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To evaluate the prevalence of soft deposits and the trend of dmf/DMF index, a group of children between 3 and 12 years of age has been examined. A DMF Index of 5.74 at 12 proves the need to promote educational and prevention programmes in the Ulss 34 area since the WHO program "Health for all in the year 2000" sets a target of a DMF Index below 3 at 12.
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The DMF index is the one most commonly used in oral epidemiology to quantify the extent of caries. It represents the total of untreated decayed, missing and filled teeth in a person's mouth. A review of the literature shows that while this index is internationally recognized by the scientific community and people engaged in clinical dental practice, information demonstrating its reproducibility is scanty. The initiation and promotion of studies on the validity of the DMF index depend on first evaluating its reproducibility. This evaluation is based on an analysis of the rate of concordance between the results observed when a sample of subjects is examined twice, either by the same examiner or by two examiners at different times. Three types of comparison were carried out as part of this presentation: comparisons of results by one examiner, between two examiners, and between the two clinical forms of the DMF index according to whether it is calculated by tooth (DMFT) or tooth surface (DMFS). Each of the comparisons covered a group of 50 or so adult subjects selected solely for having an adequate number of teeth presenting different conditions. In all 215 persons were examined twice, making up a total of over 21,000 characters recorded. The state of each of the 32 permanent teeth, or of their 148 surfaces for the DMFS index, was codified using a digit selected from the seven possibilities corresponding to the letters D, M, F, and S (tooth that has not developed, untreated decayed, extracted, filled, healthy, replaced by a fixed or removable prosthesis). The statistical analysis covered 5 variables: the number of decayed, missing, filled and healthy teeth and the DMF index, for the whole mouth and tooth by tooth. The main finding emerging from this study is that for each comparison the rates of concordance are very high, higher for the one-examiner comparisons (> 64%) than for the two-examiner comparisons (> 45%). Comparison between the two types of data-gathering shows rates of over 72% for all the variables. The correlation coefficients between the scores attributed in two successive examinations are all over 0.9, with very small variation intervals even when the rates of concordance are lower. In fact, the differences between the results are generally of the order of +/- 1 tooth. Except in two cases, the Student test (t test) is not significant, which indicates that the means of each of the 5 variables did not differ statistically from one observation to another.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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The DMF index can be estimated at double the value observed in the exam of two hemiarchs (Upper Right and Lower Left), or at four times the value obtained from six teeth (First Molar and Central Incisor Upper Right, first bicuspid upper left, second molar and lateral incisor lower left and second bicuspid lower right. The estimates were made by the use of methods of descriptive statistics, averages, percentages and the coefficient of the prevalence of caries, in a sample of 100 people, aged from 18 to 25 years.
The Decayed, Missing, Filled (DMF) index has been used for over 50 years and is well established as the key measure of caries experience in dental epidemiology. Despite its long history of use, there is debate about the most appropriate number of surfaces to include for a missing tooth. Assigning the maximum possible value for the 'M' component of DMFS (Surfaces) leads to overestimation of an individual's caries experience, and in any associated comparisons of in-caries experience, whereas assigning the minimum possible value for the 'M' component has the opposite effect. Alternative methods of assigning the number of caries-affected surfaces for an extracted tooth are considered. The net caries increment and adjusted caries increment (common methods of correction of the crude increment measure for reversals) are discussed, along with incidence density, a measure of caries extent. Problems exist with the adjusted caries increment, particularly among cohorts with low mean baseline caries experience. Development of an alternative method of estimating the relationship of 'true' and 'examiner' reversals is advocated, as well as greater utilization of incidence density in dental epidemiology.
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The general educational level and the dental health knowledge are negatively correlated with the DMF index and its M component. They are positively correlated with the number of primarily sound teeth. No correlations could be established between the aforementioned criteria and the D component.
The regularity of dental care, preferably provided by one and the same dentist, exerts a positive effect on the incidence of caries and dental health knowledge. The DMF index and the results from interviews aiming at evaluating dental health knowledge were used in comparing groups of subjects without dental care and with regular or irregular dental care delivered by one and the same dentist or by different dentists.
The eruption and mineralization of third molars are the main criteria for dental age estimation of living people involved in criminal proceedings. Since the development of third molars is usually completed by the age of 19 or 20 years, this feature cannot be used to ascertain whether a person has attained the forensically relevant age of 21 years. This study examined whether the DMFT index or the third molar DFT index could supply reliable information enabling conclusions to be drawn about whether a person has reached the age of 21. To this end, 650 conventional orthopantomograms of German subjects aged 18 to 30 years were evaluated. The DMF index variations considered were found to be unsuitable for determining whether a person is over 21 because they displayed a weak correlation with age and considerable individual scatter. A high indicative value can only be attributed to a third molar DFT index of 4, although this is rarely observed in the relevant age group. An X-ray examination of the medial clavicular epiphyseal cartilage is, therefore, strongly recommended when assessing whether a person has attained 21 years of age.
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