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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

An analysis of sampling errors for the Demographic Health Surveys.

"Sampling errors and design effects from 48 nationally representative surveys conducted under the Demographic and Health Surveys Program for a large number of variables concerning fertility, family planning, fertility intentions, child health and mortality etc. are analysed for the total sample, and for urban-rural domains, sub-national regions and various demographic and socio-economic subclasses.... At the country level, overall design effect (the ratio of actual to simple random sampling standard error) averaged over all variables and countries is around 1.5. Variation among countries is high, but less so than among variables. Urban-rural and regional differentials in design effects are small, and can be attributed to the fact that similar sample designs and cluster sizes were used across those domains within each country. Design effects for estimates over other subclasses are smaller, and tend towards 1.0 for small subclasses and differences, apart from the effect of sample weights which tends to persist undiminished across variables and subclasses." (SUMMARY IN FRE)

Child Welfare↗
PubMed2006

Risk factors for childhood mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. A comparison of data from a Demographic and Health Survey and from a Demographic Surveillance System.

OBJECTS: In a comparative analysis, the effect of risk factors for childhood mortality in Burkina Faso, sub-Saharan Africa, were computed from Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and Demographic Surveillance System (DSS), two very different sources. While most analyses so far determined levels of risk factors, this analysis focuses on the effects of those risk factors. METHODS: Mortality levels are often calculated by strata of risk factor levels separately for each factor. In this publication, their effect was modelled jointly by survival analysis, using all-cause childhood mortality as outcome variable. All live births in rural Burkina Faso in the period of 1994-1998 recorded by the DHS survey Burkina Faso 1998-1999 (5018 births) and the Demographic Surveillance System based in Nouna, western Burkina Faso (6196 births) were included. RESULTS: A simultaneous estimation of hazard rate ratios by a Cox regression model yielded similar estimates for the DHS and DSS data, in line with previous findings based on the Nouna DSS alone. Although DHS surveys do not include children whose mothers had died, ignoring the strong risk factor "death of the mother" does not strongly affect DHS-based results. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the different nature of survey (DHS) and longitudinal (DSS) data, these findings demonstrate that, despite some limitations, results derived from DHS surveys are broadly comparable to DSS data. Both are valuable tools for assessing the importance of risk factors for childhood mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, and they could be combined for better predictions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Infant feeding in Bolivia: a critique of the World Health Organization indicators applied to demographic and health survey data.

Infant feeding is a multidimensional activity that can be described and analysed in many different ways. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently issued recommended indicators for assessing infant feeding practices. This paper presents these indicators and demonstrates their applications using the 1989 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data for Bolivia. The results indicate that, although most Bolivian infants are breastfed and two-thirds are breastfed for > 1 year, supplementary feeding practices deviate considerably from international recommendations. Only 58% of infants < 4 months old are receiving breastmilk alone (the 'exclusive breastfeeding rate') and a similarly low percentage (54.7%) of 6-9 month olds are receiving the recommended combination of breast milk plus solid or semi-solid foods (the 'timely complementary feeding rate'). Furthermore, almost half of breastfed infants < 12 months old are also receiving bottle feeds. The infant feeding practices of city residents are least likely to conform to the infant feeding recommendations, while practices of mothers who have always lived in the country are most likely to be similar to the WHO guidelines. Mothers who have moved to the city since the age of 12 are most likely to be giving their infants other milks in addition to breast milk and to be bottle feeding their infants. The WHO infant feeding indicators provide a useful framework for quantifying infant feeding practices, and most of the indicators can readily be applied to DHS data. Nonetheless, improvements can be made in both the indicators themselves and the DHS questionnaire to improve reporting of internationally comparable infant feeding information.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2006

HIV testing in national population-based surveys: experience from the Demographic and Health Surveys.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the methods used in the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) to collect nationally representative data on the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and assess the value of such data to country HIV surveillance systems. METHODS: During 2001-04, national samples of adult women and men in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Dominican Republic, Ghana, Mali, Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania and Zambia were tested for HIV. Dried blood spot samples were collected for HIV testing, following internationally accepted ethical standards. The results for each country are presented by age, sex, and urban versus rural residence. To estimate the effects of non-response, HIV prevalence among non-responding males and females was predicted using multivariate statistical models for those who were tested, with a common set of predictor variables. RESULTS: Rates of HIV testing varied from 70% among Kenyan men to 92% among women in Burkina Faso and Cameroon. Despite large differences in HIV prevalence between the surveys (1-16%), fairly consistent patterns of HIV infection were observed by age, sex and urban versus rural residence, with considerably higher rates in urban areas and in women, especially at younger ages. Analysis of non-response bias indicates that although predicted HIV prevalence tended to be higher in non-tested males and females than in those tested, the overall effects of non-response on the observed national estimates of HIV prevalence are insignificant. CONCLUSIONS: Population-based surveys can provide reliable, direct estimates of national and regional HIV seroprevalence among men and women irrespective of pregnancy status. Survey data greatly enhance surveillance systems and the accuracy of national estimates in generalized epidemics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Child feeding practices are associated with child nutritional status in Latin America: innovative uses of the demographic and health surveys.

Data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) for 5 Latin American countries (7 data sets) were used to explore the feasibility of creating a composite feeding index and to examine the association between feeding practices and child height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ). The variables used for the index were as follows: current breast-feeding, use of complementary foods and liquids in the past 24 h, frequency of use over the past week and feeding frequency. The index was made age specific for 6- to 9-, 9- to 12- and 12- to 36-mo-old age groups, and age-specific feeding terciles were created. Bivariate analyses showed that feeding practices were strongly and significantly associated with child HAZ in all 7 data sets, especially after 12 mo of age. Differences in HAZ between child feeding terciles remained significant after controlling for potentially confounding influences, for all countries except Bolivia. Multiple regression analyses also revealed that better feeding practices were more important for children of lower, compared with higher socioeconomic status (in Colombia 1995 and Nicaragua 1998); among children of Ladino (Spanish speaking) compared with indigenous origin (in Guatemala 1995); and among children whose mothers had primary schooling compared with mothers with no schooling, or mothers with higher than primary school level (Peru 1996). The data available in DHS data sets can thus be used effectively to create a composite child feeding index and to identify vulnerable groups that could be targeted by nutrition education and behavior change interventions.

Body Height↗
PubMed1996

Indicators of nutritional status in Turkish preschool children: results of Turkish Demographic and Health Survey 1993.

The Turkish Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS), conducted in 1993, provided data on the magnitude of malnutrition in a sample of 3152 preschool children from five geographical regions, and on its causal and conditioning factors. Stunting was found to be the dominant form of malnutrition (21 per cent). Altogether 10 per cent of children were underweight and 3 per cent were wasted. There were urban-rural (16 v. 27 per cent, P < 0.001) and regional differences (highest in the East 38 per cent, lowest in the West and North 10 and 14 per cent, respectively; P < 0.001) in the rate of stunting. Among the most important conditioning factors were too early introduction of supplementary foods, mother's educational level, mother's work area, person who takes care of children while mother is at work, birth rank of children, birth spacing, number of children in an individual family, family size, and mother's welfare and hygiene indices. The need for an intersectoral approach for the development of remedial programs to reduce the effect of these factors and for periodic assessment of nutritional status of preschool children is stressed.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2006

A comparative analysis of the use of maternal health services between teenagers and older mothers in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS).

This paper uses Demographic and Health Surveys data from 21 countries in sub-Saharan Africa to examine the use of maternal health services by teenagers. A comparison of maternal health care between teenagers and older women, based on bivariate analysis shows little variation in maternal health care by age. However, after controlling for the effect of background factors such as parity, premarital births, educational attainment and urban/rural residence in a multivariate analysis, there is evidence that teenagers have poorer maternal health care than older women with similar background characteristics. The results from multilevel logistic models applied to pooled data across countries show that teenagers are generally more likely to receive inadequate antenatal care and have non-professional deliveries. An examination of country-level variations shows significant differences in the levels of maternal health care across countries. However, there is no evidence of significant variations across countries in the observed patterns of maternal health care by maternal age. This suggests that the observed patterns by maternal age are generalizable across the sub-Saharan Africa region.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infant feeding practices in Thailand: an update from the 1987 Demographic and Health Survey.

Data from the Thai Demographic and Health Survey, conducted in 1987, confirm evidence from earlier surveys that the decline in the duration of breastfeeding evident during the 1970s came largely to a standstill in the 1980s. In addition, the proportion initiating breastfeeding, while high throughout the period, has increased to the point where, at the national level, it is now close to universal. These changes coincide with efforts, primarily undertaken or coordinated by the Ministry of Public Health, to promote breastfeeding and discourage use of breast milk substitutes. While substantial socioeconomic differentials in the duration of breastfeeding exist, initiation is common even among the groups that breastfeed for the shortest period of time. Breastfed children are generally given supplemental foods or liquids at very early ages. It is common to breastfeed children relatively frequently during the day and evening. Bottles with nipples are used to provide supplementary food to breastfed children by a substantial proportion of mothers. Most use of bottles with breastfed children is not for the provision of infant formula but for other types of supplemental food.

Adolescent↗