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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Neonatal dehydration (dehydration fever) in newborn infants].

INTRODUCTION: The aim was to identify characteristics in infants suffering from dehydration caused by breast-feeding malnutrition over a period of 21 months in South Denmark. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Infants admitted to a regional Paediatric Clinical Department in a rural area with a population of 254,000 and approximately 3000 live births per year. The infants were admitted with the diagnosis of dehydration fever, jaundice and dehydration, hypernatraemic dehydration or malnutrition. The cases were reviewed retrospectively and the outcome measures were maternal age and parity, the gestational age of the infant, birth weight, per cent loss from birth weight, complaints at presentation, age on admission, temperature on admission, and levels of blood glucose and serum sodium. RESULTS: Fifty-four newborn infants were identified. Thirty-five infants had a temperature between 37.6 and 39.7 degrees C on admission. Thirty-seven infants had lost between 8% and 23.3% of their birthweight. Twenty infants suffered from hypernatraemic dehydration, their serum-sodium levels were 147-159 mmol/l. Four infants with hypernatraemic dehydration had lost less than 8% of the birth weight. Ten infants were large for gestational age (LGA). Compared to a control group, there was an overrepresentation of LGA children in the study group (p = 0.003). Thirty-one of 50 mothers were primigravida (p = 0.002). Thirty-one of 54 mothers were 30 years old or older (p = 0.05). There was a positive correlation between weight loss and high serum sodium levels (p = 0.01). DISCUSSION: We found that a rise in temperature can be a sign of neonatal dehydration and malnutrition in breast-fed infants. Hypernatraemic dehydration can occur even if the weight loss is less than 10% of the birth weight. Infants who are LGA can also develop neonatal dehydration.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Effects of prior experience with dehydration and water on the time course of dehydration-induced drinking in weanling rats.

Although cellular dehydration increases oral responding and swallowing of orally infused water in rats as young as 2 days old, it is not until well after the time of weaning that dehydration stimulates immediate water-seeking and initiation of drinking in situations where the water source must be approached voluntarily. Recent work has shown that the goal-directed appetitive sequence for drinking-orienting, approaching, and initiating contact with water-matures much later than the more precocial oral licking and swallowing behaviors, and normally comes to be elicited by dehydration only after post-weaning experience with dry food. In the current experiments we evaluate some critical features of post-weaning experience with dehydration and drinking, and find that prior experience with initiating drinking while dehydrated, but not experience with dehydration nor water per se, alters the time course of water intake during a subsequent hydrational challenge. The effects of experience are manifested as an increased proportion of water consumed in the early portion of the test, rather than a general increase in total consumption. These findings are consistent with the interpretation that prior experience is necessary for the coordination of water-oriented appetitive behaviors that lead to the initiation and maintenance of drinking bouts, and provide further evidence for an associative learning account of the acquisition of dehydration-induced drinking.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Effects of dehydration on organ metabolism in the frog Pseudacris crucifer: hyperglycemic responses to dehydration mimic freezing-induced cryoprotectant production.

The metabolic effects of evaporative water loss at 5 degrees C were assessed for both fall- and spring-collected spring peepers Pseudacris crucifer. Frogs readily endured the loss of 50% of total body water. During dehydration organ water content was defined with no change in water content in skeletal muscle, gut, and kidney of 50% dehydrated frogs and reduced water content in liver, brain and heart. Dehydration stimulated a rapid and massive increase in liver glucose production. In fall-collected frogs liver glucose rose by 120-fold to 2690 +/- 400 nmol.mg protein-1 or 220 mumol.g ww-1 in 50% dehydrated frogs and glucose in other organs increased by 2.6- to 60-fold. Spring-collected frogs showed the same qualitative response to dehydration although absolute glucose levels were lower, rising maximally by 8.4-fold in liver. Glucose synthesis was supported by glycogenolysis in liver and changes in the levels of glycolytic intermediates in liver indicated that an inhibitory block at the phosphofructokinase locus during desiccation helped to divert hexose phosphates into the production of glucose. Liver energy status (ATP, total adenylates, energy charge) was maintained even after the loss of 35% of total body water but at 50% dehydration all parameters showed a sharp decline; for example, energy charge fell from about 0.85 to 0.42. Severe dehydration also led to an accumulation of lactate in four organs, probably hypoxia-induced due to impaired circulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Baralyme dehydration increases and soda lime dehydration decreases the concentration of compound A resulting from sevoflurane degradation in a standard anesthetic circuit.

UNLABELLED: Soda lime and Baralyme brand carbon dioxide absorbents degrade sevoflurane to CF2 = C(CF3)OCH2F, a potentially nephrotoxic vinyl ether called Compound A. Dehydration of these absorbents increases both the degradation of sevoflurane to Compound A and the degradation of Compound A. The balance between sevoflurane degradation and Compound A degradation determines the concentration of Compound A issuing from the absorbent (the net production of Compound A). We studied the effect of dehydration on the net production of Compound A in a simulated anesthetic circuit. Mimicking continuing oxygen delivery for 1, 2, or 3 days after completion of an anesthetic, we directed a "conditioning" fresh gas flow of 5 L/min or 10 L/min retrograde through fresh absorbent in situ in a standard absorbent system for 16, 40, and/or 64 h. The conditioned absorbent was subsequently used (without mixing of the granules) in a standard anesthetic circuit in which a 3-L rebreathing bag substituted for the lung. Metabolism was mimicked by introducing 250 mL/min carbon dioxide into the "lung," and the lung was ventilated with a minute ventilation of 10 L/ min. At the same time, we introduced sevoflurane in a fresh gas inflow of 2 L/min at a concentration sufficient to produce an inspired concentration of 3.2%. Because of increased sevoflurane destruction by the absorbent, progressively longer periods of conditioning (dehydration) and/or higher inflow rates increased the delivered (vaporizer) concentration of sevoflurane required to sustain a 3.2% concentration. Dehydration of Baralyme increased the inspired concentration of Compound A by up to sevenfold, whereas dehydration of soda lime markedly decreased the inspired concentration of Compound A. IMPLICATIONS: Economical delivery of modern inhaled anesthetics requires rebreathing of exhaled gases after removal of carbon dioxide. However, carbon dioxide absorbents (Baralyme/soda lime) may degrade anesthetics to toxic substances. Baralyme dehydration increases, and soda lime dehydration decreases, degradation of the inhaled anesthetic sevoflurane to the toxic substance, Compound A.

Anesthetics, Inhalation↗
PubMed1997

Modulation of Dehydration Tolerance in Soybean Seedlings (Dehydrin Mat1 Is Induced by Dehydration but Not by Abscisic Acid).

Germinated soybean (Glycine max L. cv Williams 82) seedlings subjected to rapid dehydration begin to lose the ability to recover when the relative water content of the plant decreases below 60%. The expanded cells of the hypocotyl appear more susceptible to dehydration-induced damage than do cells in the hypocotyl zone of cell growth. Pretreatment of seedlings prior to rapid dehydration with nonlethal water deficit or exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) shifts this viability threshold to progressively lower relative water contents, indicating the acquisition of increased dehydration tolerance. Increased tolerance is associated with osmotic adjustment in the hypocotyl zone of cell growth and with increases in soybean dehydrin Mat1 mRNA levels. The accumulation of Mat1 mRNA is dehydration dependent but insensitive to ABA. Induction of Mat1 mRNA accumulation by dehydration but not by ABA makes it an unusual member of the dehydrin family.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

The postnatal emergence of dehydration anorexia in rats is temporally associated with the emergence of dehydration-induced inhibition of gastric emptying.

Osmotic dehydration produced by systemic hypertonic NaCl (HS) inhibits gastric motility and emptying and also inhibits feeding in adult rats. Conversely, in neonatal rats, dehydration does not inhibit feeding. The present study examined whether the postnatal emergence of dehydration anorexia is temporally associated with the emergence of dehydration-induced inhibition of gastric emptying. Rat pups 4 to 19 days old were injected subcutaneously with HS (0.75 M NaCl; 200 microL/10 g body weight). Control rats were injected with isotonic saline (0.15 M NaCl). Thirty minutes later, rats were given access to milk that could be lapped from paper towels on the floor of a warm testing chamber. Other HS-treated and control rats were given an intragastric load of 0.15 M NaCl (2% body weight) and then killed after 30 min to determine how much of the load had emptied from the stomach. Consistent with previous reports, HS-treated rats consumed significantly more milk than control rats from postnatal Day 4 (P4) through P11 but consumed significantly less milk than controls at P19. HS treatment did not affect gastric emptying of 0.15 M NaCl at P4 or P11. Conversely, HS treatment significantly inhibited gastric emptying at P19. These findings suggest that the hypophagic effects of dehydration develop in tandem with inhibitory effects on gastric motility and are consistent with the view that the full complement of mature homeostatic responses to plasma hyperosmolality requires coordinated activation of forebrain and hindbrain neural circuits that are only partially formed in neonatal rats.

Aging↗
PubMed1999

Chemical dehydration of specimens with 2,2-dimethoxypropane (DMP) for paraffin processing of animal tissues: practical and economic advantages over dehydration in ethanol.

Chemical dehydration can be accomplished using 2,2-dimethoxypropane (DMP). In the presence of an acid catalyst, this liquid reacts with water generating methanol and acetone as products. Although DMP is more expensive per milliliter than ethanol and other solvents used for dehydration, it is an economical alternative because a much smaller volume is needed. Slow penetration of DMP was previously thought to restrict its use to tiny specimens, but we now show that pieces of tissue as thick as 2 cm are dehydrated by overnight immersion in acidified DMP. We also show that dehydration in acidified DMP does not impair the staining of RNA or other basophilic components of animal tissues. The temperature and concentrations of methanol and H+ in the chemical dehydrating agent are too low to produce histochemically detectable methylation or nucleic acid extraction.

Animals↗
PubMed1970

Movement of water, protein and crystalloids between vascular and extra-vascular compartments in heat-exposed men during dehydration and following limited relief of dehydration.

1. Five male subjects were exposed to a hot environment (43-44 degrees C dry bulb, 28-29 degrees C wet bulb) and allowed to dehydrate for 4 hr. Water was then provided ad libitum for drinking during a 20-min period; thereafter the subjects continued at rest in the hot room for an additional 140 min.2. Through periodic samples of venous blood, water and protein movement into or out of the intravascular compartment were assessed during dehydration and during and following water ingestion that partially relieved dehydration.3. Consideration of changes in blood osmolarity, plasma protein content and haematocrit values led to the conclusion that protein was added to plasma during heat exposure and that plasma, as previously supposed, did not lose water at rates greater than that of the whole body under such conditions.4. Haemodilution occurred when dehydration was partially relieved by drinking water and this dilution was maintained even when sweat loss exceeded the amount of water ingested.5. For similar levels of bodily dehydration before and after water ingestion, body temperatures were lower when haemodilution was present.6. A hypothesis that relates changes in plasma volume and constituents with levels of exercise is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Preparation and analysis of dehydrated mixtures of vegetables and underutilized fish species flours: I. Dehydrated mixtures of cereal-fish].

For the purpose of providing possible solutions to the malnutrition problems affecting those populations where cereals and tubers form an important portion of their daily intake, products were prepared from dehydrated mixtures of cereals and under-utilized fish, but which contain high-quality protein. Two cereals were selected for our experiments: rice and corn, and a marine under-utilized fish species (Macrodon ancyclodon). The minced fish muscle recovered by mechanical deboning was mixed with the cereal, obtaining mixtures with 5%, 10% and 15% fish on a dry basis. Feeding experiments using Wistar weaning rats were then carried out to evaluate the most important characteristics. An amino acid profile which reflected high-quality protein was obtained, as evidenced by the excellent PER, NPU, NPR and digestibility values determined. The dehydrated mixtures of fish/cereal flour prepared with 5% and up to 10% fish (dry basis), did not present any odour, but as of the 15% level, fish odour was perceived. Therefore, the use of dehydrated mixtures of fish/cereal flours with up to 10% fish in preparing food products, is recommended, since these would be of great help in solving the scarcity of good-quality protein, particularly in the developing countries.

Amino Acids, Essential↗
PubMed1985

[Dehydration of aklavinone, PMR spectra of aklavinone and its dehydration products].

The PMR 1H spectra of aklavinone, monoanhydroaklavinone and bisanhydroaklavinone were completely assigned with the use of the double resonance technique and the method of resolution enhancement (multiplication of the free induction decay by the Gauss function). It was shown that under mild conditions in the presence of hydrazine, aklavinone dehydrated at the C9-C10 bond and transformed into monoanhydroaklavinone. Under less mild conditions when akalavinone was heated at 250 degrees C, dehydration proceeded at the C9-C10 and C7-C8 bonds to form bisanhydroaklavinone.

Anthracyclines↗
PubMed1986

Metabolic dehydration of prostaglandin E2 and cellular uptake of the dehydration product: correlation with prostaglandin E2-induced growth inhibition.

When L-1210 murine leukemia cells were incubated with 60 microM PGE2 in culture medium containing fetal calf serum for various time, cell proliferation was inhibited dependent on incubation time. However, when the medium containing PGE2 was changed every 6 h during 24 h exposure to cells, growth inhibition became much weaker. Moreover, when the medium containing PGE2 was aged by preincubating without cells at 37 degrees C, growth inhibitory effect of the medium was enhanced with preincubation time, suggesting that active growth inhibitory compound(s) accumulated during preincubation. In culture medium containing fetal calf serum, PGE2 degraded time-dependently and the major product was identified as PGA2 by HPLC. Furthermore, when cells were incubated with the medium containing 60 microM[3H]PGE2 or the same medium aged by preincubation, we observed that the radioactivity was taken up by the cells time-dependently, and identified the incorporated radioactivity as PGA2. This uptake was closely correlated with decrease in viable cell number during incubation. These results suggested that growth inhibitory effect of PGE2 was due to the metabolic dehydration of PGE2 to PGA2, and PGA2, after taken up by cells, exerted cell growth inhibition.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution for treating dehydration caused by acute diarrhoea in children.

BACKGROUND: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) has reduced childhood deaths from diarrhoea in many countries. Recent studies suggest that the currently recommended formulation of ORS recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) may not be optimal, and solutions that contain lower concentrations of sodium and glucose may be more effective. OBJECTIVES: In children with acute diarrhoea, to compare reduced osmolarity glucose-based oral rehydration salt solution with international WHO formulation. SEARCH STRATEGY: The Cochrane Collaboration Trials Register, MEDLINE, and EMBASE were searched. Additional trials were identified by hand searching. Content experts were contacted. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials comparing reduced osmolarity ORS solution with the WHO formulation. Outcomes sought were unscheduled intravenous fluid infusion therapy and measures of clinical illness. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted by two reviewers. We tested for heterogeneity using the chi-square statistic, conducted sensitivity analysis by allocation concealment, and the regression approach to assess funnel plot asymmetry from selective trial publication. MAIN RESULTS: The primary outcome was reported in 12 trials. In a meta-analysis of nine trials, reduced osmolarity ORS was associated with fewer unscheduled infusions compared with standard WHO ORS (Mantel Haenzel odds ratio 0.61, 95% confidence interval 0.47 to 0.81) with no evidence for heterogeneity between trials. No unscheduled intravenous fluid infusion therapy was required in any participant in three trials. Thirteen trials reported stool output, and data suggested less stool output in the reduced osmolarity ORS group. Vomiting was less frequent in the reduced osmolarity group in the six trials reporting this. Six trials sought hyponatraemia, with events in three studies, but no obvious difference between the two arms. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: In children admitted to hospital with diarrhoea, reduced osmolarity ORS when compared to WHO ORS is associated with fewer unscheduled intravenous infusions, smaller stool volume post randomisation, and less vomiting. No additional risk of developing hyponatraemia when compared with WHO ORS was detected.

Bicarbonates↗