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Results for “DEXTRO AMPHETAMINE”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1973

Levo(-) amphetamine and dextro(+) amphetamine in the treatment of narcolepsy.

The narcoleptic syndrome is a life-long and sometimes familial disorder in which there is a disturbance of the rapid eye movement phase of sleep. Patients with periodic sleep in the daytime but no other symptoms seldom develop the narcoleptic syndrome and have a separate unrelated disorder. Twelve patients with the narcoleptic syndrome were treated separately with l(-) amphetamine and d(+) amphetamine. Both drugs abolished narcolepsy, d(+) amphetamine being slightly more potent than l(-) amphetamine. In equipotent doses, unwanted effects of nervousness and insomnia were equal in frequency. No tolerance to either preparation developed during a six month period. Cataplexy was not affected by amphetamine treatment, but was abolished in two patients when clomipramine was given together with either amphetamine.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Dextro-amphetamine increases phosphoinositol cycle activity in volunteers: an MRS study.

AIMS: To help determine the effects of dextro-amphetamine on the phosphoinositol cycle (PI-cycle) in humans, (1)H and (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was utilized in 17 healthy volunteers. This was an open-label study carried out before and after administration of 20 mg oral dextro-amphetamine. Subjects also rated the subjective effects of dextro-amphetamine administration using visual analog scales (VAS). MAJOR FINDINGS: Following dextro-amphetamine administration there was a significant increase in the concentrations of both myo-inositol and phosphomonoesters. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are in keeping with suggestions that dextro-amphetamine administration increases the activity of the phosphoinositol cycle, probably via an indirect release of dopamine and noradrenaline. These results are the first time that this has been confirmed in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

A comparison of dextro-amphetamine and racemic-amphetamine in the treatment of the hyperkinetic syndrome or minimal brain dysfunction.

In a double-blind trial of placebo, dextro-amphetamine, racemic-amphetamine, and methylphenidate, each used for a week, in 48 children with the diagnosis of Minimal Brain Dysfunction or Hyperkinetic Syndrome, it was found that although on the average dextro-amphetamine as well as methylphenidate was significantly superior to racemic-amphetamine, with side effects about the same, in some cases racemic-amphetamine was superior to both dextro-amphetamine and methylphenidate. In 20 cases, improvement was about the same for both the dextro and racemic forms; of these 20, side effects were absent for both in 10 patients; dextro-amphetamine showed fewer side effects in 3 patients, and racemic-amphetamine showed fewer side effects in 7 patients. In 20 other patients, dextro-amphetamine resulted in greater clinical improvement than racemic-amphetamine, while in 7 cases the reverse was true.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Lithium and valproate protect against dextro-amphetamine induced brain choline concentration changes in bipolar disorder patients.

BACKGROUND: Lithium may affect brain choline concentrations, and this effect has been proposed to potentially explain its clinical efficacy. Since dextro-amphetamine is a useful human model of mania, we were interested in determining firstly whether dextro-amphetamine would alter brain choline concentrations, and secondly to determine if lithium would protect against any such changes in bipolar patients. In addition, we wanted to determine if valproate would also have any effects upon choline levels. METHODS: Healthy controls (n=18) were compared with euthymic Bipolar Disorder patients (Type I and Type II) who were taking lithium (n=14) or valproate (n=11). We utilized (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) in a 3.0T scanner to examine brain choline/phosphocholine+creatine (Cho/Cr) ratios. Changes in this ratio were measured to determine any changes in choline concentrations in the temporal lobe. RESULTS: The results showed that administration of dextro-amphetamine decreased the Cho/Cr ratios. In contrast, in both the lithium-treated and valproate-treated patients this decrease was not seen; this attenuation in the change in Cho/Cr ratio changes was statistically significant. It should be noted that Cho/Cr ratios were significantly higher at baseline in the controls compared to both groups of patients, which may have influenced the results. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are the first to examine the effects of dextro-amphetamine on brain choline concentrations. They show that while in controls dextro-amphetamine decreases choline concentrations, lithium and valproate both appear to protect against this effect in bipolar patients. However, as brain ratios were measured rather than the absolute concentration of choline, and these ratios were lowered in patients at baseline, these results must be regarded as preliminary and require replication in future studies.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1978

Prediction of imipramine antidepressant response by a one-day dextro-amphetamine trial.

This study provides additional evidence that there is a moderate association between the acute activation, euphoria, and antidepressant responses to dextro-amphetamine and the antidepressant response to imipramine during a four-week trial. Comparison of the responses of 13 patients to dextro-amphetamine on two different days during a double blind trial indicated that differences in dextro-amphetamine response are consistent, replicable characteristics of individual depressed patients. The variables of sex, diagnosis, diurnal mood variation, platelet MAO activity, and MMPI scale scores were of minimal assistance in revealing factors that might be associated with activation or antidepressant responses to dextro-amphetamine in this small patient group. The authors suggest the need for larger-scale studies in this area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Dextro-amphetamine diminishes negative symptoms in schizophrenia.

Thirty schizophrenic patients received intravenous dextro-amphetamine while on and off pimozide. The results provide evidence that negative symptoms and depressed mood in schizophrenia respond in part to intravenous challenges of dextro-amphetamine. Improvement in negative symptoms while on d-amphetamine correlated significantly with subsequent improvement in the same negative symptoms while on pimozide. These results do not support the Type II model of irreversible negative symptoms in schizophrenia in our patient sample. Changes in negative symptoms may be related to state dependent changes in the dopamine system, but noradrenergic mechanisms cannot be excluded either.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Effect of dextro-amphetamine on reticulo-preoptic interactions in "encéphale isolé" cats.

Intravenous administration of a single dose of dextro-amphetamine (1 mg/kg) in the "encéphale isolé" cat significantly increased amplitude of the P50 and N110 components of the preoptic potential evoked by the stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation and decreased all components of the mesencephalic reticular formation potential evoked by preoptic stimulation. Concomitantly, a state of increased and persistent arousal response was found. These findings support the idea that during wakefulness there is a reticular facilitation and a preoptic inhibition.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Immune response of stressed rats treated with dextro-amphetamine or propranolol.

Rats were immunized with sheep erythrocytes, and 4 days in succession were stressed by restraint for 3 hours/day, or injected with dextro-amphetamine (7.5 mg/kg/day) or propranolol (0.1 mg/kg/day), or both stressed and treated with one of the drugs. Hemolytic plaque-forming cells (PFC) were counted in the spleens on the 5th day. Stress caused marginal suppression of the PFC response. The suppression was considerably potentiated by amphetamine and negligibly so by propranolol. Effect of the drugs has been discussed in view of altered corticosterone secretion.

Animals↗