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Results for “DESERT CLIMATE”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Is enterolithiasis a disease occurring more frequently in desert climate? Apropos of 8 cases].

This work is a report about 8 cases of enterolithiasis treated in our University Hospital between 1980 and 1990. We emphasize the rarity of this condition. We also note its relative frequency (5 of 8 cases) in the Bedouin population of our mostly desertic area, and question the possible impact of a diet rich in goat's milk and/or of tuberculosis, which is still endemic in some tribes. We then discuss the difficulties of diagnosis and the essential contribution of small bowel radiographs. The etiologies of enterolithiasis are reviewed, as well as the various modalities of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Metabolic adaptations of the gerbil, Gerbillus campestris, to a desert climate. Comparison with white mice].

Metabolic rate of gerbils was lower than that of mice (35%). We tried to assess the part played by brown adipose tissue in this low level. Mitochondrial respiration (state 4), protein content and cytochrome-oxidase activity of interscapular BAT mitochondria were very low in gerbils compared to mice, whereas in liver and muscle these parameters were not significantly different. Like in fasting animals, the low level of basal energy expenditure of gerbils may be ascribed to low activity of BAT.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1977

Meteorologic factors and temporal variations of cardiac mortality in an urban setting in a desert climatic zone.

The aim of this investigation was to study, by use of the unbiased and rigorous techniques of lagged cross-covariance and spectral analyses, the associations between daily cardiac mortality and weather conditions in Beersheba, an urban center situated in a hot and dry climatic zone. The results of the analyses point to the existence of seasonal differences in mortality, with a peak in winter. Of greater interest is the statistical documentation of temporal associations between short-term increases in daily mortality and certain weather situations corresponding to the transitional periods of turbulent atmosphere with below normal air temperatures, strong gusty winds and a drop in relative humidity, i.e., conditions accompanying the intrusion of a winter cold wave. The crests in short-term mortality occurred most often within a week of the intrusion of the cold air masses. No consistent cross association was found between high summer temperatures and mortality. The results of this investigation are discussed in the light of those previously reported for Tel Aviv (a coastal city) and Jerusalem (a city situated at a high altitude).

Atmospheric Pressure↗
PubMed1992

Environmental profile and critical temperature effects on milk production of Holstein cows in desert climate.

The environmental profile of central Arizona is quantitatively described using meteorological data between 1971 and 1986. Utilizing ambient temperature criteria of hours per day less than 21 degrees C, between 21 and 27 degrees C, and more than 27 degrees C, the environmental profile of central Arizona consists of varying levels of thermoneutral and heat stress periods. Milk production data from two commercial dairy farms from March 1990 to February 1991 were used to evaluate the seasonal effects identified in the environmental profile. Overall, milk production is lower during heat stress compared to thermoneutral periods. During heat stress, the cool period of hours per day with temperature less than 21 degrees C provides a margin of safety to reduce the effects of heat stress on decreased milk production. Using minimum, mean and maximum ambient temperatures, the upper critical temperatures for milk production are 21, 27 and 32 degrees C, respectively. Using the temperature-humidity index as the thermal environment indicator, the critical values for minimum, mean and maximum THI are 64, 72 and 76, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Genomic exploration of Bacillus paralicheniformis TB197: an agrobiotechnological tool from the Sonoran Desert.

Climate change and the harmful effects of extensive agrochemical use for plant nutrition and pest control on soils, the environment, and human health are driving the search for sustainable alternatives that reduce their use while increasing plant resilience. In regenerative agriculture, microorganisms have become valuable tools, acting as biological control agents or biostimulants, such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, and/or to enhance plant performance under abiotic stress. The genus Bacillus is well known for its versatile interactions with plants. Specifically, Bacillus paralicheniformis TB197 has demonstrated high efficacy in controlling phytopathogenic nematodes and adapting to diverse soil and crop conditions. Based on these traits, we explored the agricultural potential of this strain through genomic analysis and in vitro and in vivo assays. Gene analysis identified functions related to three main areas: (i) stress resistance and plant colonization, (ii) plant growth promotion, and (iii) phytopathogen control. The strain showed high tolerance to salinity and temperature, promoted plant growth, and exhibited strong antifungal activity. These findings highlight the potential of the TB197 strain as a promising candidate for developing next-generation bioinoculants.IMPORTANCEThe use of beneficial microorganisms is a pivotal strategy for mitigating the environmental impacts of intensive agriculture while preserving crop productivity. Bacillus paralicheniformis TB197 is a native desert soil bacterium with genetic traits associated with stress tolerance, plant growth promotion, and suppression of plant pathogens. In this study, we employed a multifaceted approach integrating genomic analysis and functional assays to demonstrate the strain's multifunctional potential as an agricultural bioinoculant. The results of the study demonstrate that a singular bacterial strain can integrate multiple beneficial functions relevant to sustainable agriculture. This work contributes to the field of applied microbiology by expanding the understanding of how environmentally adapted bacteria can serve as biological alternatives to chemical inputs in agroecosystems.

Bacillus↗
PubMed2002

An analysis of skin prick test reactions in asthmatics in a hot climate and desert environment.

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that allergens are very important sensitizing agents in patients with asthma. Respiratory disorders such as asthma and allergic rhinitis are common in the United Arab Emirates, (UAE). OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between allergen specific IgE antibodies and skin test reactivity in patients with asthma in hot climate and desert Arabian country. DESIGN: A hospital-based prospective study conducted. SETTING: Tawam Teaching Hospital, Al-Ain, UAE. PATIENTS: 327 adult patients recruited with respiratory, dermatologic and ophthalmologic diseases of suspected allergic origin who attended Tawam Teaching Hospital of Faculty of Medicine, Al Ain, UAE, during three years from 1996 to 1998. METHODS: Skin Prick Test (SPT) and radioallegosorbent tests (RAST) were performed on 327 patients for common allergens. The blood sample was taken for measuring specific IgE concentration. RESULTS: There were 327 UAE patients of whom 117 (35.8%) were males and 210 (64.2%) were females. The population sample had a higher prevalence of diagnosed asthma among females (48.1%) than in males (36.7%). Skin prick testing showed that 244 patients (74.6%) had positive results, and 83 patients (25.4%) were found to be skin test negative. 44% had a positive family history of asthma. The twelve most common reactions in the United Arab Emirates were: Mesquite (45.5%), Grass Mix (40.7%). Cottonwood (33.1%), Bermuda Grass (31.3%), Kochi (25.8%), Acacia (25.6%), Alfalfa (22.9%), Chenopodium (19.6%), Date palm (13.8%), Cockroach (14.7%), house dust (11.9) and Dust mite (9.5%). Total IgE level (> 100 kU/l) was strongly associated with history of wheeze (p = 0.019), asthma (p = 0.01) and allergic rhinitis (p < 0.0001), atopy (p < 0.0001) and the presence of specific IgE antibodies to grass pollen (p < 0.0001), mite (p = 0.008) and cockroaches (p = 0.025). CONCLUSION: The present study revealed that hypersensitivity to pollens, house dust, dust mite and cockroach was common. The family history, environment, and airborne allergens are identified to be risk factors for asthma and other allergic diseases in Arabian Gulf Countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Membrane evaporative cooling to 30 degrees C or less: 1. Membrane evaporative cooling of contained water.

Microporous hydrophobic membranes have been examined for possible use as containers in the evaporative cooling of water, particularly in desert climates. An experimental determination was made of the overall heat and mass transfer coefficients of these membranes while surmounting contained water and with air flowing over the surface of the membranes. Similar tests were made with water alone, that is, without a membrane. The coefficients were then used to compare the performance of existing (canvas water) coolers and membrane evaporative coolers under desert conditions. The performance of the membrane coolers was close enough to that of the canvas coolers that extensive investigation of various aspects of membrane evaporative cooling appears to be justified, particularly in view of the potential advantages of the latter over the existing evaporative cooling methods. For example, for cool storage of perishable goods in a desert climate, the membrane container might be uniquely qualified because of its low rate of water consumption compared to that of a canvas cooler.

Chemistry Techniques, Analytical↗