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Results for “DRD1”

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3 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2025

The importance of dopamine levels and single-nucleotide polymorphism within COMT, DRD1 and DRD2 genes in obstructive sleep apnoea.

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder that contributes to serious cardiovascular comorbidities. While the mechanical aspects of OSA are well-studied, its neurobiological underpinnings remain underexplored. In this study, we investigated the role of dopamine and its genetic modulators in OSA pathophysiology. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Serum dopamine levels were assessed in a cohort of 153 participants (96 OSA patients and 57 controls), and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in dopamine-related genes, including COMT, DRD1 and DRD2, were analysed in a cohort of 286 participants (141 OSA patients and 145 controls). RESULTS: Elevated serum dopamine levels were observed in OSA patients (p = 0.01), with dopamine levels correlating independently with OSA and male gender. Genotypic analysis identified the DRD2 rs1800497 T allele as a potential independent predictor of OSA severity (p = 0.011), hypopnea (p = 0.005) and arousals (p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: This study advances the understanding of OSA by identifying elevated dopamine levels and genetic variations in DRD2 rs1800497 as potential modulators of its occurrence and severity. These findings pave the way for personalized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. By integrating neurobiology, genetics, and clinical practice, this research contributes to the evolving framework for precision medicine in sleep disorders.

Humans↗
PubMed2025

Lentiviral CRISPRa/i in the adult prairie vole brain: modulating neuronal gene expression without DNA cleavage.

Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) are a powerful model for studying the neurobiology of social bonding, yet tools for region- and cell type-specific gene regulation remain underdeveloped in this species. Here, we present a lentivirus-mediated CRISPR activation and interference (CRISPRa/i) platform for somatic gene modulation in the prairie vole brain. This system enables non-mutagenic, titratable regulation of gene expression in the adult brain without germline modification. Our dual-vector system includes one construct expressing dCas9-VPR (VP64-p65-Rta) referred to as CRISPRa or dCas9-KRAB-MeCP2 (Kruppel-associated box-methyl CpG binding protein 2), referred to as CRISPRi under a neuron-specific promoter, and a second construct delivering a U6-driven sgRNA (single guide RNA) alongside an elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1α)-driven mCherry reporter. We detail the design, production, and stereotaxic delivery of these tools and demonstrate their application by targeting four genes implicated in social behavior (Oxtr, Avpr1a, Drd1, and Drd2) across two mesolimbic brain regions: the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum. Gene expression analyses confirmed robust, bidirectional transcriptional modulation for selected targets, establishing a proof of concept for CRISPRa/i in this non-traditional model. The dual-vector design is readily adaptable to other gene targets, cell types, and brain regions, and can be multiplexed to provide a flexible and scalable framework for investigating gene function in behaviorally relevant circuits. These advances represent the first successful implementation of somatic CRISPRa/i in prairie voles and expand the genetic toolkit available for this species.

Avpr1a↗
PubMed2025

Genetic and Epigenetic Approaches to Opioid Use Disorder.

BACKGROUND: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a major global-scale social issue affecting public health. The high potential for addiction and dependence makes opioid use a significant concern, contributing to substance-related disorders. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the predisposition to OUD, with the opioidergic, dopaminergic, and GABAergic systems playing primary roles in itsonset. METHODS: This narrative review documents the association between genes and their variants related to these three systems, along with current evidence on epigenetic interventions in OUD. Relevant studies investigating candidate-gene associations and molecular mechanisms were synthesized to highlight genetic variants and epigenetic processes linked to OUD. RESULTS: Genetic associations play a prominent role in OUD, with several single-nucleotide variants identified in affected populations. Key genes implicated include OPRM1, OPRD1, OPRK1, PDYN, OPRL1, and POMC from the opioidergic system; DRD1, DRD2, DRD3, DRD4, ANKK1, and COMT from the dopaminergic system; and GABRA2, GABRB3, GABRG2, GAD1, and GAD2 from the GABAergic system. Evidence also indicates that chronic opioid use is associated with epigenetic changes through posttranslational histone modifications and DNA methylation. However, limitations in existing studies include small sample sizes, limited replication, and potential stratification biases. CONCLUSIONS: Although many candidate-gene associations have been proposed for OUD, robust evidence remains limited. Large, ancestrally diverse genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and systematic replication studies are urgently needed. A deeper understanding of the genetic, epigenetic, and neurobiological bases of addiction will be essential for the development of precisely targeted medications to improve prevention and treatment outcomes for OUD.

Humans↗