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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Epidemiology of dysentery in Dagestan].

Analysis of material on bacterial dysentery and other acute intestinal infections morbidity in the Dagestan ASSR for a period of 15 years showed high morbidity level and its variations, with reduction and elevation in individual years, and the leading role played by Shigella flexneri among the causative agents of dysentery. The greatest incidence of dysentery was revealed among children aged under one year and between 1 and 2 years. A high bacterial dysentery incidence was recorded in Dagestan throughout the whole year. However analysis of the seasonal dysentery curve showed the beginning of elevation in July, reaching the maximum in August, and lasting four months with a decline beginning in October. The persisting activity of the water route of dysentery transmission in the Dagestan ASSR requires particular attention to the organization of good-quality water-supply to the population of the republic.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiologic aspects of diabetes mellitus in Dagestan].

The authors analyze the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Dagestan, a republic with various climatic and geographic zones, whose population belongs to a great variety of ethnic groups, over 1987-1991. The findings evidence a lower prevalence of this condition in Dagestan than in other regions, but there is a trend to an annual increment in the morbidity, mostly at the expense of Type II diabetes. The urban residents of Dagestan more often develop the disease, may be due to the fact that wine-making industry is concentrated mainly in town. In the country diabetes mellitus in more incident on the planes, less incident in the foothills, and still less incident in the mountains. The highlanders, when they come to the planes, develop diabetes mellitus as frequently as the residents of the planes. Of the ethnic groups the Russians suffer from the disease most frequently, then come the Kumyks, Lakts, Darghines, Lezghines, Aguls, Tabasaranes; the Avares and Rutules are the least frequent among the diabetics. Preventive measures should be concentrated mostly in towns and on the planes. These specific features of diabetes mellitus epidemiology should be taken into consideration when organizing a net of endocrine service.

Climate↗
PubMed2002

[Mapping genes of complex diseases in genetic isolates of Dagestan].

Original results of the analysis of genetic linkage between some genomic markers and two complex clinical phenotypes, schizophrenia and mental retardation, in pedigrees from Dagestan genetic isolates are described. Interpopulation differences in the epidemiology of the complex phenotypes were studied and in their genetic linkage was demonstrated. These differences are evidently related to the genetic structure of the isolates determined by their genetic history. The MR epidemiological index characterizing the lifetime morbid risk of schizophrenia varies in the Dagestan isolates studied from 0 to 4.95%, which is almost five times higher than the average worldwide population rate, 1%. Comparative genetic mapping permitted determination of the most probable genetic linkages and associations of loci from chromosomal regions 17p11.1-12, 3q13.3, and a locus from 22q with schizophrenia and locus 12q23 with mental retardation. There is evidence that this approach is effective for detailed study of the relationship between the genetic (allele and locus) and clinical heterogeneity of complex diseases, which favors successful identification of the genes determining them. The study of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in genetic isolates of Daghestan populations (which have a common genetic background) may be an effective methodological approach for revealing the numerous contradictory results of mapping of the same genes of complex disease performed by different researchers in different regions of the world.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1996

[A genetic and demographic study of Dagestan highland populations and migrants to the lowlands. The relationship between levels of consanguinity, homozygosity and physiologic sensitivity].

This is a continuation of a series of papers devoted to studying the genetic mechanisms of adaptation in migrants from isolated highland populations of Dagestan to new ecological conditions (lowlands). This paper describes the main results of studying the relationship between levels of inbreeding, homozygosity, and physiological sensitivity. Earlier, we found that decreased resistance to changing environmental factors in migrants to lowlands from the Dagestan highlands was connected with their high level of homozygosity. The data obtained allow us to assume that missing links in this chain of events include, in addition to parameters of inbreeding level, parameters of neurophysiological sensitivity, including absolute and differential sensitivity of various analyzers sensory systems, which are from 65 to 75% genetically determined. Migrants from highland auls (villages) to lowlands exhibited a decreased rate of sensomotor reactions in response to light and sound of various intensities, as well as decreased differential color sensitivity in the long-, medium-, and short-wave ranges of the spectrum, compared to highlanders. The results suggest the selective mortality of migrants from highlands to lowlands during adaptation to new conditions. Those migrants who dies were characterized by specific gene complexes that determined the characteristic features of expression of a number of interrelated polymorphic and quantitative traits. Thus, the high levels of homozygosity and inbreeding were accompanied by a greater neurophysiological sensitivity and lower indices of body weight and height.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1997

[Genetic polymorphism in three indigenous ethnic populations of Dagestan].

Genetic, demographic, and biochemical studies of three isolated ethnic populations of Dagestan were performed. Two populations lived in their historical (highland and lowland) habitats, and one population migrated from highlands to lowlands, i.e., changed its environment. A substantial genetic differentiation with respect to eight biochemical systems and marital structure was found. Altitudinal variation was revealed in allelic frequencies of group-specific component (GC) and haptoglobin (HP). The frequency of allele GC * 1 decreased and that of allele HP * 1 increased as the altitude increased in the studied localities. The studied populations differed with respect to the average heterozygosity levels per locus. Both absolute heterozygosity levels and the pattern of interpopulation differences estimated for all of the eight biochemical markers considerably differed from those estimated for all markers except for GC and HP. These data indicate that the latter two biochemical systems are important for adaptation of the studied Dagestan populations. In surviving migrants from highlands to lowlands, the levels of inbreeding and genetic polymorphism were intermediate between these values for highlanders and native lowlanders. Earlier, the 30% selective mortality was revealed in migrants from highlands to lowlands during the first years of adaptation to new conditions. Those individuals who died had a higher inbreeding level, homozygosity, and physiological sensitivity. In this study, only surviving migrants were examined. Therefore, it may be suggested that the inadaptive (dying) part of migrants also differed from the adaptive (surviving) part in the higher HP * 1 and GC * 2 allelic frequencies.

Alleles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The ability of flea species on the common vole from mountainous Dagestan to transmit and preserve the causative agent of plague].

The infection ability and terms of preservation of plague microbe in fleas of common vole from Dagestan high-mountain plague focus (Frontopsylla causasica, Megabothris turbidus, Ctenophthalmus intermedius and Amphipsylla rossica) was studied experimentally. Block formation and transmission of the infection by F. caucasica and M. turbidus was observed. The transmission of plague microbe by Ct. intermedius fleas was first carried out. These species of fleas preserve the infection for a long time. Experiments with fleas of A. rossica yielded negative results.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Ethnic aspects of cancer distribution in Dagestan].

On a model of ethnic groups of Dagestan the features of malignant tumors incidence among small population have been studied. The environmental factors, habits and diet are shown to be of importance, whereas hereditory factors are not so essential for the rate of cancer incidence in different nationalities. The role of civilization and urbanization in the changed structure of cancer morbidity among migration groups is emphasized.

Dagestan↗
PubMed1997

[Mapping of the gene for autosomal-recessive progressive muscular dystrophy in an isolate from a highland region of Dagestan to chromosome 2-13].

A unique inbred Avar family from an isolate of the Dagestan highland was studied. Unusual phenotypic expression of autosomal recessive progressive muscular dystrophy was revealed in 12 members of this family from three generations. Limb-girdle (proximal) muscular dystrophy (LGMD) was detected in nine patients, while the other three patients displayed typical distal myopathy (DM). Genetic linkage analysis with several candidate loci determining various forms of muscular dystrophy allowed a gene for this polymorphic syndrome to be assigned to chromosome 2p13. In spite of the difference in clinical manifestation, all patients appeared to be homozygous for a unique haplotype. This implies the founder effect and proves the same genetic basis of LGMD and DM in the family. Recombination analysis showed that the centromeric and telomeric ends of the gene region are marked with D2S2111 and D2S327, respectively (genetic distance < 1 cM). This region is overlapped by two larger regions in which the genes for LGMD type 2B (LGMD2B) and Miyoshi myopathy were recently mapped. Complex analysis of clinical and genetic data indicated that LGMD2B, Miyoshi myopathy, and the revealed polymorphic syndrome may represent allelic variants of 2p13-linked autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy.

Altitude↗
PubMed1998

[Ecological zones of Dagestan territory and epidemiology od acute leukemia in older age groups].

The authors report annual acute leukemia incidence through 1980 to 1995 in Dagestan in respect of implications of of environmental factors. The highest leukemia incidence rate was in the age group over 50 years. Acute leukemia incidence varied with years, sex and territory zones. Active utilization of chemical fertilizers in agriculture proved a contributing factor in the onset of acute leukemia, especially in persons older than 50 years.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Main trends in the development of postgraduate training of physicians in the Republic of Dagestan].

Analysis of continuous education of physicians in Dagestan helped the author distinguish the main trends in its development. They include development and introduction of a system of continuous professional and economic education of physicians; improving the planning and prediction of need in advanced medical training; development and introduction of a system of control of continuous education of physicians; stimulation the introduction of modern equipment and technologies in practical medicine; creation of scientific and information provision for continuous education of physicians. Special attention is paid to introduction of novel didactic systems, information technologies, forms and methods of advanced medical training.

Dagestan↗
PubMed1981

A new hemoglobin variant: Hb Dagestan alpha 60(E9) Lys leads to Glu.

An electrophoretically I-like hemoglobin variant was detected during a survey for abnormal hemoglobins in Dagestan (USSR). Neither clinical nor hematological abnormalities were seen in the carrier for this mutant hemoglobin. Structural studies demonstrated a previously undescribed substitution of alpha 60 (E9) Lys leads to Glu.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparison of the nematode fauna of winter wheat and wild grain in the foothill and lowland zones of Dagestan].

The nematode fauna of winter wheat and wild cereals in the foothill zone of Dagestan is richer than that in the lowland zone. From 117 species of nematodes recorded from the rhizosphere and organs of examined plants 105 species are reported from foothills and only 78 species from the lowland zone. In the foothill zone the average number of nematodes in 10g of root soil and organs of wheat amounts to 619 specimens, in wild cereals--to 347 specimens, in lowland zone--to 310 and 236 specimens respectively. This difference is caused by soil--climatic conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Genetic-demographic study of mountain populations from Dagestan and their migrants to the lowlands. Comparison of basic parameters of fitness].

Results of a total genetic demography study of females of postreproductive age from both parts of "splits" highland isolates of Dagestan, highlanders, and migrants to lowlands are described. The components of natural selection that were related to differential mortality and differential fertility were estimated in the highlanders and the migrants using Crow indices. Offsprings of female migrants were characterized by a higher prenatal (spontaneous abortions and still-births) and a lower prereproductive mortality. These differences may be accounted for by two mechanisms: (1) the effects of changing marital structure (female migrants are more exogamous) and (2) better medical care for the children of migrants compared to those living in highland auls (settlements), which are still difficult to access. It was demonstrated that mortality of probands' children before reproductive age, as well as the proportion of their close genetic relatives that died within five years after resettling, increased with an increase in the level of individual inbreeding in women examined (probands). These data allow us to suggest that the drastic increase revealed in mortality of the highlanders during the first years after resettling may be partially attributed to high levels of inbreeding and heterozygosity; these, in turn, decrease the individual's nonspecific resistance to new ecological factors. Fertility and prenatal mortality appeared to increase and decrease, respectively, with an increase in the inbreeding level.

Adaptation, Physiological↗