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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Value systems and delinquency: parental and generational discrepancies in value systems for delinquent and non-delinquent boys.

A sample of 82 delinquent boys in two institutions and a matched sample of 82 nondelinquent boys from three secondary schools ranked values from the Rokeach Value Survey in their order of importance for self, mother and father. Order of rankings was counter-balanced. Results indicated that the sets of rankings (value systems) were more discrepant between boys and their parents and between the parents themselves in the delinquent sample than in the non-delinquent sample, but only in regard to the set of terminal values. Marked differences in the relative importance of particular values occurred between the two groups both in relation to rankings for self and for parents, and (for both groups) between the boys and their parents (generational) and between mother and father (parental). Favourability towards father correlated positively with degree of value similarity between sons and fathers but only for the terminal values.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[On the phenomenology of juvenile sexual delinquency and on the phenomenology of juvenile sexual delinquents - child-neuropsychiatric aspects of prevention of deviating sexual behaviour. Juvenile sexual delinquency:introduction to the problems, phenomenology (author's transl)].

The prophylaxis and clearing-up rate of deviating sexual behaviour of adolescents could be favourably influenced, if doctors, teachers and judicial administrators had a better knowledge of the phenomenology of sexual delicts as well as sexual delinquents. 87 expert opinions on juvenile sexual delinquents were analysed under this aspect. In the majority of cases sexual delicts of adolescents reveal a far more extensive disturbance in their individual and social development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Delinquency and mortality: A 50-year follow-up study of 1,000 delinquent and nondelinquent boys.

OBJECTIVE: It is well established that until age 40 years, delinquent individuals have roughly twice the mortality of nondelinquent individuals and that the excess deaths are largely due to accidents, violence, and substance abuse. The present study examined if the increased mortality of delinquent subjects continues until age 65 years and, if so, why. METHOD: The authors followed 475 delinquent and 456 matched nondelinquent comparison boys from age 14 years until age 65 years. RESULTS: Thirteen percent (N=62) of the delinquent and only 6% (N=28) of the nondelinquent subjects died unnatural deaths. By age 65 years, 29% (N=139) of the delinquent and 21% (N=95) of the nondelinquent subjects had died from natural causes. In a univariate analysis, frequency of delinquency, abuse of alcohol, adult crime, dysfunctional home environment, and poor education were significantly related to death, especially to unnatural death. However, when delinquency and alcohol abuse were controlled by logistic regression, education, dysfunctional upbringing, and adult criminality made no further contributions to mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Although delinquency is strongly associated with premature mortality, the etiological links remain unclear. Alcohol abuse and poor self-care in adulthood (e.g., infections or accidents) account for most of the modest variance in mortality that could be accounted for.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Childhood brain function differences in delinquent and non-delinquent hyperactive boys.

Childhood electrophysiological and clinical measures were obtained in 110 hyperactive (HA) and 76 normal children, who were later followed up as adolescents. Official arrest data were obtained on all subjects and used to measure outcome. The usual interpretation, that the presence of a brain function abnormality suggests a poor prognosis, does not apply to the clinical EEG, EEG spectral and ERP measures obtained on these HA boys. In fact, the converse was found to be true, that is EEG and ERP abnormalities were associated with a good outcome, while normal values of these measures were associated with a poor outcome. Data were presented that suggest that there may be two distinct subgroups of HA boys. The first group was characterized by abnormalities in childhood brain function, abnormal changes in brain function with age, less antisocial and hyperactive behavior in childhood, and absence of delinquency in adolescence. The second group was characterized by normal childhood brain function, normal changes in brain function with age, more antisocial and hyperactive behavior in childhood, and teenage delinquency. Childhood EEG and ERP measures were found to be significantly different in these delinquent and non-delinquent HA groups, while social, familial and cognitive attributes were not. The N2 amplitude of the AERP in delinquent hyperactive (DHA) boys was found to be significantly larger than in the non-delinquent hyperactive (NDHA) boys. This N2 amplitude may prove clinically useful in selecting HA boys for delinquency prevention programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

AIDS knowledge and beliefs, and sexual behavior of sexually delinquent and non-delinquent (runaway) adolescents.

This study assessed general knowledge of AIDS, beliefs about preventing AIDS, and sexual behavior among two groups of male adolescents at high risk of HIV/AIDS: 60 sexually delinquent males and 57 non-delinquent runaway males. Significantly fewer sexually delinquent than non-delinquent (runaway) males had experienced sexual intercourse with a consenting female partner (45 vs. 89 per cent). Sexually delinquent youths scored significantly lower than non-delinquent youths in general knowledge of AIDS (65 vs. 73 per cent) and were not able to discriminate safer behaviors from those which were less safe (42 vs. 71 per cent). Both groups reported moderate support for beliefs about preventing AIDS. These results suggest HIV/AIDS prevention programs that attempt to increase knowledge are needed by these youths, particularly for sexually delinquent youths.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Early disruptive behavior, poor school achievement, delinquent behavior, and delinquent personality: longitudinal analyses.

Three alternative models concerning the causal links between early disruptive behavior, poor school achievement, and delinquent behavior or antisocial personality were tested with linear structural equation modeling. Subjects were boys and girls followed from first grade to age 14. Disruptive behavior was assessed in Grade 1; school achievement was assessed in Grades 1 and 4; delinquent behavior and antisocial personality were assessed at age 14. With regard to self-reported delinquent behavior at age 14, results indicate that the best model for boys was a direct causal link between Grade 1 disruptive behavior and delinquent behavior. Poor school achievement was not a necessary causal factor. For girls, none of the tested models were a good fit to the delinquent behavior data. As for delinquent personality, results indicate that, for both boys and girls, poor school achievement was a necessary component of the causal path between Grade 1 disruptive behavior and age 14 delinquent personality.

Achievement↗
PubMed1998

Parental report of occurrences and consequences of traumatic brain injury among delinquent and non-delinquent youth.

Completed questionnaires from parents of youths attending a public middle school or high school and parents of youths admitted to an institution for juvenile delinquents provided information about incidents of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in their children. Results revealed that approximately 40% of the non-delinquent youth and 50% of the delinquent youth had sustained one or more TBIs during their childhood or youth. The majority of injuries appeared to be mild and had no permanent consequences. However, the parents of more than one-third of the delinquent youth with TBI histories reported long-term effects on academic performance, behavior and emotional control, activity level, and/or interactions with friends and family members; parental reports of long-term effects occurred significantly less frequently among the non-delinquent youth. The most common causes of TBI differed between the two adolescent populations. Non-delinquent youth sustained TBIs most frequently from blows to the head during sporting events, and delinquent youth sustained TBIs with approximately equal frequency from sporting events, fall, motor vehicle accidents and fights.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1990

Sensory integrative processing in delinquent-prone and non-delinquent-prone adolescents.

The purposes of this study were to obtain a preliminary description of the sensory integrative and practic abilities of 114 non-delinquent-prone adolescents aged 12 through 18 years and to compare their performances with those of 12 delinquent-prone adolescents with learning problems. Ten of the 17 subtests of the Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT) (Ayres, 1989) as well as the Finger Posture Imitation Test (Druker, 1980) and the MacQuarrie Test for Mechanical Ability (MacQuarrie, 1925/1953) were administered to both groups. It was hypothesized that performance on some tests would correlate with age in the non-delinquent-prone adolescents. It was also hypothesized that some delinquent-prone adolescents with learning problems would perform significantly worse on the tests of sensory integrative and practic abilities than would the non-delinquent-prone adolescents. A data analysis indicated that performance on the praxis tests, Manual Form Perception, Graphesthesia, and Bilateral Motor Coordination showed a significant age correlation. The results of this study indicated a difference between the two groups, and it was concluded that the delinquent-prone group performed more poorly on all of the praxis-related tests and on the absolute values of the tests of Postrotary Nystagmus, Standing and Walking Balance, and Bilateral Motor Coordination. Some of the vestibular- and praxis-related tests, therefore, may still provide useful information on children older than 8 years of age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Effects of parenting, father absence, and affiliation with delinquent peers on delinquent behavior among African-American male adolescents.

This study examined the effects of different aspects of parenting, father absence, and affiliation with delinquent peers on delinquent behavior in a cohort of African-American male adolescents. One round of survey data was collected from the youths' mothers or mother surrogates (N = 175) and two rounds of survey data were collected from the adolescents themselves. Analyses revealed that mothers' perceived control of sons' behavior was a deterrent of delinquent behavior, while other aspects of parenting (e.g., mother-son communication and relations) were not. The effect of mothers' perceived control was not mediated by adolescents' affiliation with delinquent peers. The effects of mothers' parenting variables and peer affiliation did not vary significantly by family structure, but socioeconomic disadvantage was more strongly associated with delinquent behavior in father-absent families. Though parenting effects were modest, this study suggests that African-American male adolescents are less likely to engage in delinquent behavior if they are closely monitored and supervised by their parents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Rule-violating behavior of delinquent and non-delinquent youth in games.

Viewing delinquency as rule-violating behavior resulting from a failure in the socialization process, it was assumed that delinquents and non-delinquents would demonstrate differences in the frequency of rule-violating behavior, and in reactions to rule-violating behavior in games. Fifty delinquent and fifty non-delinquent members of ten, ongoing neighborhood peer groups were rated by group workers in relation to their rule-violating behavior in group activities and games as it occurred in the natural group setting. It was found that there were no differences between the two groups on the boys' willingness to participate in games, their conformity to peer expectations, and their choice of competitive games. Delinquents were found to violate rules more often, to react more aggressively to rule violations of others, and to deny more often, their responsibility for rule violations. Implications as to the importance of games in socialization and their potential use in treatment are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Personality, social skills, anomie and delinquency: a self-report study of a group of normal non-delinquent adolescents.

A group of over 200 'normal' adolescents were administered self-report measures of personality (extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism), social skills, anomie and delinquency in order to establish which of three theories best predicted delinquency. Eysenck's personality factors, particularly psychoticism, correlated most highly with delinquency, while there was no correlation at all between self-reported social skills and delinquency. Overall the males tended to have lower neuroticism but higher psychoticism and anomie scores. The results are discussed in terms of the various psychological theories of delinquency, and the implications of these results for treatment are noted. It was pointed out that because this study was restricted to well-educated, middle class, above-average sixth-form college students the findings may not generalize to a group of convicted or institutionalized offenders. The limitations inherent in self-report measures and in studies of this sort are also considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[The mentality differences between the delinquent and non-delinquent boys].

The purpose is to explore the mentality differences between the delinquents and non-delinquents by sixty-item questionnaire. Subjects were 41 delinquents in the reformatory and 86 high school boys. In the first analysis, principal factor and geomax rotation were applied to these items, which yielded sociability, self-esteem, and will-power factors. ANOVA of scores on these three factors classified two groups well. In the second analysis, oblique geomax rotation as applied to the two groups separately. The data of delinquents yielded five factors, characterized by problem behavior and timidness, while the data of non-delinquents yielded three factors. The similarity of structure between the two was low, when the best matching solutions were considered as criteria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

A measurement of delinquency differences between a delinquent and nondelinquent sample: what are the implications?

The present study compared 532 adolescents being detained by country juvenile authorities to 354 adolescents attending public school in reference to the volume of delinquent activity committed for a period of one year prior to the survey. Four levels of delinquent activity were developed, ranging from minor offenses such as runaway behavior to serious offenses such as assault. Participants were also compared on how they responded to several Likert-type questions that measured factors associated with the inclination to commit delinquent acts (anomie, social bonding, delinquent peer association, labeling, and self-esteem). This comparison provided information on the multiple pathways to delinquency which suggested forms of intervention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Moral judgment and prediction of criminality. Comparative study of delinquents and non-delinquents].

A group of imprisoned criminals was compared to two groups of not-criminals with regard to five modes of judgment (profile of judgment) measured by Baruk's Tsedek test. The delinquents use more self-interest judgment, social judgment and absence of judgment that the whole of the not-delinquents (significantly different). They more often use the mode of moral judgment than the not-delinquents of the control group (general population) but less often than the not-delinquents of the comparative group (subjects of high educational level and religious for more than half of them). From the profile of judgment obtained for each group, a formula of prediction of tendency to crime was elaborated. It makes it possible to classify with rather good reliability the persons tested in the category of criminals or not-criminals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Responsiveness of delinquents and non-delinquents to social reinforcement.

A series of six experiments, involving 198 subjects, examined the hypothesis that delinquents are less responsive than non-delinquents to social reinforcement and punishment. The hypothesis received support (a) using two different experimental techniques, one in which the subjects' judgements of autokinetic movement were modified and one using the Taffel (1955) verbal conditioning paradigm; (b) with the female adult administering the reinforcement and with a peer; (c) when the contingent social cues were rewarding (Good or Fine) and when they were punishing ('No'). The hypothesis was not supported when the verbal reinforcement was varied. Control studies using no reinforcement and money reinforcement indicated that the social reinforcement did indeed have a specific reinforcement effect and that delinquents did not show a general learning deficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Delinquent firesetters: a comparative study of delinquency and firesetting histories.

Twenty-five male delinquents (aged nine to 16) who had legal charges for setting fires filed against them were compared to a group of age and sex matched delinquents who had legal charges filed against them that were not related to firesetting. Groups were compared on demographic variables and on their delinquency and fire related histories. The only significant difference to emerge was a higher proportion of past firesetting in the group with fire-related charges. The present results indicate that a subgroup of antisocial recidivist firesetters exists among young offenders and underscore the importance of obtaining a thorough fire related history from youth who are before the court on fire related charges.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

The differential disinhibition effect of marijuana use on violent behavior: a comparison of this effect on a conventional, non-delinquent group versus a delinquent or deviant group.

The following Kaplan/Damphouse hypothesis was tested and cross validated: The use of marijuana either predicts to or has a greater effect on increasing the degree of violent behavior for a group that is low on delinquent behavior, than it does for a group that scores high on these behaviors. For the conventional, non-delinquent sub-group, a higher degree of significant relationship between degree of marijuana use and degree of violent behavior was found, compared to the degree of this type of relationship than was found for either cocaine/crack use, amphetamine use, or tranquilizer/sedative use. For example, for the commission of the offense of Attempted Homicide/Reckless Endangerment: for the conventional, non-delinquent group there was a highly significant relationship to the degree of marijuana use; but there was a non-significant relationship between this type of offense and the degree of use of each of the other types of drugs. Thus, this special disinhibition effect was found only for marijuana, and not for other drugs, regardless of whether they were stimulant types of drugs, or were sedative drugs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Creative thinking and juvenile delinquency: a study of delinquent and nondelinquent youth on the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking.

Using the T.T.C.T. this study examined the creative thinking of 32 delinquent and 32 nondelinquent adolescent males. The delinquent group was composed of juveniles on parole status. The nondelinquent group was composed of public school students. On the variables of IQ, age, and socioeconomic class, t-test results indicated no significant differences, except on socioeconomic class, between the groups. Analysis of variance procedures were performed to determine the possibility of an interaction between levels of intelligence and delinquent status with regard to verbal and figural creativity test scores. There were no significant main effects or interaction between IQ and adjudication status with respect to figural creativity. There was a significant main effect due to adjudication status for the dependent variable of verbal creativity scores, respectively while blocking on the intelligence variable. The results were parallel to the ANOVAS which did not specifically control for the intelligence variable between the two groups.

Adolescent↗