms. We interviewed 282 patients, and in every interview the Rome II criteria and Beck's self evaluation scale, were described. We found a 67.4% of cases with depressive symptoms and a 31.9% of IBS symptoms. There was found a significant association in 24.1% of patients between depressive and lower gastrointestinal symptoms (p<0.05). We conclude the depressive symptoms and lower gastrointestinal symptoms have a high frequency in hospitalized patients and that there is a significant association between them.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Depressive symptoms and depressive episodes in recently widowed older men.

Older widowers have high rates of completed suicide but have rarely been the subject of systematic inquiry. We investigated the prevalence of depressive symptoms and major depressive episodes (MDEs) in recently widowed older men over the first 13 months after bereavement. We employed a matched-pair longitudinal design and recruited subjects from a suburban community population. Fifty-seven recently widowed older men were identified from official death records and 57 matched married men were identified from the electoral roll. Subjects were assessed for the presence of current DSM-III-R MDEs using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), a fully structured psychiatric interview. Widowers were assessed at 6 weeks after bereavement (T1) and 13 months after bereavement (T2). Married men were assessed at similar intervals. At T1, seven widowers (12.3%) and no married men were found to have CIDI cases of current MDE. At T2, one widower (1.9%) and no married men were found to have CIDI cases of current MDE. Current MDE was not predicted by a past history of dysphoria. At T1, 14.0% (8/57) of widowers reported specific suicidal thoughts or actions. At T2, 15.4% (8/52) of widowers reported suicidal thoughts or actions. We conclude that health workers should monitor closely the clinical course of MDEs in recently widowed older men. Routine inquiry about suicidal ideation should be an essential component of the clinical assessment of recently widowed older men.

Aged↗