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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Cerebellar infarction presenting erotic delusion and delusion of jealousy in the acute phase].

A 62-year-old female presented peduncular hallucinosis accompanied with outstanding manifestation of delusion of jealousy and erotic delusion in the acute phase of cerebellar infarction. The delusion seemed to appear as the swollen cerebellum was compressing the tegmentum of brainstem. CT scanning revealed the sequential images of the compression by the swollen cerebellum and deformity of the brainstem and their final recovery. The reason why the patient showed the outstanding delusion that is unusual in the ordinary peduncular hallucinosis is unclear. It might be brought about by the acute hydrocephalus induced by the occlusion of aqueduct.

Cerebellar Diseases↗
PubMed1975

[The genesis of religious delusions--a "Karel Gott delusion"].

In one case the psychodynamic cause of believe and (religious) delusion is discussed: the Kohut's conception of the primary narcissism seems to explain it. In spite of this common source profound differences were found. In delusion the are: loss of tradition, incapability of dialogue, disharmony with the environment, loss of trust and independence.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Bizarre delusions and DSM-III-R schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE: Bizarre delusions are assigned greater weight relative to other delusions in the DSM-III-R diagnosis of schizophrenia. The decision to emphasize bizarre delusions was based largely on historical tradition rather than empirical evidence. This study examined 1) the extent to which a history of bizarre delusions contributes to the diagnosis of schizophrenia and 2) whether schizophrenic patients with bizarre delusions constitute a clinically distinguishable subgroup. METHOD: Two hundred fourteen consecutively admitted psychotic inpatients were assessed for bizarre delusions according to the DSM-III-R criteria. Clinical and demographic correlates of bizarre delusions were examined in subsets of patients diagnosed as schizophrenic according to DSM-III-R who also received CT scans and neuropsychological testing. RESULTS: With the base prevalence rate for schizophrenia of 0.71, bizarre delusions had a sensitivity of 0.79, a specificity of 0.56, and a positive predictive power of 0.82 for the diagnosis of schizophrenia (N = 152) relative to other psychotic disorders (N = 62). Clinical, neurobehavioral, CT scan, and premorbid adjustment data on the schizophrenic patients indicated that beyond manifesting more severe positive symptoms, patients with bizarre delusions did not otherwise constitute a clinically distinguishable subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that criterion A for the diagnosis of schizophrenia in DSM-IV could be improved by removing the special emphasis that was placed on bizarre delusions in DSM-III-R.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Sex differences in schizophrenic delusions].

The authors compared delusions of male schizophrenics (56 cases) with those of female schizophrenics (41 cases) on the following points: 1) characteristics of objects of delusions, i) existence of the central object, ii) their description on this central object, iii) sex of this central object, 2) existence of the erotic-heterosexual delusion, 3) existence of the descent delusion, 4) existence of the sexual cenestopathy, and found that both sexes have many more male objects in their delusions than female objects, and that more women than men have delusions about acquaintances, erotic-heterosexual delusions, and sexual cenestopathy, while more men than women have delusions about distant or abstract objects. Comparing these findings with those of the other authors, the authors discuss them from clinical, psychopathological and psychodynamic perspectives.

Delusions↗
PubMed1991

Delusions and hallucinations of cocaine abusers and paranoid schizophrenics: a comparative study.

We compared delusions and hallucinations of 100 cocaine abusers and 100 paranoid schizophrenic subjects admitted to an East Texas state psychiatric hospital. Subjects in both groups feared that individuals or organized groups might harm them in some way, but delusions of the paranoid schizophrenic subjects were more often bizarre than those of the cocaine abuse subjects. "Cocaine bugs" (parasitosis) were more often found in the cocaine abuse subjects. Command hallucinations were found in both groups, but the commands of the schizophrenic group more often related to harming or killing others. Cocaine abusers had a greater frequency of visual hallucinations (47 to 7), distinguished by shadows, flashing lights ("snow lights"), objects moving and bugs crawling on the arm. Finally, the most distinguishing characteristics were identity delusions, possession delusions, grandiose delusions (other than identities and possessions), and delusions that their families were imposters (Capgras Syndrome) reported by paranoid schizophrenics. No such delusions were reported by the cocaine abusers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

A cognitive investigation of schizophrenic delusions.

Delusions have traditionally been regarded as unmodifiable false beliefs. Both Freud (1911) and Jaspers (1968) argue that there is a unidirectional relationship between a delusional belief and consensually validatable realtiy: the delusion structures reality in accordance with the delusion's demand. In contrast, we postulate that there is a bidirectional interaction between the delusion and external events. We believe that external events might modify the rigid belief when there is a dramatic incongruity between specific beliefs and selected events. The following investigation was motivated by a desire to understand more clearly how some overtly delusional patients come to lose their delusions during the course of treatment for schizophrenia. Do delusions simply melt away under the influence of major tranquilizers, or does the delusional patient play some active part in assessing the validity of this belief?

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Delusions of self-justification, innocence, forgiveness and justification in schizophrenia].

Delusions of selfjustification directed towards a denial of imaginary guiltiness are characterized by an activity of delusional speech and behaviour. In delusions of innocence the patients partially acknowledge imaginary guiltiness, their opinions and behaviour are passive. These forms of delusions are encountered in the structure of depressions with delusions, paranoid-depressive, hallucinatory-paranoid, acute delusional and paraphrenic syndromes. Delusions of appeal and justification are frequently seen in the structure of paraphrenic syndromes. These forms of delusions occupy a subordinate position in relation to other forms of psychopathological structures.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Delusions and behavioral disturbances in cognitively impaired elderly persons.

OBJECTIVE: To compare cognitive function and the prevalence of selected behavioral problems in delusional and non-delusional dementia patients. DESIGN: Retrospective medical record review. SETTING: An outpatient geriatric assessment center. PARTICIPANTS: 114 consecutive patients with dementia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Delusions as recorded in a consultation report. RESULTS: Delusions were described in 25.5% of patients. A variety of behavioral disturbances were more common in delusional than non-delusional patients, including agitation, angry or hostile outbursts, urinary incontinence, wandering or pacing, and insomnia. While cognitive function as measured by the MMSE was similar in delusional and non-delusional patients (18.9 +/- 3.8 and 19.2 +/- 5.9, respectively), there was a statistically borderline tendency for delusions to occur more often in patients in the mid-range of cognitive impairment (17 less than or equal to MMSE less than or equal to 23) compared with patients with greater or lesser degrees of cognitive impairment (32% vs 17% respectively). CONCLUSION: Delusions in dementia are associated with a variety of behavioral problems. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of delusions in the development of disruptive behaviors in dementing illness.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Depressive delusion.

In this study of 160 consecutively admitted inpatients who met ICD-9 criteria of endogenous depression, mood-congruent depressive delusions were ascertained in 14.4% (n = 23). The total HRSD score was significantly higher in the delusional than in the nondelusional group. Delusions of guilt were recorded by far the most frequently. There was a correlation between delusions of guilt in the current depressive episode and suicide attempts in the past. In the delusional patients the individual courses of the illness were characterized by marked symptomatological differences from one depressive episode to another. In all but one of the patients, depressive delusions coincided with a thematically identical experience of anxiety. How often anxiety occurs in delusional form depends substantially on the respective theme of anxiety. In accordance with earlier psychopathological literature the findings confirm that depressive delusion is closely linked to the experience of anxiety.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Delusions in dementia syndromes: investigation of behavioral and neuropsychological correlates.

A prospective cross-sectional investigation examining the relationship of neuropsychological and behavioral changes to the occurrence of delusions in dementia syndromes was conducted. Nineteen patients had Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 14 had multi-infarct dementia (MID). Patients with and without delusions were compared with regard to demographic characteristics, neuropsychological and neurological features, and a variety of behavioral disturbances. Delusional patients were more aggressive and exhibited more severe activity disturbances than nondelusional patients. Delusional patients were more severely cognitively impaired, but the neuropsychological differences between the two groups were not outstanding. These observations suggest that specific neuropsychological deficits are not compelling predictors of delusions and that delusional patients are more behaviorally disturbed than those without delusions. It is hypothesized that delusions are independent noncognitive manifestations of the neurobiology of AD and MID.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

The element of the irrational at the beginning and during the course of delusion.

Delusion is described from a phenomenological point of view. Based on the observation of 15 cases of delusion over a period of several years and 3 cases described by Japanese and American authors, I have concluded that delusion cannot be understood from a genetic, psychological or sociological standpoint alone. My aim was to discover symptoms which could not be explained by psychodynamic, sociological or other causes. Such symptoms may be called irrational (incomprehensible) symptoms. Their irrationality is analogous to the same symptoms which are described in their autobiographies by two great mystics about their ecstasy. We can see these symptoms in the accounts of Zen Buddhists. These symptoms represent experience of evidence, pseudohallucination, suffering in delusion, a message to do something, loss of awareness of time and space, the polarity of guilt and blessedness following each other in close succession and the feeling of shame. We will better understand delusion if we bear in mind the irrational factor.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1992

Mood theme and bizarreness of delusions in schizophrenia and mood psychosis.

Narratives of the delusions of 83 schizophrenic and 55 nonschizophrenic psychiatric subjects were categorized as of one or more of 12 types. Narratives were also independently assessed along dimensional scales of bizarreness and mood theme. Schneiderian and grandiose types were found to be more common in schizophrenics and mood psychotics, respectively. Dimensional measures showed that the delusions of schizophrenics were more unlikely and that those of mood psychotics had a stronger mood theme. Regression analysis determined that Schneiderian delusions and a dimensional estimate of mood theme best differentiated schizophrenics from mood psychotics. Assessments along dimensions of other parameters, particularly those represented by Schneiderian delusions, may further discriminate the functional psychoses.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Making sense of delusions.

True delusions have been conventionally regarded as primary or psychologically irreducible (Jaspers 1913/1959) and thus only explicable in organic terms. While Jaspers acknowledged the existence of secondary delusions, which may be understood in the light of related affect, other experiences, or hallucinations, these were of lesser theoretical importance than true delusions, in which he found a change in "the totality of understandable connections." Anglo-American psychiatry, in espousing Jaspers and rejecting psychoanalysis, has in consequence concentrated on the form and not the sense of delusions.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Disturbance of self-evidence and delusion.

Psychopathologically we study the process from the disturbance of self-evidence to the formation of delusions. When delusions arise on the basis of the disturbance of self-evidence, this disturbance impairs the way of judgment. We present a case of schizophrenia in which the unlimited questions about grounds make it impossible for the patient to establish the self-evident as itself and to judge inductively. The formation of delusions is the psychopathological extrication from the impairment of the inductive judgment. In the formation of delusions on the basis of the disturbance of self-evidence, we can observe the process from the weakening to the substantiation toward the outside of the transcendental organization.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Cultural influences on delusion.

The nature and content of delusions were studied among 51 schizophrenic patients. The most common delusions in order of frequency were delusions of persecution, religious, magic, ideas of reference, passivity feelings and grandeur. The beliefs of the head of the family, or his equivalent, did not contribute directly to the content. It was concluded that the general cultural beliefs, rather than the immediate environment, play a dominant role in determining the contents of delusion.

Adolescent↗