Valencia Declaration on Ethics and the Human Genome Project.
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Confidentiality↗
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Carving up the human genome.
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Base Sequence↗
Mapping the human genome.
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Developing Countries↗
[Gastroenteritis outbreak associated with water consumption, possibly caused by Norwalk or Norwalk-like virus].
BACKGROUND: It is described an acute gastroenteritis outbreak of probable hydric transmission in Ontinyent (Valencia). It was declared on the 31st of January, 1992 and affected 3541 people according to the declaration done by the sanitary services who attended the patients. The clinical situation was characterized by the presence of profuse and watery diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and fever or febricula. METHODS: A preliminary study of the cases has been done, the information being treated with the classical method of descriptive epidemiology and a later study of the transversal observation type by means of a telephone inquiry. RESULTS: The results show that this outbreak affected approximately to a 30% of the population, and show the relation between consumption of water from the municipal water system and the outbreak, as well as the existence of a control population not affected for receiving a different water supply. CONCLUSION: Once rejected the bacterial origin for the results of the copro-cultivation done the analysis of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak, show a total agreement with the criteria described by Kaplan to characterize acute gastroenteritis outbreaks because of Norwalk-like virus.
Acute Disease↗
Ethical and social aspects of the Human Genome Project.
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Eugenics↗
[Validity of notified anthropometric data for determining the prevalence of obesity].
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of the anthropometric data declared by participants in the Survey of Nutrition and Health in the Community of Valencia, Spain in 1994 to estimate the prevalence of obesity using the values obtained by direct measurement in the participants themselves as a reference. METHOD: The characteristics of the people who did not declare their weight and/or height were analyzed. Complete information on self declared and measured weight and height was collected in 1,387 subjects (700 males and 687 females). The mean values and proportion of indexes declared and measured were compared and the sensitivity (S), specificity (SP) and predictive values (PV) of a Quetelet Index (QI) QI >or= 30 kg/m2 were estimated to detect obesity in reference to the measured values. RESULTS: Those who did not declare their weight and/or height demonstrated a higher prevalence of obesity than those who did; 27.9% versus 13.1%, the difference being statistically significant (p < 0.001). The subjects who did declare were found to underestimate their weight, overestimate their height and thus, underestimate their relative weight (RW). This phenomenon was found to be greater in women and in older subjects. The prevalence of undeclared obesity was 10% versus 16.3% in that measured. The S of QI >or= 30 kg/m2 for screening obesity was 66.5%, being 69.3% in women and 63% in men, with a SP of 98.7% and positive PV of 92.4%. CONCLUSIONS: The estimation of the prevalence of obesity from a Quetelet Index >or= 30 kg/m2 based on self-reported data leads to a considerable underestimation of this problem at population level therefore questioning its validity.
Adolescent↗
[The evaluation of the effects of ambient noise on the residents of the historic center of Valencia].
BACKGROUND: The acoustic contamination in residential areas is a generalized problem to solve it, it is necessary to have an available precise information about its magnitude and effects upon the population. METHODS: We show the first results of a study on the acoustic contamination in the historical center of Valencia and about its effects upon that district residents. A noise map has been made measuring the daily sound level in 135 points regularly distributed. At the same time, 418 telephone polls among the residents in that district has been carried out. RESULTS: The noise levels, existing in the studied zone, are very high, it has been obtained an average equivalent sound level (Leq) of 71.6 decibels A (dBA). About a 60% of the surveyed persons declare to be "troubled", because of the noise and one out of four surveyed persons find it difficult to get to sleep for the same reason. Road traffic is the main source of trouble. There has been observed a relation between certain personal characteristics in the surveyed persons and the answers obtained, although it does not reach an statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: In the historical center of Valencia, there exists an important problem of environmental noise and the daily levels exceed clearly the recommended limits. It seems that traffic is the main source of noise probably combined with a deficient urban structure which does not allow a fluid vehicular traffic. The residents in this zone are aware of the problem and a great proportion of them declare to be damaged in a greater or smaller magnitude. Although the sensitivity to noise could be in relation with certain personal factors in the surveyed persons.
Adult↗
YAdumper: extracting and translating large information volumes from relational databases to structured flat files.
Downloading the information stored in relational databases into XML and other flat formats is a common task in bioinformatics. This periodical dumping of information requires considerable CPU time, disk and memory resources. YAdumper has been developed as a purpose-specific tool to deal with the integral structured information download of relational databases. YAdumper is a Java application that organizes database extraction following an XML template based on an external Document Type Declaration. Compared with other non-native alternatives, YAdumper substantially reduces memory requirements and considerably improves writing performance.
Algorithms↗
[An epidemiologic study of brucellosis in the province of Valencia (1943-1989)].
We have carried out an epidemiological study of Brucellosis in Valencia, studying the evolution of morbidity through this disease from 1943 to 1989. On the other hand, and for the period 1985-1988 we have carried out a study researching the distribution of the illness by sex, age-groups, professions, etc., basing ourselves on the epidemiological surveys corresponding to the 516 cases of Brucellosis declared in this period. We highlight the fact that the dominant mechanism of indirect contagion (mainly through consumption of fresh cheese and untreated milk) constrains the epidemiological pattern of this illness in our area. Thus we believe it is important to maintain and increase the sanitary and hygienic controls of the foods involved in the transmission, mainly the production and distribution of unfermented fresh milk and cheese.
Adolescent↗
[Epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae in children in the Valencia Community, Spain. Acute diseases study group].
OBJECTIVE: To asses the incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis in children of de Valencian Community (VC), Spain, and to describe the microbiologic characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective surveillance system with paediatrician and microbiologist participation of all public hospitals of the VC. Cases are children less than 15 with clinical meningitis and with isolation of Hib, N. meningitidis or S. pneumoniae from CSF of blood. RESULTS: From 1st December 1995 to 30th November 1996, 51 cases were declared, 33.3% were Hib, 49.0% N. meningitidis and 17.7% S. pneumoniae. The annual incidence of meningitis was 7.6 cases/100,000 < 15 years, 20.5/100,000 < 5 years and 56.2/100,000 < 1 year. 84.3% of the cases occurred in children younger than 5. S. pneumoniae had the highest mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Hib is a frequent cause of meningitis in spite of that one third of children are vaccinated. 43% of the N. meningitidis isolated in meningitis are serogroup C. S. pneumoniae meningitis are more frequent in children less than one, and has a high mortality rate.
Adolescent↗
[Medical and psycho-technical examination centers in the prevention of traffic accidents: 1480 examinations carried out at the Spanish Red Cross Center in Valencia].
The centres for medical and psycho-technical examinations in the prevention of traffic accidents: 1480 examinations carried out in the Spanish Red Cross Centre (Valencia). The centres for medical and psycho-technical examinations are included within the field of primary accident prevention, as they participate in the selection of drivers. In this study, we analyze the results of 1480 examinations of applicants for different types of driving licences (first-time and renewals) who applied to this centre during the first quarter of 1989. To this end we have followed the regulations in force set out in Royal Decree 2272/85. Thus, 90.13% were declared TOTALLY FIT, 8.65% PARTIALLY FIT and 1.22% UNFIT to drive. By age groups these percentages vary: in those under 50, there were 95.76% TOTALLY FIT, 4.04% PARTIALLY FIT and 0.2% UNFIT; in the group between 50 and 70 years of age and those over 70, the numbers of TOTALLY FIT drop (86.15 and 49.04%) while those PARTIALLY FIT (12.19 and 41.35%) and UNFIT (1.66 and 9.61%) increase. Our results show these centres to be useful for selection and for the detection of disabilities and illnesses which may lead to the restriction or cancellation of a driving licence. On the other hand, they should be totally integrated in the Health Education and Health Protection systems.
Accidents, Traffic↗
[Elimination of measles plan in the Valencia community: epidemiological surveillance in 2003].
AIMS: Describing the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the suspicions of measles notified in the CV during the year 2003 and evaluating the system of surveillance. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, descriptive study. SETTING: Community of Valencia (CV), Spain. PARTICIPANTS: Cases of suspected measles notified in 2003. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Description of the data collected in the questionnaires (including names) of the Plan to Eliminate Measles of the CV, and obtaining of quality indicators for this plan and those proposed in the national action plan. RESULTS: From 43 notified suspicions, 11 (25.6%) were confirmed, 29 (67.4%) discarded, and 3 (7%) compatible. The rate of effect was 0.33 of 105. From 11 confirmed cases, 10 belonged to two outbreaks (one familiar and an other one communitary) and one was an isolated and imported case. 80% of areas of health were declared. The majority of the suspicions and all the cases were given in the first half of the year. Five cases were given in cohorts of age not submitted to the program of vaccination (minors of 15 months and major of 20 years), and 2 cases might have been avoidable in agreement with the program (6 and 12-year-old children not vaccinated). 40 samples of whey and 33 of urine were collect within the recommended periods. The majority of quality indicators were over the recommended ones (80%). CONCLUSIONS: In year 2003 no case of measles has taken place from autochthonous virus in the CV.
Humans↗