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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

iBond: the seventh-generation, one-bottle dental bonding agent.

Dental adhesive systems used for bonding dental resins to enamel and dentin have evolved through several "generations," with changes in chemistries, mechanism, number of bottles, application technique, and clinical effectiveness. The trend in the latest generation of dental bonding systems is to reduce the number of components and clinical placement steps. The introduction of iBond, a single-bottle dental adhesive system, is the latest of the new generation materials, and combines etchant, adhesive, and desensitizer in one component. This article will show that laboratory test results comparing the bond strength and margin-gap sealing of iBond with other latest-generation dental adhesive systems have shown similar results.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1999

Effect of carbamide peroxide bleaching on the shear bond strength of composite to dental bonding agent enhanced enamel.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Carbamide peroxide bleaching has been implicated in adversely affecting the bond strength of composite to enamel. PURPOSE: This in vitro study evaluated the effect of 3 dental bonding agents (OptiBond, All-Bond 2, One-Step) on the shear bond strength of a hybrid composite to enamel which was treated by a 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching system. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cylinders of composite were bonded to carbamide peroxide-treated enamel on extracted human teeth using 3 dental bonding agents. After thermocycling, shear bond strengths were determined with a universal testing machine. RESULTS: OptiBond aided bond strengths were 23.7 +/- 5.6 MPa to bleached and 19.6 +/- 2.9 MPa to unbleached enamel. For All-Bond 2, bleached enamel exhibited bond strengths of 14.9 +/- 4.0 MPa and unbleached enamel exhibited a bond strength value of 20. 4 +/- 2.3 MPa. The composite bond strength for One-Step was 13.6 +/- 5.9 MPa to bleached and 23.0 +/- 3.9 MPa to unbleached enamel. There was no statistical difference between OptiBond (alcohol base) aided bond strengths for bleached and unbleached enamel; however, the bond strength of composite to bleached enamel with All-Bond 2 or One-Step (acetone base) was significantly lower than unbleached controls. CONCLUSION: The effect of bonding agent usage on composite bond strength to enamel bleached with a particular carbamide peroxide was dependent on the bonding agent used.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

Bond strengths of two dental bonding systems.

A new bonding system named Kevloc has been introduced. It is based on acrylization of the metal surface with the goal of preventing the occurrence of a marginal gap between the metal and the resin. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the values of the shear bond strength achieved using the Kevloc technique on Ag-Pd (Auropal SE) and Co-Cr (Basil S) alloys and to compare them with those obtained with the OVS technique. The shear bond strengths were measured with the Smitz-Schulmayer shear test in a universal testing machine for polymer materials. A microscope image analyzer was used to measure the thickness of bonding layers and to reveal the possible occurrence of the marginal gap with both techniques. No marginal gap was detected with either technique. Kevloc provided better results than OVS only in a group of specimens tested after polymerization. Immersion in water and thermocycling reduced the initially high bond strength values of Kevloc specimens, whereas the bond strength values of OVS specimens remained unchanged regardless of which aging treatment was used. Microscopic examination did not reveal the existence of the marginal gap for either bonding system. According to the results obtained, it can be concluded that the Kevloc bonding system does not provide better shearing bond strength than the OVS bonding system.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2005

The effect of local nitric oxide synthase inhibition on the diameter of pulpal arteriole in dental bond material-induced vasodilation in rat.

Local application of dental bond materials can cause pulpal vasodilation and hyperemia. Such local hemodynamic changes may be mediated by alterations in the levels of locally generated nitric oxide (NO). In different species systemic administration of NO synthase inhibitors leads to a decrease in pulpal blood flow. In contrast, the local administration of these inhibitors has not been tested yet. Therefore, the effect of locally blocked NO synthase on the internal diameter of rat pulpal arterioles under basal conditions and immediately after dental bond material application was studied by using vitalmicroscopic technique. The NO synthase blocker (L-NAME) was locally administered on a thinned dentine layer of the left lower incisor. L-NAME reduced the diameter of the pulpal arteriole both in basal and after bond material-induced hyperaemic conditions. These data suggest that the local formation of NO may have a significant role in the acute vasodilation induced by bond material application and also in maintenance of basal pulpal arteriolar tone.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

In vitro fatigue testing of a dental bonding system on enamel.

The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro fatigue behavior of a dental bonding system [ScotchBond Multi Purpose (SBMP)] by using a cyclic shear loading test. Cylinders of a light-cured hybrid composite resin (Z100) were formed on, and bonded with SBMP to, the flattened, acid-etched enamel surface of human teeth. Thirty-two samples (eight per group) were used to determine the 1-h, 1-day, 7-day, and 30-day shear bond strengths. For the shear fatigue test, the stress was cycled, at a rate of 1 Hz, between 0 and a present value in the 12-28 MPa range (from -3 SD to +1 SD around the 24-MPa mean bond strength of the 1-h specimens). The applied stress and the number of cycles to failure were recorded for each of the 75 samples tested (15 samples per set-stress). Three stress versus number of cycles curves (low, median, and high S-N curves) were obtained and an approximate endurance limit of 10 MPa was identified for the SBMP bonding system. The data obtained explain, in part, the discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo results and underline the difficulty of predicting the in vivo behavior based on results of in vitro bond strength tests alone. Shear fatigue test data, however, could provide a better insight into the long-term in vivo behavior of a dental bonding system.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2004

Calcium phosphate formation on the phosphorylated dental bonding agent in electrolyte solution.

The aim of the present study was to study the mineral formation on a phosphorylated dental bonding agent using a mineralization inductive solution. Clearfil Photobond, which contained phosphate monomer, was cured by photo-irradiation and heat treated, and was then immersed in Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS) with pH = 7.4 for 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28 days at 37 degrees C. The white substances were deposited on the phosphorylated polymer, i.e. cured Photobond disk, after the immersion in HBSS. The white substances become visible after 3 days immersion. After 7 days immersion, surface of the phosphorylated polymer disk was almost covered with white substance layers. The measurement of white substances by means of X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared and electron probe microanalysis revealed that their main component was carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite. Scanning electron microscopy pictures showed that a large number of globules of hydroxyapatite were fused together, and that each globule was composed of a group of numerous thin-film form flakes uniting and/or clustering together. The results obtained in this study concluded that the presence of phosphonic acid and phosphate group of phosphorylated dental bonding agent enhanced the nucleation and growth of hydroxyapatite crystals on its surface.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed2002

In vitro evaluation of dental bonding agents using shear and vibrational methods.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the suitability of two mechanical test methods for the in vitro evaluation of dental bonding agents. METHODS: The first method was the Iosipescu shear test in which a pure shear stress is induced in a notched beam sample, and the second was a multilayer vibrating reed test in which the effectiveness of bonding could be assessed by the magnitude of relative elastic modulus and mechanical damping factors. The tests were applied to bonded samples of high-copper amalgam, gallium alloy and composite resin with two different types of adhesive. Representative data is presented to show the capabilities of the test methods. RESULTS: Both methods were shown to generate more consistent data with lower scatter than that usually reported in this field. Each may be used to provide information of clinical relevance. CONCLUSION: With further development, these test methods could make a useful contribution to the assessment of dental bonding agents.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1992

Cast metal resin-bonded dental restorations: effect on the resin-to-metal bond of storage conditions before cementation.

Cast metal resin-bonded restorations are often stored in the laboratory or dental practice/office before they are fitted in the mouth. This study investigated the effect of the storage conditions of such restorations on the tensile bond strength of a resin cement. Sixty cylinders were cast in nickel-chromium alloy (Wiron 88). Their bonding surfaces were sandblasted, cleaned ultrasonically in distilled water, and air dried. Groups of 10 cylinders were stored for 10 days in an office environment as follows: in an open container, in a sealed polyethylene bag, in a plastic pot, in distilled water, or in acetone. A control group was used immediately for bonding. Each cylinder was bonded with a thin film of resin (Panavia Ex) to a freshly prepared disk of the same alloy. After 24 hours in water at 37 degrees C, the assembly was loaded under tension to failure. The results indicated that storage in an open container should be avoided and that restorations can best be protected by storage in distilled water.

Adhesives↗
PubMed2005

Marginal toughness of bonded dental ceramics evaluated by determination of the crack length.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the toughness of dental ceramics near a bonded interface using indentation microfracture. METHODS: The ceramics used in the present study were two leucite-reinforced ceramics (IPS Empress and Finesse), one lithia-based ceramic (IPS Empress 2) and one mica-based ceramic (OCC). The ceramic discs were processed according to the manufacturers instructions and were bonded to resinous discs using a resin composite cement. The bonded specimens were sectioned perpendicularly, and micro-Vickers indentations were imprinted at several distances from the bonded interface in the polished ceramic sections. The lengths between the two ends of the radial cracks along the bonded interface were measured. RESULTS: Crack lengthening was recognized when the distance was within 70 microm. In each ceramic, the indentation crack length at 40 microm from the interface was significantly longer than the length at the inner point of the ceramic material (p<0.05). The order of the mean indentation crack lengths at 40 microm was OCC>Finesse>IPS Empress 2>IPS Empress, while the order at 490 microm was Finesse>OCC>IPS Empress>IPS Empress 2. There was a difference between the orders at 40 microm and at 490 microm. SIGNIFICANCE: The behaviour of the indentation crack near the interface differs from that which is distant from the interface. Therefore, it is impossible to estimate the marginal toughness of the ceramic based on the indentation microfracture at the inner point of the ceramic.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1999

Transition metal salt solutions and anaerobic adhesives in dental bonding.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this experiment were twofold. Firstly to determine whether an anaerobic adhesive could be used to bond steel attachments to etched human enamel, following treatment of this surface with various concentrations of copper (II) sulphate solution. Secondly, to determine the effect of 0.05 M solutions of other transition metal sulphates and chlorides on the same bonding process. METHODS: Stainless steel attachments were bonded to human enamel using an anaerobic adhesive. In each case the enamel, which had been ground flat, was etched with 37% o-phosphoric acid and then treated with copper (II) sulphate solution prior to bonding. After bench curing for one hour, the specimens were shear tested to failure, and the load at bebond recorded in each case. The effect of varying the concentration of copper (II) sulphate solution was determined. Following determination of the optimal copper (II) sulphate concentration, the experiment was repeated using the same concentration of various other transition metal sulphates and chlorides. RESULTS: The results were analysed using mean force to debond (N) and 95% confidence intervals. Kaplan-Meier survival probabilities and log-rank tests were also performed. CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of this experiment the optimal concentration of copper (II) sulphate solution was found to be 0.05 M. Of the various transition metal sulphates and chlorides under test, the sulphates appeared to provide a more active surface for the polymerisation of the anaerobic adhesive than the chlorides. Of the sulphate solutions, the most effective was that of copper. SIGNIFICANCE: Anaerobic adhesives show promise as dental bonding agents capable of bonding metal attachments to enamel following enamel pretreatment with 0.05 M copper (II) sulphate solution.

Adhesives↗
PubMed2006

(31)P solid-state MAS-NMR spectroscopy of the compounds that form in phosphate-bonded dental casting investment materials during setting.

OBJECTIVES: To use (31)P solid-state MAS-NMR to determine which compounds form in phosphate-bonded dental casting investment material during setting, when the ambient temperature is altered. To determine whether they differ in material originating at the center of the mix from material that adheres to the mixing bowl wall. METHODS: (1)H high powered decoupled (HPDC) and (1)H cross polarized (CP) (31)P solid-state MAS-NMR spectroscopy were used at a resonance frequency of 121.4MHz to determine molecular structure. Four commercial products were examined. Manufacturer's instructions were followed and special liquid used without dilution. Ambient temperature was between 18 and 37 degrees C. RESULTS: Molecular structures change with ambient temperature and product. Amorphous Mg(3)(PO(4))(2) or struvite dominate with newberyite, cattiite, amorphous Mg(2)P(2)O(7) and amorphous MgHPO(4) present as minor phases. Exceptionally, amorphous MgHPO(4) dominates. Differences in structure were found in material taken from the center of the mix compared with that scraped from the bowl wall, but the incidence may be specific to the product/mixer combination and not a general effect. SIGNIFICANCE: The formation of compounds in phosphate-bonded investment can be affected by ambient temperature. This effect and the use of material adhering to the bowl wall (instead of that from the center of the mix) are possible causes for the unpredictability of setting expansion measurements between laboratories. There is variation between products. When phosphate-bonded investment is required for casting, a consistent ambient temperature must be used and it would be wise to mix sufficient material to avoid scraping the bowl.

Dental Casting Investment↗
PubMed1997

Applications of confocal laser scanning microscopy to dental bonding.

The introduction of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) has provided a valuable new technique for the visualization of bonding structures such as a hybrid layer in dentin (Watson, 1989, 1991). In the case of seven commercially-available dentin bonding systems, it could be demonstrated that the CLSM renders considerably more detailed information than the SEM because of its non-destructive nature and because of the possibility of a distinction between components of bonding agents. With most of the bonding systems, measurements of the thickness of the hybrid layer could be carried out when the primer component was labeled with rhodamine B. It was found that this thickness is significantly increased by increases in etching time and only slightly decreased by increases in the drying time of the dentin and of the primer. When rhodamine B was used for dye penetration tests on four different dentin bonding systems, a leakage within the demineralized zone in the dentin was found in each of the specimens. This structure appears similar to that which Sano et al. (1995) called "nanoleakage". The amount of nanoleakage could not be measured by this method. In the case of enamel or ceramic bonding, a penetration zone was found which corresponded to the etching patterns found in enamel and ceramics, respectively. We conclude that CLSM can offer a wealth of new information about bonding morphology and, therefore, should be used in addition to conventional methods so that the maximum information can be obtained.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1994

Marginal seal of new-generation dental bonding agents.

This in vitro study evaluated microleakage of three new adhesive systems--All-Bond 2, Gluma 2000, and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose. Enamel was removed from the buccal surfaces of 40 extracted molars, and cavity preparations were made on both the buccal and lingual surfaces of each tooth. Buccal cavities were entirely in dentin, and the lingual cavities had enamel margins. Specimens were randomly assigned to three groups for treatment with All-Bond 2, Gluma 2000, or Scotchbond Multi-Purpose adhesive systems. A fourth group of specimens was untreated to serve as the control. All cavity preparations were restored with a visible light-cured microfilled composite resin. Specimens were thermocycled and subjected to a crystal violet staining technique to detect marginal microleakage. Microleakage was recorded as ordinal data and analyzed with nonparametric statistical tests. Each of the adhesives tested significantly reduced microleakage at the enamel and dentin margins. The extent of leakage at dentin margins was only slightly greater than at enamel margins in each treatment group.

Adhesives↗