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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Deodorization of pig feces by actinomycetes.

Peg feces, a malodorous substance causing environmental pollution, were completely deodorized within 2 days by Streptomyces. The optimum conditions for deodorization were as follows: pH, 8.6 to 10; temperature, 35 to 40 degrees C; moisture content, 42 to 63%; and minimum amount of inoculum, 2 g of seed culture per 10 g of fresh feces. Many kinds of microorganisms were isolated from the deodorized feces, of which only actinomycetes were found to have the ability to deodorize. Two strains with strong deodorizing activity were identified as Streptomyces griseus and Streptomyces antibioticus. The low-molecular-weight fatty acids, which are the specific malodorous agents of pig feces, scarcely could be found in feces deodorized by the isolated strains. Chemical analysis showed that the deodorized feces are useful as manure.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Microflora in swine slurry as a parameter in determining the efficiency of deodorizing treatment. I. Continuous and discontinuous aeration treatment].

Liquid manure from the pig, fresh and stored, was treated by continuous and discontinuous aeration. The purpose was to achieve a biologically stabilized and deodorized organic material. The samples which were aerated intermittently had good decomposition rates for nitrogen compounds and even so good deodorization effects. In spite of a minimum of dissolved oxygen of appr. 0.2 mg/l, good deodorization could be achieved by intermittent aeration for 23 days. Simultaneous processes of nitrification and denitrification were observed in optimal aerated manure similar to activated sludge processes. On the other hand, significant shifts on the microflora could be shown, whereby the main part of the biota consists in the gramnegative, non fermentative organisms. In non-deodorized liquid manure, members of the genus Bacillus advanced in their growth rates. In addition to Alcaligenes-Pseudomonas organisms, the group of nonfermentative cocci (e. g. Moraxella spp., Paracoccus spp.) dominated. Their growth development during the treatment agreed very well with the results of decomposition and deodorization. The existence of Bifidobacterium and of Aerococcus in aerated pig slurry was not ascribed before.

Air↗
PubMed1977

Ecological effects of a deodorant and a plain soap upon human skin bacteria.

The effects of a commercial trichlorocarbanilide-containing deodorant soap and a commercial plain soap upon the cutaneous flora of individuals were compared. Using a cross-over design, 21 volunteers (10 women and 11 men) washed their forearms at least once a day with one soap for 3 weeks and then switched soaps for another 4 weeks use. By analysis of variance no significant difference in total colony counts was noted among individuals in their use of the two soaps. With the exception of individual variation, neither sequence of use, sex, nor any combination was influential. However, in 20 of 21 subjects an alteration in the composition of skin flora was observed. The deodorant soap, which in six cases increased total flora, tended to reduce or eliminate diphtheroids in 12 to 17 carriers (71%). Fewer kinds of bacteria were also noted. More Staphylococcus epidermidis was seen with the plain soap, but washing with the deodorant soap seemed to favour Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Micrococcus luteus. The impact of this alteration and the use of total counts to measure effectiveness of deodorant soaps were brought into question.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The effect of the guinea pig maximization protocol on the irritant response to deodorized kerosene - the excited skin syndrome.

Deodorized kerosene in a concentration of 50 g/100 g in pet. did not cause cutaneous inflammation in 10 control guinea pigs. The proportion of 19 guinea pigs exhibiting inflammation following exposure to deodorized kerosene in the guinea pig maximization test increased, but the increase was not significant. The response in a group of 40 animals, half exposed to tetraethyleneglycol diacrylate and half to nonylphenol polyethoxylate-6, increased (z = 3.505, p = 0,004). The inflammatory response was related to concentration in both groups of animals which exhibited inflammatory responses to deodorized kerosene. The relevance of this alteration and irritant response to the interpretation of predictive tests in animals for sensitization, routine patch testing and repeated insult contact dermatitis is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Effects of lamprey oil prepared under different deodorization conditions on serum lipids, reticuloendothelial system and antibody production in mice].

Fresh lamprey oil (F-La) is known to contain a large amount of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. When F-La was deodorized with steam at 280 degrees C and 1 mmHg for 1 h, the contents of EPA and DHA were reduced and unidentified peaks were detected by gas-liquid chromatography. In male ddY mice, one week feeding of the lamprey oil deodorized at 280 degrees C (H-La) remarkably decreased the serum triglyceride level and increased the liver weight 2.0-fold. H-La also lowered the corrected phagocytic index (alpha), which is an indicator of activities of reticuloendothelial system, but suppressed relatively little the antibody production against sheep red blood cells. It is suggested that H-La contains biologically active substances, which have potent hepatotoxic and serum triglyceride-reducing effects. This biologically active substances appear to be derived from long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids under thermal deodorization conditions.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antiperspirants and deodorants--ingredients and evaluation].

Antitranspirants and deodorants gain more and more interest. Aluminium chlorohydrate and aluminium zirkonium tetrachlorohydrate glycine complex are the most frequently used active ingredients in commercial antitranspirants today. Aluminium chloride and propantheline bromide, the anticholinergic substance, are important alternatives although less common. Active ingredients of deodorants are mainly perfumes or bactericidal/bacteriostatic substances, such as triclosan. In addition, there are substances which are meant to bind offending smells (e.g. zinc ricinoleate) or to influence the skin surface pH (e.g. triethyl citrate). As in the cosmetics industry in general, both safety and efficacy of a product are major parameters in the experimental and clinical evaluation. Establishment of efficacy is based on olfactory tests in model situations as well as on the detection of associated effects (e.g. influence on cutaneous microflora).

Astringents↗
PubMed1987

Antiperspirants and deodorants.

Since the introduction of the first commercial deodorant and antiperspirant, use of underarm products has assumed an increasing role in individual personal care habits. This paper reviews the physiology of human perspiration and describes the function and classification of antiperspirants and deodorants.

Astringents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Deodorant gaskets for colostomy patients].

The results of the experiments for the objective evaluation on a model system of the protective effect of deodorant gaskets on colostomy patients are given. It has been determined that the deodorant capacity of the above gaskets is more than two times higher than that of its "washer filter" analog manufactured by the foreign "Coloplast" company.

Colostomy↗
PubMed1977

[Detalocohol test following the use of deodorants].

The oral deodorants of Czechoslovak production (Dezodor spray, For men spray Carlotherm, Fluora, Herbadent, Polana, Stoma, Viskadon) have been demonstrated to contain 45 to 73.5 vol. per cent of ethylalcohol. After using such oral deodorants the tubes for detecting ethyl-alcohol in exspired air react for periods approximately 5 minutes. Similar results were also obtained by analysing the exspired air by gas chromatography.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1982

The role of depilation and deodorants in hidradenitis suppurativa.

Shaving and the use of chemical depilatories, deodorants, and talcum powder have been implicated in the initiation of hidradenitis suppurativa. This study compared the use of these agents in the axillae and puboinguinoperineal (hereinafter called the inguinal) region of 40 patients with hidradenitis, prior to the onset of the condition, with their use in normal age- and sex-matched controls. No significant differences in the application of shaving, chemical depilatories, or deodorants at either site in patients with hidradenitis as compared with the normal controls were demonstrated. In both male and female controls there was an increased application of talcum powder to the axillae and inguinal regions as compared with patients with hidradenitis prior to the onset of the condition. We conclude that these agents are not primarily involved in the initiation of hidradenitis suppurativa.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biological deodorization of dimethyl sulfide using different fabrics as the carriers of microorganisms.

Biological deodorization of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) was studied using nine unwoven fabrics as the carriers of microorganisms in a laboratory-scale deodorizing system. The activated carbon fabric FN-200CF-15 was the best packing material compared with other packing materials used, on the basis of removal rate. The maximum removal rate (Vm), evaluated by using Michaelis-Menten equation, was 2.28 g-S.kg-dry fab.-1.day-1 in this fabric biofilter. The critical load of DMS in this fabric biofilter was dependent on space velocity (SV), determined as 0.78 and 0.66 g-S.kg-dry fab.-1 at SV 100 and 150 h-1, respectively. Strain IM1 isolated from the carbon fabric FN-200CF-15 biofilter in modified Waksman (MW) medium successfully degraded DMS as well as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methanethiol (MT), and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) in batch test. The DMS removal rates (g-S.cell-1.h-1) by this strain measured in batch culture and calculated in FN-200CF-15 biofilter by the cell numbers appeared in MW medium were found almost equal, indicating that strain IM1 may be the dominant microorganism in this biofilter.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1985

Prolonged exposure to an odor or deodorized air alters the size of mitral cells in the olfactory bulb.

The size and distribution of mitral cells in the olfactory bulbs of rats were determined using a computer-assisted morphometric technique. Rats were reared from 2 weeks of age for 10 weeks in an animal colony, or in cages through which a stream of deodorized air or cyclohexanone vapor passed. Statistical analyses indicated that each treatment produced a different distribution of cell sizes in the coronal but not along the rostrocaudal plane of the bulb. The mean size of mitral cells in rats reared in deodorized air was substantially smaller than that of normal rats, and the mean length of their mitral cell layer in the coronal plane was less than in the other groups. Overall, these findings indicate that mitral cells which were of normal size in rats exposed to cyclohexanone had been stimulated by this odor. Cells which had not been stimulated by an odor in either of the experimental groups were smaller than normal and were degenerating or underdeveloped. The results also suggest that there are bands of mitral cells aligned along the rostrocaudal axis of the olfactory bulb which are responsive to specific odors and other evidence is presented which supports this view. The functional significance of exposure effects and their implications for the spatial coding of odor quality are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Effects of experimental Listeria monocytogenes infection on mice fed on lamprey or sardine oil prepared under high-temperature deodorization].

Fresh lamprey (F-La) or sardine (F-Sa) oil is known to contain a large amount of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. When F-La or F-Sa was deodorized with steam at 280 degrees C under 1 mmHg for 1 h (H-La and H-Sa, respectively), the contents of EPA and DHA were reduced and unidentified peaks were newly detected by gas-liquid chromatography. To know the biological influences of these high-temperature deodorized oils, the sterilizing function of the macrophage against Listeria monocytogenes was investigated in male ddY mice fed H-La or H-Sa. One week feeding of H-La or H-Sa lowered the LD50 values of the bacteria injected intravenously. Numbers of the viable bacteria on the day 3 after intravenous injection were about 10 times higher in the liver and 5 times higher in the spleen of mice fed H-La or H-Sa as compared with those of the control group. These results suggest that the sterilizing function of fixed macrophages both in the liver and the spleen was suppressed in mice fed H-La or H-Sa.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Microflora in swine slurry as a parameter in determining the efficiency of deodorizing treatment. II. Treatment with ammonium peroxydisulfate].

Fresh and stored liquid manure from the pig could be deodorized by addition of 2% (w/v) Ammonperoxodisulfate (= APS). This effect was accompanied by a rapid increase of the redox potential up to +400 mV, fluctuating oxygen contents of maximal 0.8 mg/l, a significant decrease of pH below 7.0, a complete decomposition of organic nitrogen compounds and a considerable increase of total nitrogen caused by APS-addition. After 20 days, odour production could be noted again in the fresh slurry sample. It is assumed, that this effect is due to a population of yeasts, vigorously grown up towards the end of the test. The stored slurry sample was shown to be stable with respect to deodorization effect and yeasts could be found in portions lesser than 1%. In the fresh as well as in the stored slurry samples, organisms of the genus Bifidobacterium dominated towards the end of manure handling. In spite of an oxidised substrate it is assumed, that these anaerobic to aerotolerant microorganisms found a microbiotope with a reduced environment inside the flocks, built up by APS-addition. The facultatively anaerobic microorganisms, for the most part of the genus Bacillus, which mainly belong to producers of odorous compounds almost could be eliminated within 20 days at the latest by APS-treatment. It should be focused to prevent a secondary odour production by H2S-forming yeasts. This may be managed in future by an odour-reducing minimal APS-addition under a 2%-application. In addition, the costs of APS-treatment of liquid piggery waste could be reduced considerably.

Ammonium Sulfate↗
PubMed1975

Fatal arrhythmia following deodorant inhalation: case report.

With the removal from the general marketplace of volatile hydrocarbons which have been previously abused by "thrill-seekers", new and often unlikely products are now being exploited by those who whish to escape reality. Many of these products have proven harmful. An example of such an unusual product is reported in this case of a sixteen-year-old male who inhaled Arrid Extra-Dry aerosol deodorant and subsequently died following ventricular fibrillation. The only findings at autopsy were cerebral edema, pulmonary edema and generalized visceral congestion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Allergic contact dermatitis from propellants in deodorant sprays in combination with allergy to ethyl chloride.

Allergic contact eczema from the use of deodorant sprays is sometimes caused by sensitization to the propellants. Positive reactions were seen in three patients when patch testing to Freon 11 (trichloromonofluoromethane). One patient also reacted to Freon 12 (dichlorofluoromethane). Another patient had an eczematous eruption after ethyl chloride was sprayed on the skin prior to taking biopsy. The two other patients showed strongly positive patch tests with this compound. Further investigations of the sensitizing capacity propellants with chemical resemblance have to be carried out to solve the problem of cross-sensitization.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Carpet deodorizer as a contact allergen in a dog.

Allergic contact dermatitis was diagnosed in a 7-year-old dog. Clinical signs and history were consistent with a contact allergen being the cause of pruritic skin disease. Patch testing confirmed that carpet deodorizer was the allergen.

Animals↗