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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Access to care and the allied oral health care workforce in Kansas: perceptions of Kansas dental hygienists and scaling dental assistants.

Access to oral health care continues to be a problem in the United States. Research has called for innovative approaches to improve access to oral health care and reduce oral health care disparities. Successful alternate approaches have been reported. In 1998 the Kansas Legislature passed a proposal to enhance access to care and manpower needs by allowing dental assistants to provide supragingival scaling, a service traditionally assigned to dental hygienists. In 2000, Mitchell et al. investigated the perceptions of Kansas dental hygienists and scaling dental assistants in relation to House Bill 2724 (HB 2724), which allows dental assistants to perform coronal scaling. The intent of the study was to collect baseline data in relation to HB 2724. The purpose of the present study was to follow up on the impact of HB 2724 six years after legislation. Both groups report satisfaction with their professions: scaling dental assistants believe the delivery of care in Kansas has changed, and areas of Kansas previously noted as dental health professional shortage areas are now served by either a registered dental hygienist or scaling dental assistant.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2006

The effect of tool handle shape on hand muscle load and pinch force in a simulated dental scaling task.

Work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders, including carpal tunnel syndrome, are prevalent among dentists and dental hygienists. An important risk factor for developing these disorders is forceful pinching which occurs during periodontal work such as dental scaling. Ergonomically designed dental scaling instruments may help reduce the prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome among dental practitioners. In this study, eight custom-designed dental scaling instruments with different handle shapes were used by 24 dentists and dental hygienists to perform a simulated tooth scaling task. The muscle activity of two extensors and two flexors in the forearm was recorded with electromyography while thumb pinch force was measured by pressure sensors. The results demonstrated that the instrument handle with a tapered, round shape and a 10 mm diameter required the least muscle load and pinch force when performing simulated periodontal work. The results from this study can guide dentists and dental hygienists in selection of dental scaling instruments.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Comparison of the effect of video glasses and nitrous oxide analgesia on the perceived intensity of pain and unpleasantness evoked by dental scaling.

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether distraction induced by video glasses had an effect on the perceived intensity of pain and unpleasantness during dental scaling compared with the effect of nitrous oxide (N(2)O) analgesia. The pain stimulus was dental scaling (removal of dental calculus) with an ultrasonic scaler. As a standardised, non-dental painful stimulus, Von Frey filaments were used. A total of 26 patients with superficial chronic periodontitis were enrolled in this randomised, controlled clinical study. The effect of video glasses was compared with N(2)O in one session and the effect of video glasses versus a control situation in another. The patients rated the intensity of pain and unpleasantness evoked by dental scaling and Von Frey filament stimulation on 100-mm visual analogue scales (VAS). For dental scaling, there was no effect of video glasses on the perceived pain (p=0.85) or unpleasantness (p=0.73) nor of N(2)O (p=0.69 and p=0.51, respectively) compared with the control situation. Similarly, no significant difference was found between VAS scores in the video glasses and N(2)O session (p=0.48, p=0.58). A significant effect of video glasses and N(2)O(p<0.008) was found on the perceived pain intensity produced by Von Frey filament stimulation compared with the control situation, but no significant difference was seen between these methods (p=0.07). Post-treatment interviews of the patients revealed that 81% of the patients in the video and 65% in the N(2)O session stated that the method had some beneficial effect on their overall experience of the treatment situation. In conclusion, administration of video glasses or N(2)O did not affect the perceived intensity of pain and unpleasantness evoked by dental scaling.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Effectiveness in controlling haemorrhage after dental scaling in people with haemophilia by using tranexamic acid mouthwash.

AIMS: To compare the effectiveness of tranexamic acid mouthwash (TAMW) in controlling gingival haemorrhage after dental scaling with that of using factor replacement therapy (FRT) prior to dental scaling in people with haemophilia. DESIGN: Double-blind cross-over randomised control trial. SETTING: Dedicated hospital dental practice for patients with inherited bleeding disorders. METHOD: Sixteen patients with haemophilia who required dental scaling participated in this pilot study. The experimental treatment regime (ETR) involved transfusing each patient with saline before scaling both quadrants on one side of the mouth followed by oral rinsing with TAMW four times daily for up to eight days. The control regime (CR) involved giving each patient FRT before scaling the opposite side of the mouth followed by use of a placebo TAMW. Each patient underwent both treatments in a random-ised sequence. Both the operator and the patients were unaware of which were the ETR and CR episodes. On both occasions the patient kept a log book of the rinsing regime and any post-operative bleeding. Additionally, a structured post-treatment telephone interview was conducted to assess the effectiveness and the patient acceptability of the ETR. RESULTS: Thirteen patients completed the study. No statistically significant difference was found in gingival bleeding and mouthwashing frequencies between the ETR and the CR (p > 0.05). Five patients reported no gingival bleeding with either the ETR or the CR. No patient, using either regime, required extra FRT due to gingival haemorrhage. All subjects found the ETR acceptable and easy and reported feeling safe in using TAMW alone to control gingival bleeding after dental scaling. CONCLUSION: TAMW use after dental scaling was as effective as using FRT beforehand in controlling gingival haemorrhage for people with haemophilia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Effectiveness of SofScale Calculus Scaling Gel as an aid during dental scaling of teeth of dogs.

The effect of pre-scaling application of SofScale Calculus Scaling Gel was studied on teeth of cadaver dogs, comparing scaling time and effort among pre-treated and untreated pairs of teeth. Teeth with light, moderate and heavy calculus were studied, treated by either hand-scaling only or hand and ultrasonic scaling. No significant difference was found in overall mean time required, comparing SofScale treated and untreated teeth. Scaling time was faster for SofScale treated teeth with light calculus, and slower for SofScale treated teeth with heavy calculus. There were no differences observed in the effort required for scaling, comparing SofScale treated and untreated teeth.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

Severe prosthetic valve-related endocarditis following dental scaling: a case report.

There is a well-known correlation between surgical dental procedures and the risk of bacterial endocarditis in patients with prosthetic cardiac valves. A 43-year-old patient with prosthetic aortic and mitral valves, which already have been removed twice because of endocarditis, suffered from a prosthetic valve-related endocarditis following dental scaling, which was performed without any antibiotic prophylaxis. Invasive medical procedures in patients with prosthetic heart valves may lead to endocarditis. Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended even for dental procedures considered to be "harmless," such as dental scaling.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Prevention of bacteremia in dogs undergoing dental scaling by prior administration of oral clindamycin or chlorhexidine oral rinse.

Dogs with periodontitis were used to determine the efficacy of an oral regimen of clindamycin versus chlorhexidine acetate oral rinse in reducing the total number of bacteria and the incidence of bacteremia before and after dental scaling. Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, isolated from blood and gingival swab cultures, were identified to genus using an automated system.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2000

Effects of ultrasonic dental scaling on pulp vitality in dogs: an experimental study.

We investigated whether dental pulpal damage is produced as a result of the application of an ultrasonic scaler commonly used in clinical veterinary dentistry. Using methods developed in preliminary studies, we examined six dogs. The radiographic thickness of the dentin and pulp cavity was measured. The ultrasonic scaler was applied to maxillary and mandibular premolar teeth for 30, 60, or 90 seconds, without the use of water as a coolant. The temperatures of the room, the pulp canal on untreated incisor teeth, the cheek, the gingival sulcus, and the dentin of the affected teeth were recorded using a probe with a thermistor attached to a resistivity meter and inserted in the dentin to a depth of 1 mm. Two weeks following scaling, the teeth were extracted for microscopic examination. In another dog serving as a control, the temperature of the dentin was increased to between 45 degrees C (113 degrees F) and 47 degrees C (117 degrees F) and the premolar teeth were removed for microscopic examination 15 days later. We concluded that the application of an uncooled ultrasonic scaler for 90 seconds did not increase the temperature of the dentin. However, damage comparable with acute pulpitis resulted as a consequence of the ultrasonic effect, similar to the effects produced by the 45-47 degrees C heat applied in the control animal.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Clinical and microbial evaluation of dental scaling associated with subgingival minocycline in chronic periodontitis subjects.

The aims of this double-blind randomized clinical trial were to evaluate the presence of periodontal pathogens and the clinical response of periodontal pockets treatment to scaling and root planing (SRP) associated with subgingival minocycline (SM). A total of 36 subjects, 26 to 60 years old (40.7 +/- 9.1), who had been previously diagnosed with chronic periodontitis, were included in the present study. Eighteen subjects were selected for the test group (TG), who were treated with SRP plus SM (new treatment), and 18 subjects for the control group (CG) who received SRP plus vehicle (current treatment). Two homologous sites in each subject with a probing depth (PD) > or = 6 mm were chosen. To evaluate the clinical response after treatment, PD was measured at baseline and at 90 days. Microbiological evaluation was performed to detect 7 periodontal pathogens using polymerase chain reaction at baseline, 30, and 120 days. A mean reduction in PD of 2.8 and 2.1 mm was observed in the TG and CG, respectively. At baseline, P. gingivalis was the most prevalent organism in both test (65.8%) and control (48.6%) groups. After 120 days it fell to 30.8% in TG and to 23.1% in CG. There were no statistically significant differences between the test and control groups concerning PD (p > 0.05 by Wilcoxon test) or presence of periodontal pathogens (p > 0.05 by Wilcoxon and chi-square; p > 0.01 by Signal test). The results observed showed that the new treatment was as effective as the current treatment in reducing periodontal pathogens and PD among chronic periodontitis subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Strategy for large-scale dental automation.

Widespread automation across the scope of dental practice, education, research and administration is anticipated. Without a strategic plan to guide automation efforts, the prospects for cohesive automation of the profession are dim. Development of comprehensive data standards and electronic communications protocols are required. A close interaction with similar work in the other health care professions is mandatory.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1997

Validation of the Dental Fear Scale and the Dental Belief Survey in a Norwegian sample.

The aim of this study was to validate the Kleinknecht's Dental Fear Scale and the Getz's Dental Belief Survey in a Norwegian sample by 1) testing their ability to discriminate between fearful (n = 151) and regular (n = 160) patients, and 2) correlating them. Both instruments were highly reliable (Cronbach's alpha > 0.90). Between 81% and 95% of the fearful and regular patients were correctly assigned to their appropriate groups with both instruments. It may thus be concluded that both instruments are valid. Also, the correlation between the instruments was 0.68, indicating that they to a large extent seem to measure the same concept. The most important predictor items for both instruments were related to avoidance of dental treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The dental anxiety scale and effects of dental fear on salivary cortisol.

Only a few studies have investigated use of the Dental Anxiety Scale in dental fear-induced neuroendocrine changes. The present study examined 19 female patients, each at two timepoints across an educational and a treatment session within periodontitis therapy. Subjective measures included a visual analogue scale, the STAI State scale, and the Dental Anxiety Scale. Salivary cortisol was measured in parallel across all four timepoints. Although patients were significantly more aroused and anxious prior to the treatment session, salivary cortisol remained unchanged. However, patients with high Dental Anxiety were significantly more aroused and anxious and showed significantly higher salivary cortisol during the educational session than those with low scores on Dental Anxiety. In conclusion, the Dental Anxiety Scale differentiated mean neuroendocrine change between patients scoring low and high for Dental Anxiety and its use as an accurate tool to identify patients with high dental anxiety should be further studied predictively.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Equivalence of the original and revised dental anxiety scales.

PURPOSE: The Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) was introduced in 1969 as a brief, valid, and reliable instrument to measure anxiety about dental visits. Since then, changes in language usage and dental practice have rendered the scale outdated. In 1994, Ronis introduced the Dental Anxiety Scale-Revised (DAS-R), a version of the DAS revised to acknowledge the roles of dental hygienists and female dentists in the dental office. The current study was conducted to determine whether the original and revised scales are equivalent. METHODS: The study tested the equivalence of the two scales by including both in a questionnaire filled out by 141 male and female college students. Psychometric equivalence was examined by comparing the means, and reliabilities (alphas) of the two scales and by correlating the two scales with each other. RESULTS: Mean scores, variances, and reliabilities of the two versions of the scale did not differ. The Pearson correlation between the two scales was .98. CONCLUSIONS: It appears that the DAS-R is psychometrically equivalent to the DAS and can be used in its place whenever more up-to-date wording is desired.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Preliminary validation and reliability of the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale.

An 8-question Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale was developed to assess children's concerns about specific dental procedures. These dental situations include examination, scale and polish, injection, filling, extraction, and relative and general anaesthesia. A question about how the child felt generally when visiting the dentist was also included. Children (n = 314) from two schools in Liverpool, ages 8 to 15 years, completed a questionnaire including the modified scale, Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale, the Dental Fear Survey Schedule for Children, and background questions (age, sex and previous dental experience). The internal consistency was favourable (alpha = .84) and test-retest reliability acceptable. This initial study suggests that the scale may be useful in trials to assess the benefits of interventions to assist children receive dental treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The Dental Neglect and Dental Indifference scales compared.

OBJECTIVES: The objective was to determine whether the Dental Neglect and Dental Indifference scales measure similar constructs and have similar associations in the same population sample. METHODS: A random sample of 600 residents in the Dunedin South Electorate were sent a self-report questionnaire containing the Dental Neglect scale and the Dental Indifference scale. Socio-demographic and dental service-use data were also collected. RESULTS: In all, 478 people (78.2%) returned the questionnaire. The mean Dental Neglect score was 12.4 (SD 4.4). The mean Dental Indifference scale score was 3.1 (SD 1.9). The association between the scales' scores was moderate (r = 0.58; P < 0.01), and there was only a moderate degree of concordance between the two. The two scales had largely similar associations with socio-demographic, oral care and self-care, and oral health impact characteristics, although slightly more associations were found with the Dental Indifference scale. The Dental Neglect scale was found to be easier to use than the Dental Indifference scale because it did not require a complex algorithm to compute scale scores. CONCLUSIONS: The degree of concordance between the Dental Neglect and Dental Indifference scales was not as high as expected, which suggests that the scales may measure different constructs. However, the largely similar associations with important oral health and socio-demographic variables of the scales suggest the opposite. Although the Dental Indifference scale was slightly more discriminative, the Dental Neglect scale was easier to use in practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

The effects of periodontal instrument handle design on hand muscle load and pinch force.

BACKGROUND: In comparison with people in other occupations, dentists and dental hygienists are at increased risk of developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders, including carpal tunnel syndrome. An important risk factor in dental practice is forceful pinching, which occurs during dental scaling. Ergonomically designed dental instruments may help reduce the prevalence of MSDs among dental practitioners. METHODS: In the authors' study, 24 dentists and dental hygienists used 10 custom-designed dental scaling instruments with different handle diameters and weights to perform a simulated scaling task. The authors recorded the muscle activity of two extensors and two flexors in the forearm with electromyography, while thumb pinch force was measured by pressure sensors. RESULTS: Handle designs of periodontal instruments had significant (P < .05) effects on hand muscle load and pinch force during a manual scaling task. The instrument with a large diameter (10 millimeters) and a light weight (15 grams) required the least amount of muscle load and pinch force. There was a limit to the effect of handle diameter, with diameters larger than 10 mm having no additional benefit; however, the study did not identify a limit to the effect of reducing the weight of the instrument, and therefore instruments lighter than 15 g may require even less pinch force. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The results from this study can guide dentists and dental hygienists in selection of dental scaling instruments.

Adult↗