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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Meeting report: cellular dependence--old concept, new mechanisms.

Programmed cell death occurs in response to both the presence of various extracellular factors and the lack of specific factors. Receptors that can mediate cell death in the absence of ligand binding are called dependence receptors, and they were the topic of the meeting held during the summer of 2003 in Fondation des Treilles, France. Not only is progress being made in the identification of new dependence receptors, but the partners that carry out this "negative" signal are also coming to light. With several of the receptors implicated in various human developmental disorders or disease states, gaining an understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling dependence receptor-mediated cell death has clear clinical relevance.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[On what depends the dependence? Thoughts on the law establishing a specific subsidy of dependence in old age].

The dependency of elderly persons became recently an autonomous issue beside the problem of the pensions or the disability. We can explain this late apparition in the field of social policy by a strong attention paid to problems of the pensions and the lack of interest to the new concept of disability. But the main reason is the disagreement on two main questions. There is no common vision on the resources that the community must devote to help dependent people and their family. Moreover there is no agreement on the quality assurance of the services provided. The public debate for the first law was focused on the measure of the dependency and its budget. The second, in a context of growth of the number of dependent people, must integrate the need of support for an increasing number of families, and the condition for production of care of quality.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1988

Old age dependency in historical perspective.

In recent years much has been written about old age dependency and the need for greater emphasis on individual and familial responsibility for supporting elderly persons as opposed to state responsibility. We argue that old age dependency is not a new problem and that there was communal responsibility--as opposed to strictly privitized responsibility--for elderly persons in the past.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

The relationship between the cost of community care and the dependency of old people.

In this paper the relationship between resource use, costs and dependency is examined for a 'captured population' of old people living in the community but attending day hospital care. Dependency is measured using a Guttman (activities of daily living) based scale. Resource use is assigned by category of dependency and an opportunity cost methodology is used to estimate the cost of care. The results generally confirm that the overall cost of care increases with dependency, though there are exceptions to this trend when each component of care is analysed separately. For instance, not all elements of day hospital provision increase as dependency gets worse, as witnessed by the relatively low provision of paramedical care to old people in the highest category of dependency. The results also confirm that community care is not a cheap option. Once informal care is quantified and valued, the cost rises accordingly. Moreover, if persons living in the community are attending day hospital or have occasional in-patient stays in acute hospitals, costs will rise even more. This is not an argument against community care. Rather, it is to emphasize that while it may be better for some dependent old people to live at home it is not necessarily cheaper. This will come as no surprise to the many carers of old people whose work has rarely been satisfactorily taken into account in comparative analyses of the cost of care.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1997

Gender, the state, and constructing the old as dependent: lessons from the economic transition in Poland.

To critically examine the notion of the old as a "burden" to society, we use a political economic and gender-sensitive approach to explore the impact of the economic transition in Poland on retirement. Poland is an especially useful case for analyzing ways that divergent political economies shape the aging experiences of men and women, as differences between the two systems cannot be attributed to cultural variations. Overall, we find that old-age dependence in Poland is not inevitable; it is not created in a uniform manner for men and women; and it is not passively accepted by the old. Further, by examining economic activities in general, we show that retired men and women have been and are critical to the viability of both economic systems, albeit in different ways.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

The impact of private residential and nursing care on statutory residential and hospital care of elderly people in south Belfast.

Dependency levels were compared in residents of private, voluntary and statutory residential homes, private nursing homes and patients in geriatric continuing-care wards in South Belfast. Dependency levels were least in private and voluntary residential homes, were similar in residential and private nursing homes, but were very much greater in the geriatric wards. Evidence of dementia was found in 23% of residents of voluntary homes, 35% of residents of private residential homes, 61% of residents of statutory residential homes, 54% of those in private nursing homes and 80% of patients in geriatric wards. Severe degrees of immobility and incontinence were commoner in nursing than in residential homes, but much commoner in geriatric wards. The number of private residential and nursing home places in the area studied has increased three- to five-fold since a previous survey in 1985. In this time, dependency levels, and frequencies of dementia, immobility and incontinence have increased in both statutory residential homes and geriatric continuing-care wards. It appears, therefore, that private residential and nursing homes take rather less dependent old people and that highly dependent old people are being concentrated in hospital.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1987

Perinatal retinal haemorrhages and development. Follow-up in seven year olds.

Depending on methods of delivery, 7-50% of all children are born with retinal haemorrhages (RH). To assess the prognostic value of extensive RH for the future development of the child, the ophthalmological, neurological and psychological status of 52 children, 26 born with RH and 26 controls, were examined at the age of seven years. There were significant differences between the two groups using only psychological measures. Children with RH performed poorer than the control group, but the results did not point to any particular cerebral areas being affected. However, children with both RH and low socio-economic status were significantly less emotionally stable than the controls. Socio-economic factors also seem to be more highly correlated with later performance than do RH.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Reframing dependence in old age: a positive transition for families.

This article re-evaluates the role of dependence in late-life development using concepts drawn from psychology, sociology, social work, gerontology, and scholarship on women's development. A perspective of old age as a time of continued, positive growth and change is proposed. Dependence is not a marker of decline and deterioration, but a necessary development for mutual growth and enhancement of late-life family reciprocity. Accepting dependence helps an older person maintain his or her competence, autonomy, and self-esteem. The process of dependence as growth promoting is discussed and illustrated with case examples.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

The reduction of protein intake observed in old rats depends on the type of protein.

Previous experiments have shown in Lou/c/jall rats growing old a deleterious reduction of protein intake, which occurs earlier in males than in females. We previously showed that this decrease could not be attributed to a loss of regulation of protein intake with age. Present studies were designed to investigate if the age-related decrease of protein intake was dependent on the type of protein used. In a first sectional study, adult, middle and old-aged Lou/c/jall rats were submitted to a self-selection procedure. They were fed successively with casein, whey protein and fish flour as protein. In a second longitudinal study, self-selected males and females were tested each 4 months (at 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23 and 27 months of age) with only casein and whey protein as protein. In the two experiments, the type of dietary protein had an influence on the protein intake: when casein is offered, the well-established decrease in protein consumption was seen after 15 months of age in male groups. The introduction of whey protein induced maintenance of protein intake in old male groups at the level of female's protein intake. Moreover, young females showed an obvious preference for casein versus whey protein. This preference disappeared in old ages. These data showed that casein, even if it was an appropriate protein for young animals, could become inadequate for old animals and could result in a protein aversion in old rats. On the contrary, whey protein seemed to be a more appropriate protein than casein for old rats.

Aging↗
PubMed2003

LPS fever in old rats depends on the ambient temperature.

In earlier work, we found that following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 23 degrees C, old rats developed blunted fevers compared with those of young rats. However, the old rats did become febrile if placed in a thermally graded alleyway: they spent more time in the warm end of the gradient and developed a significantly higher body temperature (Tb) than they did following saline injections. In the present experiments, we maintained old and young rats for 3 days at 20 or 31 degrees C (the Ta preferred by the old rats given LPS). After LPS (50 microg/kg ip), the young rats developed equivalent fevers at both Ta's. The old rats developed fevers that were equivalent to those of the young rats at 31 degrees C. At 20 degrees C, their fever was significantly lower. These results suggest that Ta plays a decisive role in the ability of old rats to mount febrile responses.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

[Health status of 11- year old pupils depending on their school maturity determined at the age of 6 years].

The results of follow-up studies in 323 children, examined by extended health balance method in 1977 and 1981 are prescuted. In repeated examination of 11-year old pupils health status changes during the first years of school were analysed, depending on their school maturity groups in the I examination at the age of 6 years. Increasing number of disorders in children's health status both in the group with full and partial school maturity was observed. The incidence of these disorders, was however significant in the group with partial school maturity.

Child↗
PubMed2006

Mental performance in old age dependent on cortisol and genetic variance in the mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors.

Depression and cognitive decline have been associated with changes in circulating cortisol concentrations. Cortisol exerts its functions through mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors. However, data on the influence of variations in the MR and GR genes on depressive symptoms and cognitive functioning in older adults are scarce. Therefore, we explored the impact of MR-215G/C, MR-I180V, GR-ER22/23EK, GR-N363S, and GR-BclI polymorphisms on these end points in the population-based Leiden 85-plus Study. This prospective study includes 563 participants aged 85 years and older, with a mean follow-up of 4.2 years. In this study, high morning cortisol levels (per 1 SD cortisol) associated with impairments in global cognitive functioning (p=0.002) at baseline (age 85). These impairments were mainly attributable to lower attention (p=0.057) and slower processing speed (p=0.014). Similar effects were also observed during follow-up (age 85-90), where participants with higher cortisol levels (per 1 SD cortisol) had impaired global cognitive functioning (p=0.003), as well as impairments in attention (p=0.034) and processing speed (p=0.013). Changes in depressive symptoms were observed for the MR-I180V single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), where during follow-up the prevalence of depressive symptoms was higher in the 180V-allele carriers (p=0.049) compared to noncarriers. Dependent on these polymorphisms, no differences in overall and in specific domains of cognitive functioning were observed. In conclusion, the MR-I180V SNP has a specific effect on depressive symptoms, independent from cognitive functioning, and other polymorphisms in the MR and GR genes. In contrast, these genetic variants in the MR and GR genes do not influence cognitive functioning in old age.

Aged, 80 and over↗