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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Niels Stensen.

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Anatomy↗
PubMed1997

Kaj Ulrik Linderstrøm-Lang (1896-1959).

The Carlsberg Laboratory in Copenhagen has had a long tradition of outstanding science. At the time covered by this discussion, Kjeldahl, Sørensen, and Linderstrøm-Lang had been consecutive directors of the Chemical Laboratory for 83 years. Lang's inspired leadership began in the 1930s with a number of innovations (study of metabolism in single cells, titrations in non-aqueous solvents, relation of proteolysis to structure) but it was not until the early 1950s that Denmark had sufficiently recovered from the war for the laboratory to enter world science again. During World War II, Lang had been active in the Danish resistance movement. After the war, a number of major advances were being made that would revolutionize the field of protein chemistry (Pauling and Corey's H-bonded structures, Sanger's sequencing techniques, chromatography, Watson and Crick structures, modern instrumentation). The time for the new field of the physical biochemistry of proteins had arrived. Lang, with his broad experience, adventurous spirit, and genius for innovation, created an environment that was ideal for the convergence of these disconnected advances into a uniform science. The emphasis was to be on quantitative measurements on proteins in solution with interpretations based on molecular structures. During an all-too-brief period of time, Lang's laboratory attracted a large fraction of those who were destined to be the leaders of the next generation of protein chemists. At this time, the Carlsberg Laboratory was probably the most scientifically exciting environment for a protein chemist. The methods developed at that time-hydrogen exchange, limited proteolysis, optical rotatory dispersion, volume changes accompanying protein reactions, automatic titrations-are still all in common use and many of the visitors to the laboratory in that period and their students are still playing major roles in protein research. Lang's other qualities should not be ignored. He was not only a great scientist but also a musician, raconteur, artist, and an exceptionally warm and compassionate human being.

Chemistry↗
PubMed1997

Hydrogen exchange: the modern legacy of Linderstrøm-Lang.

This discussion, prepared for the Protein Society's symposium honoring the 100th anniversary of Kaj Linderstrøm-Lang, shows how hydrogen exchange approaches initially conceived and implemented by Lang and his colleagues some 50 years ago are contributing to current progress in structural biology. Examples are chosen from the active protein folding field. Hydrogen exchange methods now make it possible to define the structure of protein folding intermediates in various contexts: as tenuous molten globule forms at equilibrium under destabilizing conditions, in kinetic intermediates that exist for less than one second, and as infinitesimally populated excited state forms under native conditions. More generally, similar methods now find broad application in studies of protein structure, energetics, and interactions. This article considers the rise of these capabilities from their inception at the Carlsberg Labs to their contemporary role as a significant tool of modern structural biology.

Chemistry↗
PubMed1992

The first Danish chairs of ophthalmology.

In the last century German medical sciences made up the chief inspiration to the medical profession in Europe. The influence of German ophthalmology spread to Denmark, and accordingly the first Danish professor, Edmund Hansen Grut was trained in the Graefe clinic. His successor, Jannik Bjerrum grew up in southern Jutland, a district later on lost to the German Empire. The hitherto prevailing Danish sympathies with the neighbour in the south vanished after this. Bjerrum thus wrote all his papers in Danish and made no efforts to achieve an international reputation. In contrast, Marius Tscherning, received widespread recognition as a scientist. He spent many years in France. His scientific insights at last brought him to the Danish chair of ophthalmology. The history of the first three professors of ophthalmology, so different in their attitudes, has narrative value, but exemplifies as well the rapid development of the profession in the years 1886-1925.

Denmark↗
PubMed1994

Neuropsychology in Denmark.

The origins and development of neuropsychology in Denmark are briefly overviewed, as are the education and training opportunities for Danish neuropsychologists. Areas of application and research are presented, and the role of the rehabilitation of brain injury is emphasized, with specific reference being made to the Center for the Rehabilitation of Brain Injury at Copenhagen University, wherein the rehabilitation program and pertinent research ensuing from the center is presented. Future trends in Danish neuropsychology are also considered.

Brain Injuries↗
PubMed2002

Hans Ussing, experiments and models.

The article describes work and impact of Hans H. Ussing, a founder of epithelial physiology. Emphasis is on Ussing's model of epithelial transport, which showed early how a complex function can arise from a few basic principles. The KJU-model was developed 1958 for the amphibian epidermis and later applied and adapted to many epithelia, but especially to those that express amiloride-sensitive sodium channels in their apical membrane. Some of the subsequent research dealing with such channels and their cellular environment is briefly reviewed. The ideas of Hans Ussing were and are an inspiration to many of us, who continue to work in the way Ussing has taught us.

Biological Transport↗