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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effects of diet type on incidence of spontaneous and 2-acetylaminofluorene-induced liver and bladder tumors in BALB/c mice fed AIN-76A diet versus NIH-07 diet.

Diet is a major influence on the responses of experimental animals to drugs, toxins, and carcinogens. Two diets used widely in toxicological and/or nutritional studies, and considered to be nutritionally adequate, were compared with respect to their influence on growth, body weight, lifespan, spontaneous neoplasia, and neoplastic responses to 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF). Both sexes of weanling BALB/c mice were fed either a purified diet (AIN-76A) or a nonpurified, natural ingredient diet (NIH-07), with or without 2-AAF for up to 2 years. Dosages of 2-AAF were administered to males at 0, 20, 40, or 60 ppm in each diet and to females at 0, 100, 125, or 150 ppm. Each group consisted of 96 mice. In most instances, males and females fed purified diet (AIN-fed) gained weight more rapidly, attained higher maximum body weights, and died earlier than their non-purified diet (NIH-fed) counterparts. 2-AAF inhibited weight gain significantly only in AIN-fed females. Thus, females receiving 150 ppm 2-AAF gained little more than their NIH-fed counterparts. At the dosages used in males, 2-AAF did not induce liver neoplasia but the AIN diet was clearly associated with a higher spontaneous frequency of liver neoplasia than the NIH diet. Although 2-AAF induced liver tumors in females fed either diet at all dosages, a higher frequency and earlier appearance of liver tumors among AIN-fed females than their NIH-fed counterparts was apparent mainly at the lowest dosage. 2-AAF induced bladder neoplasia in both sexes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

2-Acetylaminofluorene↗
PubMed1989

[Differentiated enteral feeding in the post-aggression phase in polytrauma patients. Comparison of a high calorie nutritionally defined diet (whole protein high calorie diet) with a peptide diet].

Two groups of 10 patients with an identical mean injury score (25 + 5) were treated from day 3 after injury until day 10 with a whole protein high caloric (WPHC) diet (group A) or with a peptide diet (PD) (group B). Intake of calories, protein, water, Na+ and K+ was measured daily as well as excretion of urine, Na+ and K+. Gastric reflux, bowel movement and plasma levels of Na+ and K+ were registered and the nitrogen balance and Na+/K+ quotient in urine were calculated daily. Clinically both diets were well tolerated, with low gastric reflux and no diarrhea. The calculated caloric demand could be covered in group A on day 7 post-injury (or day 4 of enteral nutrition) and in group B on day 11 post-injury (or day 7 of enteral nutrition). The caloric intake in group A remained significantly higher on days 4-10. There was no difference in nitrogen balance. Total enteral Na+ and fluid intake were significantly lower in group A, but some additional parenteral Na+ had to be given to keep plasma Na+ levels in the normal range. There was no difference in urine output between the 2 groups; therefore, there was a significant fluid retention in group B. Interestingly, the Na+/K+ quotient in urine was significantly higher in group A. The low Na+ intake might influence the back flow of interstitial edema in the 'flow phase'. This diet seems to be adequate, especially for the nutrition of burn patients and of patients with cardiac disease, and can cover the high caloric needs of polytraumatised patients within a few days.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Correspondence between perceptions of change in diet and 15-year change in diet reports in the Tecumseh Diet Methodology Study.

As part of an effort to assess the most reliable method of obtaining information about long-term dietary intake, a study was conducted of the correspondence between perception of change in diet and measured change in reported diet from 1967 to 1982. Respondents were 1,201 men and women participants in the Tecumseh Food Frequency Study of 1967-1969 who were 45-64 years of age in 1982-1983, the time of the Diet Methodology Study. Perceptions of change were obtained by asking respondents directly if they thought they currently ate each of 12 food groups more often, less often, or as often as they did during the year of their earlier interview. Measured change was obtained by subtracting each respondent's baseline frequency for each of the 12 food groups from his or her current frequency. For 10 of the 12 food groups, correspondence was found between perception of change and measured change; fats and oils added at the table and meat were the exceptions. Significant linear relationships were found between perceptions and measured change for all food groups except fats and oils. However, greatly varying coefficients were associated with terms such as more often or as often as before, thereby limiting the potential utility of combining perceptions of change with current frequencies to obtain a reliable measure of baseline frequencies.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of cereal-based diet with purified diet by short-term feeding studies in rats, mice and hamsters, with emphasis on toxicity characteristics.

Animal diets used in toxicity studies are prepared either from natural ingredients (cereal-based diet) or from more refined products (purified diet). The type of diet may influence both the outcome of the study and the values obtained with the various parameters in test and control animals. To detect the parameters sensitive to changes in diet composition, short-term (4-wk) studies were conducted in rats, mice and hamsters fed either a cereal-based diet or the AIN-76A purified diet supplemented with vitamins and minerals at the highest recommended levels for each of the species used. Although the purified diet was more palatable to rats and showed a higher protein quality, growth rate and food intake were generally slightly higher with the cereal-based diet in each of the species examined. The haematological values of the two diet groups were generally comparable. On the cereal-based diet the production of faeces was considerably higher than on the purified diet and was accompanied by a higher weight of the caecum. These findings were attributed to the relatively high level and mixed composition of the fibre fraction in the cereal-based diet. Blood levels of cholesterol and phospholipids were clearly lower on the cereal-based diet than on the purified diet. Because the differences were probably due to the level and composition of the fibre fraction, they support the suggestion to replace the 5% cellulose of the AIN-76A diet by a higher level of a more composite but well defined source of dietary fibre.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Immune parameters in male atheletes after a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet and a mixed Western diet.

The influence of a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet versus a meat-rich Western diet on in vitro measures of immune function was studied in eight male endurance athletes. Subjects consumed two different diets for 2 x 6 wk, separated by 4 wk on an ad libitum diet, in a cross-over design. Both diets consisted of 57 energy % (E%) carbohydrates, 14 E% protein and 29 E% fat. One diet was a mixed meat-rich diet (M) prepared with 69% animal protein sources, whereas the other diet (V) was a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet prepared with 82% vegetable protein sources. Blood for determination of leukocyte subpopulations and in vitro function was collected at the end of each diet period 36 h after the last training bout. Fiber content and P/S ratio of fatty acids were twice as high on the V diet as on the M diet. Training volume was similar on the two diets, and maximal aerobic capacity did not change during diet periods. The number of CD3+ (pan T-cells), CD8+ (mainly T suppressor cells), CD4+ (mainly T helper cells), CD16+ (natural killer cells), and CD14+ (monocytes) was similar after the two different diets. Similarly, proliferations of mononuclear cells after stimulation with interleukin-2 (IL-2), phytohemagglutinin, and purified derivative of tuberculin (PPD), as well as activity of natural killer cells in the unstimulated state and after stimulation with IL-2, indomethacin, and interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), were identical after the two diet periods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Safety and efficacy of long-term diet and diet plus bile acid-binding resin cholesterol-lowering therapy in 73 children heterozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia.

Our specific aim was to examine the efficacy and safety of long-term cholesterol-lowering diet and bile acid-binding resin therapy in 73 children heterozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). We prospectively followed accretion of height and weight in 40 FH children for 5.8 years on diet alone and in 33 FH children for 4.3 years on diet and bile acid-binding resins (8 to 20 g/d). In 67 of these 73 children, sequential data on plasma cholesterol lowering was obtained, including 32 children on diet plus bile acid-binding resins and 35 on diet alone. For all 73 children, median age, sex, and race-specific percentiles for height and weight at entry were 50 and 50, respectively, and 5.7 years later, were unchanged at 50 and 50. Initial and final percentiles for height (r = .76, P less than .001) and weight (r = .70, P less than .001) were closely correlated. Percentile distributions for height and weight at entry into the study did not differ from those at the end of follow-up (P greater than .1), in both the 40 FH children on diet alone and the 33 on diet plus bile acid-binding resins. Tracking of height and weight did not differ in the 40 children on diet alone v the 33 on diet plus bile acid-binding resins (P greater than .1). During 6 years of follow-up there were no significant differences in the percentage of serial, postbaseline measurements for height which were either less than or greater than or equal to baseline percentiles, comparing 40 FH children on diet alone, 33 FH children on diet plus resin, and 39 normal children (on ad libitum diet). FH children on diet or plus resin had a smaller percentage of weight measurements equal to or more than baseline percentiles than normals on follow-up (P less than .01), probably reflecting restriction of total fat intake to less than 35% of calories. On diet alone, 32 FH children had total plasma cholesterol of 307 +/- 8 mg/dL (mean +/- SE); bile acid-binding resins were added to diet in these children at an average age of 11.5 years, with this regimen maintained for 4.6 +/- 0.4 years, leading to a mean reduction in total plasma cholesterol of 12.5% +/- 2% beyond the effects of diet alone (P less than .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Lipid peroxidation of liver microsome membranes induced by choline-deficient diets and its relationship to the diet-induced promotion of the induction of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-positive foci.

The effects of varying the type of dietary fat in the choline-deficient (CD) diet on the development of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT)-positive foci in the liver of carcinogen-treated rats were investigated, and the results were correlated with the extent of membrane lipid peroxidation induced by the diets. Male Sprague Dawley rats were initiated with a single dose of diethylnitrosamine. Thereafter, groups of rats were fed choline-supplemented or CD diets in which the amount of saturated fat was varied by using hydrogenated vegetable oil (Primex) and corn oil (CO), either alone or in combination. The number and size of GGT-positive foci induced by the CD diet with CO as the sole source of fat were larger than those induced by the diet containing mixtures of Primex and CO. The CD diet with Primex alone was the least effective in inducing GGT-positive foci. Peroxidation of liver microsomal membrane lipids in rats fed regular CD or CD:CO diets was examined by determining the formation of conjugated dienes. The generation of diene conjugate in rats fed a CD:CO diet was evident after 2 days of the diet feeding, and the levels increased at 1 and 2 weeks. No significant diene conjugate was demonstrated in rats fed a regular CD diet for 2 days. However, after 1 and 2 weeks, there was generation of diene conjugate, the levels of which were lower in rats fed the CD diet than those on a CD:CO diet. Addition of an antioxidant, 0.25% butylated hydroxytoluene, to both CD and CD:CO diets abolished the generation of diene conjugate in rat liver microsomal membranes and markedly inhibited the promotion of GGT-positive foci in the liver of diethylnitrosamine-initiated rats. The results suggest that membrane lipid peroxidation in the liver may be related to the promotion of the induction of GGT-positive foci by a CD diet. The enhanced promotion by the inclusion of a higher level of polyunsaturated fat in the diet may be, in part, due to its greater susceptibility to peroxidation.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The effects of continuous naltrexone infusions on diet preferences are modulated by adaptation to the diets.

Two groups of male rats were placed on a feeding regimen in which a fat/protein diet and a carbohydrate/protein diet were available ad lib. Naltrexone was infused via osmotic minipumps either at the time the diets were introduced or after one week of adaptation to the diets. In rats adapted to the diets, naltrexone caused a decrease in the intakes of fat/protein and carbohydrate/protein diets. Relative preferences for the two diets were generally unchanged. In contrast, when naltrexone was infused at the time of introduction of the diets, a polarization phenomenon was observed: rats tended to consume nearly all of their daily calories from either one diet or the other. Six rats (out of 10) showed a stronger preference for the carbohydrate/protein diet than did any of the saline-treated rats, while 3 showed a stronger preference for the fat/protein diet than did any of the saline-treated rats. Thus, the effect was not diet- or macronutrient-specific. These preferences became significantly less extreme after termination of naltrexone infusions. Conditioned aversions and naltrexone-induced reductions in exploratory behavior are discussed as potential explanations for this polarization effect. These results indicate that naltrexone has differential effects on the development versus the maintenance of diet preferences. Further, they emphasize the importance of examining individual differences as well as baseline preferences in studies on the control of intake and diet selection.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Reduction of plasma cholesterol levels in normal men on an American Heart Association Step 1 diet or a Step 1 diet with added monounsaturated fat.

The design of diets to achieve optimal changes in plasma lipid levels is controversial. In a randomized, double-blind trial involving 36 healthy young men, we evaluated the effects on plasma lipid levels of both an American Heart Association Step 1 diet (in which 30 percent of the total calories were consumed as fat: 10 percent saturated, 10 percent monounsaturated, and 10 percent polyunsaturated fats, with 250 mg of cholesterol per day) and a monounsaturated fat-enriched Step 1 diet (with 38 percent of the calories consumed as fat: 10 percent saturated, 18 percent monounsaturated, and 10 percent polyunsaturated fats, with 250 mg of cholesterol per day). The effects of these diets were then compared with those of an average American diet, in which 38 percent of the total calories were consumed as fat: 18 percent saturated, 10 percent monounsaturated, and 10 percent polyunsaturated fats, with 500 mg of cholesterol per day. The men consumed the average American diet for 10 weeks before random assignment to one of the two Step 1 diets or to continuation of the average diet for an additional 10 weeks. Caloric intake was adjusted to maintain a constant body weight. As compared with the mean (+/- SD) change in the plasma total cholesterol level in the group that followed the average American diet throughout the study (-0.05 +/- 0.36 mmol per liter), there were statistically significant reductions (P less than 0.025) in the plasma total cholesterol level in the group on the Step 1 diet (-0.37 +/- 0.27 mmol per liter) and in the group on the monounsaturated fat-enriched Step 1 diet (-0.46 +/- 0.36 mmol per liter). There were parallel reductions in the plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in these two groups. Neither the plasma triglyceride levels nor the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations changed significantly with any diet. We conclude that enrichment of the Step 1 diet with monounsaturated fat does not alter the beneficial effects of the Step 1 diet on plasma lipid concentrations.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Energy balance and facultative diet-induced thermogenesis in mice fed a high-fat diet.

The present study was aimed at studying energy balance in mice fed a high-fat diet. Albino mice were divided into three groups. One group had free access to the stock diet, whereas the two other groups consumed a high-fat diet. One of the high-fat fed groups was fed ad libitum, whereas the other was offered a restricted amount of the same diet so that its energy intake was comparable to the group of mice given the stock diet. Energy balance measurements, which included indirect calorimetry and carcass analysis, were performed. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) properties were also investigated. The results show that gains in both body weight and fat were higher in mice that had free access to high-fat diet than in mice fed the stock diet. In animals given a restricted amount of the high-fat diet, fat gain increased, whereas protein gain was reduced in comparison with animals fed the stock diet. Unrestricted access to the high-fat diet led to an increase in both energy intake and energy gain. As revealed by both slaughter and indirect calorimetry techniques energy expenditure was, in high-fat fed mice, 40% higher than in animals fed either stock or a restricted amount of high-fat diet. Nadolol was shown to suppress a large part of the elevated metabolic rate seen in mice fed an unrestricted high-fat diet. In those mice, BAT mitochondrial GDP binding was also increased. In summary, the present results confirm that adaptive diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) develops in mice made hyperphagic by an energy-dense palatable diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMed1991

Effect of diet composition and feed intake level on diet digestibility and ruminal metabolism in growing lambs.

Lambs (29 +/- 2.5 kg) were fed three diets at various intakes to determine whether diet composition or level of intake was reflected in changes in diet digestibility or ruminal fluid characteristics. In Exp. 1, a 90% concentrated, pelleted diet or a whole shelled corn diet with a pelleted protein supplement was fed at three levels of intake: ad libitum and 92.5 and 85% of ad libitum (n = 15). Exp. 2 compared the 90% concentrate diet with diets in which the energy density was diluted to 55 or 72.5% concentrate by including alfalfa hay as a possible method of restricting energy intake (n = 6). Lambs were adapted to diets for 13 d; feces were collected for 6 d and ruminal fluid was collected 0, 3, and 6 h after feeding on the day following fecal collection. Restricting intake in Exp. 1 did not affect DM digestibility or digestibility of CP or starch. Digestibility of ADF was increased (P less than .10) by restricting intake. Ruminal fluid pH, ammonia concentration and VFA concentrations were affected little by either restricted intake level. Digestibility of DM was 4% higher (P less than .001) and starch 5% higher (P less than .001) for the whole shelled corn diet than for the pelleted, high-concentrate diet. Ruminal pH of lambs fed the whole shelled corn diet was higher and fluctuated less than the ruminal pH of lambs fed the high-concentrate, pelleted diet. In Exp. 2, diet digestibility was reduced (P less than .01) and ruminal pH was increased (P less than .002) by addition of hay. Restricted feeding of lambs did not seem to increase diet digestibility or alter ruminal conditions.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1992

Rapeseed oil and sunflower oil diets enhance platelet in vitro aggregation and thromboxane production in healthy men when compared with milk fat or habitual diets.

In this highly controlled trial, 26 normolipidemic men (average age 28 years, range 18 to 60) were fed a baseline diet high in milk fat (MF) (fat 36% of energy, saturates 19%, monounsaturates 11%, polyunsaturates 4%), followed by a diet high in sunflower oil (SO) (fat 38% of energy, saturates 13%, monounsaturates 10%, polyunsaturates 13%) and another diet high in low erucic-acid rapeseed oil (RO) (fat 38% of energy, saturates 12%, monounsaturates 16%, polyunsaturates 8%). All diets were mixed natural diets with the same cholesterol contents. The baseline milk fat diet was given for 14 days and the oil diets for 24 days in a blind cross-over design. The platelet in vitro aggregation (slope %/min) induced by 1, 2 and 3 microM ADP and collagen (25 micrograms/ml PRP) was highly significantly (p less than 0.001) increased after both oil diets when compared with the results from the milk fat diet. The aggregation pattern determined by threshold collagen concentration confirmed increased collagen sensitivity of the platelets after the rapeseed oil diet (p less than 0.001). The enhancement of platelet aggregation was associated with increased in vitro platelet thromboxane production after the oil diets vs. the milk fat diet (p less than 0.05 after the sunflower oil diet and p less than 0.001 after the rapeseed oil diet).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reproduction and organ weight responses in female rats fed a restricted balanced diet or a restricted nonprotein calorie diet with or without supplemental glutamine or cysteine.

Primiparous Sprague-Dawley rats were used in two experiments to test the hypothesis that restriction of carbohydrate and fat calories alone versus comparable restriction of a balanced diet through gestation produces differential effects on gastrointestinal tract, reproductive tract and conceptus development. Rats were assigned on d 1 of pregnancy (13 rats/diet) to the following diets in Expt. 1: (1) balanced control diet fed ad libitum, C; (2) control diet fed at 50% of ad libitum intake, R; (3) restricted nonprotein energy diet containing twice the concentrations of protein, vitamins and mineral elements as the balanced control diet but fed at 50% of ad libitum intake of control diet, RCal; (4) R diet modified plus 0.21% L-cysteine, R + Cys; (5) R diet modified plus 1.54% L-glutamine, R + Glu. In Expt. 2, the treatment groups were: (1) Control diet, C; (2) C diet fed at 50% of ad libitum, R; (3) RCal diet fed at 50% of ad libitum intake of C; (4) RCal diet plus 2% L-glutamine fed at 50% of ad libitum intake of C. All pregnant rats were euthanized on d 20 postcoitum. Body weight of control dams was greater (P less than .01) than that of other dams in both experiments. Uterus weight and litter weight were less in RCal than in other dams in both experiments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Dietary regulation of voluntary alcohol consumption in rats. Influence of a high protein diet and a methylene blue diet.

The importance of glucose homeostasis for high voluntary alcohol consumption was studied in alcohol-preferring (AA) and alcohol-avoiding (ANA) rats fed either a control diet, a protein-rich diet or a control diet supplemented with methylene blue. AA rats on the control diet were found to receive 13.6% of their daily energy intake from alcohol. On the high-protein or methylene blue diet, the alcohol consumption of the AA rats was respectively 40% and 48% higher than on the control diet. The voluntary alcohol consumption of ANA rats corresponded to 0.8-2.3% of their daily energy intake irrespective of diet. The protein diet increased the blood glucose concentration of AA rats by 20% but no increase was observed after the methylene blue diet. The diets had no effect on the blood glucose levels of ANA rats. In AA rats, the protein diet reduced the hepatic concentration of the three major glucogenic amino acids (serine, glycine, alanine) on average by 24%, suggesting an increased utilization for gluconeogenesis. No such reduction was observed in AA rats on the methylene blue diet or in ANA rats on any diet. The utilization of amino acids for maintenance of glucose balance in AA rats is further supported by the observed negative correlation between plasma concentration of urea, the end product of amino acid catabolism, and the sum of the concentrations of the three glucogenic amino acids in the liver, and by the positive correlation between plasma urea and blood glucose concentration. Furthermore, in AA rats, but not in ANA rats, the concentration of alanine, the main amino acid used in gluconeogenesis, correlated negatively with the amount of alcohol consumed. These findings indicate that the maintenance of glucose homeostatis is important for high voluntary alcohol consumption.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1987

The mouse bioassay for the detection of estrogenic activity in rodent diets: II. Comparative estrogenic activity of purified, certified and standard open and closed formula rodent diets.

A major source of exogenous estrogenic substances, which may affect laboratory animals, comes from the diet. To test the possibility that commercially available rodent diets may significantly influence uterine weights and uterine:body weight (U:BW) ratios, estrogen bioassays were performed using female CD-1 mice weaned at 15 days of age and assigned randomly to a variety of commercial test diets or to a control diet (Purina #5002) containing 0 or 6 ppb added diethylstilbestrol (DES) for comparison. Mice were housed five per cage and given deionized water and feed ad libitum. Uterine:BW ratios from 15 mice per diet were determined after 3, 5 and 7 days of feeding. Mice fed The American Institute of Nutrition purified diet (AIN-76A) or the Purina #5015 natural ingredient breeder diet had significantly (P less than 0.05) increased U:BW ratios at 3, 5 and 7 days post weaning when compared to the control diet without added DES. This increase in U:BW ratios was similar to the U:BW ratios observed in a natural ingredient maintenance diet (Purina #5002), containing 6 ppb of DES. These results show that significant differences exist in the level of substances which can cause increase in uterine weight in some commercial diets. The diet may be important when performing or comparing certain types of studies, especially those relating to estrogenic substances. A standardized diet with minimal estrogenic activity may be desirable for such studies. It is unclear from the present studies what substances might be responsible for the uterine growth promoting activity in the diets examined.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1985

Energy balance and brown fat activity in rats fed cafeteria diets or high-fat, semisynthetic diets at several levels of intake.

The object of the study was to determine the relative effects of hyperphagia and diet composition on energy balance and thermogenic activity in rats fed highly palatable cafeteria diets. Three types of diet were used: a pelleted stock diet, a cafeteria diet composed of a variety of human food items, and semisynthetic diets with nutrient compositions similar to the stock and cafeteria diets. Feeding rats a high-fat semisynthetic diet (similar to the cafeteria diet) at a energy intake equivalent to that of stock-fed controls (approximately 2.5 times maintenance) resulted in greater body energy gains and energetic efficiencies. These effects were probably due to the reduced energy costs of fat synthesis associated with high-fat diets. No effect of dietary composition on body energy gain was seen in animals fed below 2.5 times maintenance. Animals fed four cafeteria food items each day, or the high-fat semisynthetic diet, at 2.5 times maintenance showed significantly greater thermogenic responses to norepinephrine, increased brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass, and greater BAT mitochondrial GDP binding than controls on the same intake. Injection of propranolol reduced oxygen consumption in all groups, but the effect was greater in animals on higher intakes and was highest in the cafeteria groups. Thus, increasing fat intake, either by presenting cafeteria food items or by feeding a high-fat semisynthetic diet at the same level of intake as controls, stimulates the sympathetic nervous system and BAT activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMed1987

A comparative study of serum lipoproteins in rabbits fed a natural ingredient diet or low-fat, cholesterol-free, semipurified diets containing casein or isolated soy protein.

In rabbits fed a cholesterol-free, semipurified diet containing isolated soy protein, the average total serum cholesterol level was similar to that of rabbits fed a natural ingredient (chow) diet. However, the cholesterol and protein levels in very low density (VLDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) tended to increase, while the levels in high density lipoproteins (HDL) were reduced to about half of those on the chow diet, with little change in the cholesterol to protein ratio. Substitution of casein for soy protein in the semipurified diet caused a four- to five-fold increase in total serum cholesterol and a doubling of lipoprotein protein, with an increase of 1.4- to 3.0-fold in the cholesterol to protein ratio of the different lipoprotein fractions. Analysis of the apoproteins (apo) of the plasma lipoproteins indicated that apo B, E, and C all tended to increase in the VLDL and LDL of rabbits fed the soy protein diet compared with those fed chow diet. The levels of each of the apoproteins were increased further by substituting casein for soy protein in the semipurified diet. In this case, apo E showed the greatest relative increase (2.7-fold) in VLDL, while apo B and E were increased to a similar extent (about 4-fold) in LDL. Apo C was approximately doubled in each of these fractions. The apo A content in HDL of rabbits fed the semipurified diets was about half that of rabbits fed chow diet. No marked changes were noted in the apo E or C content of HDL. Separation of isoforms of the soluble apoproteins showed variations between individual animals, but these variations seemed largely unrelated to diet. The results of these studies indicate that semipurified diets produce changes in the serum lipoprotein patterns of rabbits that are only partly due to the protein component of these diets.

Animals↗