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The percentage of aged and very old people in the total population is increasing rapidly in industrialized countries. This is an important change which, in particular, affects the areas of dentistry and oral medicine. The problems that this older population group face need to be given more attention and need to be brought more into the forefront of dental and oral medicine. The percentage of the dentate population has increased in Germany, due to the high standard of the dental care. The percentage of the edentulous population has therefore decreased. It has become necessary for those who care for the elderly to adjust to caring for the dentate patient, as opposed to edentulous patient. It is important for all professions involved in the treatment and care of geriatric patients to have an awareness of the basic fundamentals of geriatric dentistry within general rehabilitation. Doctors in particular need to be given training in the detection of caries, peridontal diseases, and denture problems. They should feel confident working with the dentist and his team as partners in the rehabilitation treatment. It is especially important that geriatric hospitals have experience in dentistry and oral hygiene, so that damage to life-long well cared for teeth can be prevented, and so that poor oral hygiene during a hospital stay does not result in dental problems. Dentists and their teams will have to adjust to the treatment of aged and multimorbidic patients. More discussion is also necessary between dentists involved in all areas of geriatric medicine, geriatric dentistry, and geriatric dental public health.
Dental practitioners in both private and public dentistry are faced with patients who for reasons of public or private finance are not able to be treated with the most sophisticated available dentistry. A concept of appropriate dentistry is provided whereby, with reference to available literature, it is shown that cost-conservative treatment can be provided that is likely to be satisfactory to both the client and the practitioner.
Since the late 1890s, forensic odontology has gradually established itself as important, often indispensable, in medicolegal cases, in particular for identification of the dead. The specialty of forensic dentistry generally covers three basic areas, namely, (1) identifications human remains, (2) litigation relating to malpractice, and (3) criminal proceedings, primarily in the areas of bite-mark evaluation and child abuse. Much of its expertise is based on clinical experience, fundamental research and advances in knowledge in relation to dentistry in general. Particularly over the past two decades, there has also been increasing research on specific forensic dental matters. In this paper, the methods of identification used in forensic dentistry are reviewed, and their application in two areas, mass disasters and bite-mark analysis is discussed. Progress in this field in Finland has been relatively slow. It has depended as in other countries on development of training and research facilities in the dental schools, and oral pathology departments.
In this first paper of a series on small animal dentistry, the responsibility of the veterinarian to detect, diagnose and to treat dental problems in small animals is that of the veterinarian and nobody else, is discussed in detail. A review of the history of veterinary dentistry is followed by an introduction to the pathology and treatment of dental problems in small animals.
This report summarizes the progress made by pediatric dentistry over the last twenty-year period, especially in terms of prevention, with an emphasis on the role that the Journal has had in informing and guiding the readership along the lines of professional practice. Patients are younger now; parents more informed by the profession and the mass media; practitioners are more prevention-oriented toward disease, as opposed to being trained to control the disease process. A preventive philosophy has been presented to the readership in Journal volumes 35-55, in which 1,099 scientific articles were published. Prevention (16 percent), oral pathology (24.4 percent), orthodontic/growth and development (14 percent), behavior management (12 percent), and rehabilitative dentistry (9.9 percent) were the largest groups of articles published in the Journal in the last two decades.
Children's dentistry can be a challenge for both the patient and the dentist. The way a dentist interacts with the child patient will have a major influence on the success of any clinical or preventive care. In order to deliver high-quality dentistry to a child whilst also developing a positive attitude towards dental health, the dentist should have a good understanding of the factors that might affect the behaviour of children in the dental setting. A working knowledge of strategies to minimize anxiety and make positive behaviour more likely is essential, as is a grasp of how best to deal with anxiety or negative behaviour.
The number of current practitioners, academicians, and researchers in Pediatric Dentistry is clearly not adequate to meet the need and demand. The shortage in academia is dire. Simply put, not enough pediatric dentists are being trained. The rate limiting factor is the number of training positions. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry established a "Task Force on Work Force Issues" approximately 18 months ago and charged that group to seek methods for creating more training positions. This paper reflects the Task Force deliberations, documents the shortage of pediatric dental specialists, and recommends tactics for amelioration.
PURPOSE: This study was performed to assess the profile of Journal of Dentistry for Children and Pediatric Dentistry journal articles by evidence typology and measure their changes over a thirty-year period (1969-1998). METHODS: All issues of both journals during the study period (1969-98) were manually reviewed. The publications were ranked by the quality of the evidence. Editorials, letters to the editor, abstracts, and organization-related communications were excluded from consideration. The publications were analyzed by journal and also by decade of publication, i.e., 1969-78, 1979-88 or 1989-98. RESULTS: There were 2848 publications included in the data set with descriptive studies, case reports, etc. comprising the majority (71%). No distinctive trends in the evidence typology were detected over the decades in either journal. CONCLUSION: There is a need to improve the quality of the evidence in the two pediatric dental journals reviewed.
PURPOSE: This study surveyed board-certified pediatric dentists on their opinions about changes in U.S. parenting styles and the effects on the practice of pediatric dentistry. METHODS: A questionnaire was developed, piloted, and mailed to 1,129 members of the College of Diplomates of the American Board of Pediatric Dentistry during the summer of 2000. RESULTS: A total of 577 respondents (51%) returned questionnaires, equally distributed across AAPD districts, with male:female ratio of 4:1 and 90% married. A majority perceived parenting styles had changed during their practice lifetime (88% "absolutely or probably changed"), with older practitioners significantly more likely to say so. Ninety-two percent felt changes were "probably or definitely bad" and 85% felt that these changes had resulted in "somewhat or much worse" patient behavior. Practitioners report performing less assertive behavior management techniques than in the past due to these changes. CONCLUSIONS: Diplomates report that parenting changes have occurred and they believe these are negative (bad) and have adversely influenced behavior and caused changes in pediatric dentists' behavior management.
Data pertaining to traumatic dental injuries of children seeking care at the teaching clinics of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jordan over a period of 4 years were analyzed. The prevalence of traumatic dental injuries was 14.2% from 2751 subjects. The peak incidence of injury was 10-12-year age group. Boys were more affected (18.3%) than girls (10.1%). Most injuries occurred at home (63.2%), and falls were the leading cause of injuries (49.9%). Most injuries involved one tooth (69.3%) and maxillary central incisors were the most affected teeth (90.4%). The commonest injury was uncomplicated crown fracture (62.5%), then complicated crown fracture (28.7%). Only 17.1% of children sought treatment the same day or the day after the injury. At the initial examination, cases seen after a long post-traumatic period required more complicated treatment than those presented within a short time period. Preventive educational program should be instituted in Jordan, directed at parents and school teachers to inform them about the importance of traumatic dental injuries and the benefit of immediate attendance for dental treatment. Furthermore, improving the knowledge of dental practitioners through continuing education would also help in minimizing sequelae of traumatic dental injuries.
The Diploma in Clinical Dentistry (Conscious Sedation and Pain Control) of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, is the first dedicated programme devoted to this field in Australia. Its development followed a decision by the Dental Board of New South Wales to require a formal qualification from the University of Sydney before dental practitioners could offer sedation and pain management in practice. The programme is conducted at Westmead Hospital in conjunction with the Department of Anaesthetics, and satisfies the guidelines developed by the Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons and the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons. The course is conducted either over one or two years, with block sessions requiring attendance at Westmead Hospital, together with assignments which are completed outside the block sessions. In this way, a dental practitioner enrolled in the programme is able to continue practice. The block sessions need not be completed over one year, but must be completed within two years.