About the Army Medical Department; the new Army and Air Force interns.
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Hospital Departments↗
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A survey of Army Medical Department personnel beliefs about domestic violence.
Army health care personnel play a key role in the Army's Family Advocacy Program, yet little is known about their beliefs toward domestic violence. This study surveyed the beliefs of selected Army Medical Department personnel concerning the extent, nature, causes, and management of spouse abuse. The study suggests that Army Medical Department personnel would benefit from short courses designed to increase their information about spouse abuse, prevention, identification, education, and intervention procedures.
Adolescent↗
The clinical nurse specialist role in the Army Medical Department.
Although clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) have been in the Army Medical Department for more than 10 years, there are no reports in the literature regarding role implementation for them. In this study, a survey of all practicing CNSs in the Army Medical Department (AMEDD) and their supervisors was conducted with the purpose of defining their perceived role and the value placed on it by their supervisors. The results showed that the study population (n = 52) has implemented the role with all components (practice, education, consultation, administration, and research) considered important by them. Further, 85% of the CNSs report positive job satisfaction, and 67% believe they have reached role maturation. Their supervisors were equally or more positive about the importance of the role, and all (n = 26) felt it must be maintained despite budget constraints and nursing shortages. Findings were that CNSs experience role satisfaction, have achieved role maturation, and are valued by their supervisors within the AMEDD.
Adult↗
Post-Peninsular War activities of Sir James McGrigor (1771-1858), Wellington's Director-General of the Army Medical Department.
James McGrigor (1771-1858) entered the Army Medical Department in September 1793, when he purchased a Surgeoncy in De Burgh's regiment. He transferred to the Blues (the Royal Horse Guards) in 1804 and shortly afterwards his organizational skills were recognized by the Duke of York. In 1811, he recommended McGrigor to Wellington, who commanded the British Forces in the Peninsula, and McGrigor joined Wellington in January 1812. As a result of his outstanding achievements during the Peninsular War, McGrigor was knighted in 1814. He later played a critical role in the post-Peninsular War Army by elevating the academic standard of the intake of medical officers as well as improving the standard of those who wished to gain promotion in the service. He established an extensive Anatomy, Pathology and Natural History Museum and the reference library at Fort Pitt at Chatham in Kent. He retired at the beginning of 1851, and died in London in April 1858, aged 87. In 1863, the museum collections were moved initially to the Army Medical School at Netley. At a later date these collections were dispersed and their present whereabouts are unknown. A significant proportion of his library is presently located in the Contemporary Medical Archives Centre on permanent loan in the library of the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine.
Education, Medical↗
The development of HIV research laboratories in the Royal Thai Army Medical Department.
The development of HIV research laboratories at the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Royal Thai Army Medical Department in supporting of HIV-1 vaccine trials in Thailand was implemented in 1991. The collaboration between AFRIMS, Royal Thai Army Medical Department, and the US Military HIV Research Program with the ultimate goal to conduct the HIV-1 vaccine trial phase III. The HIV serology lab was set up for surveillance program in military recruits. Then, there was a need to strengthen more on the existing laboratories by training personnel to cope with the confidentiality of the lab results, specimen processing and data management which are critical. Later on, the necessary laboratory for measuring of vaccine immunogenicity was developed, such as lymphoproliferation assay. Additionally, a molecular biology lab was also developed. The HIV research laboratory management must include an ability to deal with some problems, such as late specimen receiving, fluctuating of power supply, technical staffs maintained. Good laboratory practices and safety must be strictly implemented. Communication network among facilities also played an important role in HIV laboratory strengthening at AFRIMS.
Academies and Institutes↗
Using an integrated measurement system as a common language: lessons from the U.S. Army medical department.
The Process of developing an integrated measurement system for the U.S. Army Medical Department (AMEDD) is examined in this study. A fundamental issue is whether the measures of performance accumulated by any information system are the correct ones and whether these measures appropriately reflect managers' decision making. Measurement is proposed as a solution to performance barriers. The four steps involved in building the AMEDD integrated measurement system (IMS) model are set out. Strategy is explored as the key input to the IMS model. An activity-based management (ABM) model that can support the required IMS cost-based measures is also described and the interrelationship between the two models is illustrated. The key test for application of the IMS model will be whether linking strategy and measurement results in information that improves decision making.
Benchmarking↗
Department of Army lymphocyte immunophenotyping quality assurance program.
With the emergence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, lymphocyte immunophenotyping has become the single most important laboratory test for clinical management of HIV-infected subjects. To meet this challenge, the department of Army instituted a multicenter lymphocyte immunophenotyping quality assurance (QA) program in March 1986. An integral part of the QA program has been the development of a monthly proficiency testing program to survey the degree of precision and reproducibility of lymphocyte subset determinations within the Army. After 15 months of proficiency testing, the multicenter cumulative average standard deviation for the percentage of positive CD2 was 3.3, CD3 was 4.4, CD4 was 3.3, CD8 was 3.6, CD8*CD3 was 2.8, CD19/20 was 2.9, and 3.0 for natural killer (NK) cells. The cumulative average coefficient of variation for the percentage of positive CD2 was 3.9%, CD3 was 4.9%, CD4 was 6.6%, CD8 was 11.4%, CD8*CD3 was 9.4%, CD19/20 was 18.8%, and 26.5% for NK. Five survey shipments were also shipped to an additional 49 laboratories outside the Department of Army. The difference of the mean Army percentage positive values from the mean overall percentage positive values ranged from zero to 9.6, with an average difference of 1.6. The interlaboratory variability of flow cytometrically-derived percentage values presented in this report are almost half that cited by other multicenter lymphocyte comparative studies.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Clinical case management in the Army medical department.
Clinical case management is a system that has the potential to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of health care delivery. Given this potential, the Army Medical Department (AMEDD) is examining this process as a means to achieve goals of quality care and cost effectiveness. In this article, the authors describe the concept of case management, the AMEDD system of clinical case management, the implementation of clinical case management in the AMEDD, and the role of the case manager.
Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
Roles of the Royal Thai Army Medical Department in supporting the country to fight against HIV/AIDS: 18 years of experience and success.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are global major public health problems and have a major impact on social and economic development. Thailand has been affected from HIV/AIDS epidemic since the first AIDS case was reported in 1984, making the cumulative number of reported AIDS cases more than 160,000 and estimated HIV-infected people more than 1,000,000 by the end of 2004 and more than 300,000 of them are dead. There has been a strong national response to this scourge by multi-sectoral cooperation and many evidences show Thailand's success in HIV/ AIDS control. The Royal Thai Army Medical Department has played an important role in supporting the country to fight against HIV/AIDS since 1987 by providing HIV/AIDS education to army personnel, families and civilians. It has established the sero-surveillance system in young Thai men entering the army since 1989 and behavioral surveillance system since 1991. The other important activities have been training of personnel, care and research, especially for an HIV vaccine. It facilitates the research that the army conscripts which represent young Thai men are used as samples. The experience of the RTA Medical Department and the civil-military alliance against HIV/AIDS of Thailand are good lessons for other developing countries to learn and adopt the strategies in the battle against HIV/AIDS.
Academic Medical Centers↗
19th-century academic examinations for physicians in the United States Army Medical Department.
During the latter half of the 19th century, the United States Army commissioned medical officers or hired civilian physicians to serve its troops. The civilian physician signed a contract for services, and the candidate for a commission was subjected to rigorous examinations before becoming an officer. The rigorous testing of prospective medical officers was necessary because of the lack of standardization in the education of physicians. Examples of the test, statistics, and individual records show how the Army dealt with unqualified candidates.
Education, Medical↗
A survey of Army medical department reserve personnel mobilized in support of Operation Desert Storm.
Surveys from 3,930 Army medical reservists mobilized in support of the Health Services Command mission during Operation Desert Shield/Storm were collected as units were demobilized from April to June, 1991. A survey questionnaire addressed questions related to factors associated with mobilization and intentions to remain in or leave reserve service after demobilization. Results were grouped according to rank, years of service, occupational specialty, and reserve category. Survey items used 6-point Likert scales to rate 38 items. Stepwise multiple regression models were developed to predict criterion items.
Attitude of Health Personnel↗
The United States Army Medical Department in low-intensity conflict.
For 30 years, in rural Texas, rural Kentucky, and in the Army, I have observed a variety of efforts aimed at changing people's health. Recently I participated in one large effort (USNS MERCY), commanded a second (MED EL, JTF-Bravo, Honduras), was "neighbor" and visitor to a third (Medical Assistance Team in El Salvador), and had staff level interface with others (Ahuas Tara 88, Fuertes Caminos 88, and Special Operating Forces Humanitarian Assistance Team, all in Honduras). This article speaks to the philosophies which I believe drive, or should drive, these initiatives. Other articles will explore individual iterations.
History, 20th Century↗
Lamivudine prophylaxis for chemotherapy induced reactivation hepatitis B: a case report and review.
Reactivation hepatitis B as a result of chemotherapy induced immunosuppression is well documented in the medical literature. Complications range from anicteric hepatitis to fulminant hepatic failure and death. Although lamivudine has been successfully used to treat hepatitis B reactivation in cancer patients, its role as prophylaxis in these patients is less well defined. We describe successfully lamivudine prophylaxis of a patient with chronic hepatitis B undergoing chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). We support the position that lamivudine may play a significant role in the successful prevention of reactivation hepatitis B in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government.
Adult↗
[Medical officers--graduates from the Army Medical Department at the Kubyshev Medical Institute (on the 25th anniversary of graduation)].
The article is devoted to graduates from the army medical faculty with the Kuibyshev Medical Institute in 1979. The above faculty graduates service in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and at the Defence Ministry of the Republic of Belarus is briefly analysed.
Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
The Army Medical Department and the Civil War: historical lessons for current medical support.
With the resurgent interest in the operational level of war and the art of military campaigning, how the United States Army updates its combat service support doctrine could have a significant impact on future field medical support concepts. Historically, the Civil War provides important lessons that must not be forgotten by today's military medical leaders concerning casualty evacuation and its control during military campaigns. To prevent the repetition of earlier mistakes in future conflicts, military medical leaders must appreciate the painful lessons of war and actively communicate these lessons to the larger military community. This article provides some insight into that history and those lessons.
History, 19th Century↗
The surgical volumes of the history of the United States Army Medical Department in World War II. Introduction.
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Hospital Departments↗
The surgical volumes of the history of the United States Army Medical Department in World War II. The physiologic effects of wounds.
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Hospital Departments↗
The surgical volumes of the history of the United States Army Medical Department in World War II. Hand surgery.
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Hand↗