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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Statistical and other data-analytic techniques for the evaluation researcher: an identification, classification, and description of methods and resources.

The goal of any social/health intervention program is to improve the lot of the people it is designed to serve. Of critical importance is the development and implementation of programs able to achieve such a goal is evaluation research (ER)--a process representing an interface between the generic notion of evaluation and the rigor of social research methodology. The evaluation researcher should be familiar with, and be capable of using, any of a number of (statistical and non-statistical) data-analytic techniques. The objectives of this discussion, therefore, are to (1) identify, categorize, and briefly describe statistical and other data-analytic techniques of potential use to the evaluation researchers; and (2) identify currently available resources, i.e., texts, books of readings, monographs, etc., that offer discussions and analyses of these techniques. It is hoped that such an exposition will lead to a wider understanding, acceptance, and use of these procedures, which can only enhance the quality of subsequent program policy- and decisionmaking.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1979

[Analytical data and preparation of important 3-hydroxy-5-phenyl-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one derivatives (author's transl)].

The article describes analytical data (TLC, IR, MS) of 7-chloro-1-methyl-1,3-hydroxy-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one (3-hydroxydiazepam) and 7-cyclopropyl-methyl-1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazpin-2-one (3-hydroxy-prazepam). Analytical properties of important derivatives (N-oxides, 3-acetoxy compounds, re-arrangement products) are also reported. Besides preparation methods are given for the synthesis of these substances, considering in particular preparation as solution-reactions as well as reaction on the TLC-plate.

Benzodiazepinones↗
PubMed2026

Big data analytics for CLEC5A dynamics based on single cell genomics and proteomics reveal its diverse functions in human diseases.

BACKGROUND: CLEC5A (C-type lectin domain family 5 member A) is an innate immune receptor implicated in inflammatory signaling, contributing to hyperinflammatory responses in infections and sterile inflammation. However, CLEC5A dynamics in human diseases remain to be identified. Here, we systematically characterized CLEC5A dynamics in humans across cells, tissues, and disease states, and to explore the functional significance of CLEC5A in macrophage activation based on single-cell genomics. METHODS: With multi-omics (scRNA-seq, proteomics and big data analytics), we analyzed extensive human transcriptomic datasets (>42,000 samples) to profile CLEC5A expression by cell type, tissue, and disease. Single-nucleus RNA-seq (snRNA-seq) from pediatric congenital heart disease and a virtual CLEC5A gene knockout were also performed to characterize CLEC5A dynamics in humans. RESULTS: CLEC5A is highly enriched in innate immune cells, particularly in macrophages and neutrophils. Baseline CLEC5A in most tissues is low, but it is markedly upregulated in inflammatory and infectious diseases. CLEC5A expression has sex-specific differences in certain organs. Single-cell analysis showed that CLEC5A can be considered novel marker of proinflammatory macrophages with elevated cytokine production, antigen presentation, and impaired phagocytosis. Virtual CLEC5A knockout analysis identified coordinated perturbation of immune-regulatory pathways and overlapping genes linking CLEC5A to macrophage activation networks. CONCLUSION: CLEC5A is predominantly expressed in myeloid cells and acts as a key amplifier of inflammation in human diseases. Our findings highlight CLEC5A as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in myeloid-driven hyperinflammatory conditions, warranting further experimental and translational validation.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

[Studies on the identification of psychotropic substances. VIII. Preparation and various analytical data of reference standard of some stimulants, amfepramone, cathinone, N-ethylamphetamine, fenethylline, fenproporex and mefenorex].

The Reference Standards for amfepramone, cathinone, N-ethylamphetamine, fenethylline, fenproporex and mefenorex were prepared. Their purities determined by HPLC were more than 99.5%. For the identification and determination of these six drugs, their analytical data were measured and discussed by TLC, UV, IR, HPLC, GC/MS and NMR.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1990

[Studies on the identification of psychotropic substances (VII). Preparation and various analytical data of standard references of some hallucinogens, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and 5-methoxy-3,4- methylenedioxyamphetamine (MMDA)].

The Reference Standards of 3, 4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and 5-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MMDA) were prepared. Their purities determined by HPLC were 99.8% for DMA hydrochloride, 99.8% for MDMA hydrochloride and 99.5% for MMDA hydrochloride. For the identification and determination, various analytical data of the three drugs were measured and studied by TLC, UV, IR, HPLC, GC/MS and NMR.

3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine↗
PubMed1992

Exploratory data analytic techniques to evaluate anticancer agents screened in a cell culture panel.

Information theory is used to provide a measure of selectivity, i.e., the degree to which a drug has preferential toxicity or growth inhibition for one or a few cell lines from a large panel. The selectivity measure is intended to complement a measure of differential growth inhibition in evaluating the drug development potential of a new compound. Also, a similarity measure obtained from information theory is used to classify drugs according to their pattern of responses on the panel. Some structure-activity relations emerge. This work is applied to 176 agents selected to be tested by the National Cancer Institute in about 50 cell lines.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Clinical course, therapy, outcome and analytical data in amitriptyline and combined amitriptyline/chlordiazepoxide overdose.

A total of 103 cases of amitriptyline (AT) overdose (group 1) and 81 cases of overdose with a fixed combination of AT and chlordiazepoxide (CDE) (group 2), treated at our Intensive Care Unit or reported to our Poison Information Center between 1985-1990, were evaluated with respect to clinical course, symptoms and outcome, as well as efficacy of therapy. The mean amount of AT was considerably higher in group 1 compared to group 2 (13 mg kg-1 vs 7.7 mg kg-1). The most frequent symptoms in both groups were impaired consciousness, anticholinergic symptoms, seizures, arrhythmia and hypotension. Respiratory insufficiency necessitated respirator therapy in 63 of the patients. Two patients in group 1 and one patient in group 2 did not survive. Therapy included primary detoxification by gastric lavage and repeated administration of activated charcoal. In four of eight patients with cardiac conduction disturbances, hypertonic sodium bicarbonate led to a significant reduction in QRS duration and AV interval. Physostigmine was effective in eight of 14 patients with pronounced anticholinergic symptoms. No effect was observed in the other six patients. Haemoperfusion, which was performed in five patients, led to rapid improvement of coma after initiation of therapy in four patients. The clinical efficacy of haemoperfusion in AT overdose despite the high volume of distribution of AT deserves further investigation. The rather high average overdose of AT implies that large package sizes of AT were available to the patients. A major step towards prevention of serious AT overdose would be the prescription of package sizes containing a total of less than 500 mg AT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of technical chlordane residues in food crops: interpretation of analytical data.

An interlaboratory investigation of technical chlordane residues in food crops was carried out to determine the most practical and consistent method of reporting results. Using a technical chlordane reference standard, 8 gas chromatographic stationary phases were studied for their resolution capabilities. The best separations were obtained with SE-30 and its OV-1 equivalent. Using these columns and electron capture detection, potatoes and carrots from supervised field experiments were analyzed in duplicate and quantitated by using 4 methods of calculation. The data were statistically treated to determine the precision and bias for each method. Also, 1 sample was analyzed in duplicate on 2 different occasions by 6 laboratories to substantiate the initial conclusions. Based on the criterion of high precision it is suggested that a comparison of total area under the chromatogram of the sample with total area of standard technical chlordane be the method of quantitation. Only peaks which are common to both standard and sample have any significance in this type of calculation.

Chlordan↗
PubMed2025

Building a Digital Health Research Platform to Enable Recruitment, Enrollment, Data Collection, and Follow-Up for a Highly Diverse Longitudinal US Cohort of 1 Million People in the All of Us Research Program: Design and Implementation Study.

BACKGROUND: Longitudinal cohort studies have traditionally relied on clinic-based recruitment models, which limit cohort diversity and the generalizability of research outcomes. Digital research platforms can be used to increase participant access, improve study engagement, streamline data collection, and increase data quality; however, the efficacy and sustainability of digitally enabled studies rely heavily on the design, implementation, and management of the digital platform being used. OBJECTIVE: We sought to design and build a secure, privacy-preserving, validated, participant-centric digital health research platform (DHRP) to recruit and enroll participants, collect multimodal data, and engage participants from diverse backgrounds in the National Institutes of Health's (NIH) All of Us Research Program (AOU). AOU is an ongoing national, multiyear study aimed to build a research cohort of 1 million participants that reflects the diversity of the United States, including minority, health-disparate, and other populations underrepresented in biomedical research (UBR). METHODS: We collaborated with community members, health care provider organizations (HPOs), and NIH leadership to design, build, and validate a secure, feature-rich digital platform to facilitate multisite, hybrid, and remote study participation and multimodal data collection in AOU. Participants were recruited by in-person, print, and online digital campaigns. Participants securely accessed the DHRP via web and mobile apps, either independently or with research staff support. The participant-facing tool facilitated electronic informed consent (eConsent), multisource data collection (eg, surveys, genomic results, wearables, and electronic health records [EHRs]), and ongoing participant engagement. We also built tools for research staff to conduct remote participant support, study workflow management, participant tracking, data analytics, data harmonization, and data management. RESULTS: We built a secure, participant-centric DHRP with engaging functionality used to recruit, engage, and collect data from 705,719 diverse participants throughout the United States. As of April 2024, 87% (n=613,976) of the participants enrolled via the platform were from UBR groups, including racial and ethnic minorities (n=282,429, 46%), rural dwelling individuals (n=49,118, 8%), those over the age of 65 years (n=190,333, 31%), and individuals with low socioeconomic status (n=122,795, 20%). CONCLUSIONS: We built a participant-centric digital platform with tools to enable engagement with individuals from different racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds and other UBR groups. This DHRP demonstrated successful use among diverse participants. These findings could be used as best practices for the effective use of digital platforms to build and sustain cohorts of various study designs and increase engagement with diverse populations in health research.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Analytical behavior data for chemicals determined using AOAC multiresidue methodology for pesticide residues in foods.

Analytical methods capable of detecting more than one pesticide residue simultaneously (multiresidue methods) become more effective with an increase in the number of chemicals whose behavior through the various steps of the method has been documented. Since 1970, the method behavior data related to the AOAC official method for residues of 25 chlorinated and phosphated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls have been extended to include information on twice as many chemicals as was previously available. The value of having a large bank of method behavior data is outlined and the experimental protocol by which the data were collected is described. A complete listing is included of the available data on the analytical behavior of over 300 pesticidal and/or industrial chemicals.

Chemistry Techniques, Analytical↗
PubMed1976

Doping control in Japan. An automated extraction procedure for the doping test.

Horse racing in Japan consists of two systems, the National (10 racecourses) and the Regional public racing (32 racecourses) having about 2,500 racing meetings in total per year. Urine or saliva samples for dope testing are collected by the officials from thw winner, second and third, and transported to the laboratory in a frozen state. In 1975, 76, 117 samples were analyzed by this laboratory. The laboratory provides the following four methods of analysis, which are variously combined by request. (1) Method for detection of drugs extracted by chloroform from alkalinized sample. (2) Methods for detection of camphor and its derivatives. (3) Method for detection of barbiturates. (4) Method for detection of ethanol. These methods consist of screening, mainly by thin layer chromatography and confirmatory tests using ultra violet spectrophotometry, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry combined with gas chromatography. In the screening test of doping drugs, alkalinized samples are extracted with chloroform. In order to automate the extraction procedure, the authors contrived a new automatic extractor. They also devised a means of pH adjustment of horse urine by using buffer solution and an efficient mechanism of evaporation of organic solvent. Analytical data obtained by the automatic extractor are presented in this paper. In 1972, we started research work to automate the extraction procedure in method (1) above, and the Automatic Extractor has been in use in routine work since last July. One hundred and twnety samples per hour are extracted automatically by three automatic extractors. The analytical data using this apparatus is presented below.

Animals↗