Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Cytological Techniques”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Cytologic examination of pure pancreatic juice in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. The endoscopic retrograde intraductal catheter aspiration cytologic technique.

BACKGROUND: Although cytologic examination of pure pancreatic juice obtained with a duodenofiberscope has been useful for the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma, the rate of false-negative results is reported to be high. To eliminate these false-negative results, the authors developed a new technique, endoscopic retrograde intraductal catheter aspiration cytology, especially for an accurate cytologic diagnosis of carcinoma of the body or tail of the pancreas. METHODS: The accuracy of conventional cytologic examination of pure pancreatic juice was assessed in 25 patients with pancreatic carcinoma, 29 patients with pancreatitis, and 52 control subjects. Pure pancreatic juice was collected from the pancreatic duct by endoscopic cannulation using a videoimaging duodenoscope after intravenous administration of secretin. The new endoscopic retrograde intraductal catheter aspiration technique was used in four patients with carcinoma of the body or tail of the pancreas and five patients with localized pancreatitis in whom a correct diagnosis was not made by previous cytologic examination of pure pancreatic juice. RESULTS: Positive cytologic findings were obtained in 76% of the patients with pancreatic carcinoma. Positive cytologic results were more frequent in patients with carcinoma of the head of the pancreas than in those with carcinoma of the body or tail. By the new technique, positive cytologic results were obtained in all of the patients with pancreatic carcinoma. This technique caused no severe complications. CONCLUSIONS: This procedure of endoscopic retrograde intraductal catheter aspiration cytology seems useful for diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1997

Improved impression cytology techniques for the immunopathological diagnosis of superficial viral infections.

BACKGROUND: For epidemiological and therapeutic reasons early diagnosis of superficial viral infections is crucial. Conventional microbiological techniques are expensive, time consuming, and not sufficiently sensitive. In this study impression cytology techniques were evaluated to analyse their diagnostic potential in viral infections of the ocular surface. METHOD: A Biopore membrane device instead of the original impression cytology technique was used to allow better quality and handling of the specimens. The impressions were processed, using monoclonal antibodies and immunoperoxidase or immunofluorescence techniques to assess the presence of herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, or adenovirus antigens. Ocular surface specimens from healthy individuals (n = 10) and from patients with suspected viral surface disease (n = 19) were studied. Infected and non-infected cell cultures served as controls. RESULTS: This modified technique of impression cytology allowed the collection of large conjunctival and corneal epithelial cell layers with excellent morphology. Immunocytological staining of these samples provided diagnostic results for all three viruses in patients with viral surface disease. CONCLUSIONS: The use of Biopore membrane devices for the collection of ocular surface epithelia offers new diagnostic possibilities for external eye diseases. Immunopathological methods that are applied directly on these membrane devices can provide virological results within 1-4 hours. This contributes considerably to the clinical management of patients with infectious diseases of the ocular surface.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A new, liquid-based cytology technique.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a new liquid-based cytology technique, Papspin (Thermo Shandon, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.). STUDY DESIGN: Three thousand cervical samples were examined. Each cervix was sampled with a Cervex Brush (Roche, Oss, the Netherlands), used first for a Pap smear and afterwards for a Papspin. One cytospin was prepared from each vial. RESULTS: An identical rate of epithelial cell abnormalities (3.8%) was detected with the two methods. Diagnostic concordance was observed in 86% of the 114 cases. Differences in diagnoses occurred in 168 of 3,000 cases (5.6%) concerning fungal infection (22 cases), epithelial cell abnormalities (24 cases) and minimal differences within the nonneoplastic Bethesda category (122 cases). Endocervical cells were absent from 158 Papspins (5.3%) and 66 Pap smears (2.2%), while they were present in the respective Pap smear or Papspin. Seven Papspins were considered "satisfactory, but limited by ..." (SBLB) as compared to 33 Pap smears given the absence of endocervical cells. CONCLUSION: Discordances concerning epithelial cell abnormalities were observed in 24 of 3,000 cases (0.8%). Fungal infections were more easily diagnosed on Papspin. The absence of endocervical cells in 5.3% of Papspins is due to a bias of methodology. Quality improvement was evident on Papspin for SBLB specimens. HPV testing could be performed with good results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Advanced cytologic techniques for the detection of malignant pancreatobiliary strictures.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Two advanced cytologic techniques for detecting aneuploidy-digital image analysis (DIA) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-have recently been developed to help identify malignant pancreatobiliary strictures. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical utility of cytology, DIA, and FISH for the identification of malignant pancreatobiliary strictures. METHODS: Brush cytologic specimens from 233 consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for pancreatobiliary strictures were examined by all 3 (cytology, DIA, and FISH) techniques. Strictures were stratified as proximal (n = 33) or distal (n = 114) based on whether they occurred above or below the cystic duct, respectively. Strictures in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (n = 86) were analyzed separately. RESULTS: Despite the stratification, the performances of the tests were similar. Conventional cytology has a low sensitivity (4%-20%) but 100% specificity. Because of the high specificity for cytology, we assessed the performance of the other tests when conventional cytology was negative. In this clinical context, FISH had an increased sensitivity (35%-60%) when assessing for chromosomal gains (polysomy) while preserving the specificity of cytology. The sensitivity and specificity of DIA was intermediate as compared with routine cytology and FISH but was additive to FISH values demonstrating only trisomy of chromosome 7 or chromosome 3. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that FISH and DIA increase the sensitivity for the diagnosis of malignant pancreatobiliary tract strictures over that obtained by conventional cytology while maintaining an acceptable specificity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The effectiveness and safety of two cervical cytologic techniques during pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: There have been few studies documenting the optimal cervical cytologic technique in pregnancy. This study was initiated to investigate the effectiveness and safety of two standard techniques. METHODS: Two hundred twenty-two new obstetrical patients at a family practice residency program signed informed consent, were enrolled, and were randomized for cervical cytologic screening using either Zelsmyr Cytobrush and Ayre spatula or Dacron swab and Ayre spatula. The pathologists were blinded to the study, and results were reported with standard Bethesda System nomenclature. Patients were asked about complications at follow-up visits. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test and the two-sample t test, with statistical significance set at P < .05. RESULTS: The Cytobrush-spatula technique yielded 95.6% (108/113) smears with adequate endocervical cells, as compared with 69.7% (76/109) of smears obtained with the Dacron swab and spatula (P = < .0001, odds ratio 9.38). Cytologic atypia, defined as noninflammatory cellular abnormalities, was uncovered on 15.9% (18/113) of the smears obtained with the Cytobrush and spatula technique and on 13.8% (15/109) of the smears obtained with the Dacron swab and spatula (P = .7082). The complication rate, which included spot bleeding and spontaneous abortion, occurred in 6.5% (7/108) of the smears obtained with the Cytobrush and 3.8% (4/105) of the smears obtained with the Dacron swab (P = .54). CONCLUSIONS: The Cytobrush-spatula technique significantly increased endocervical cell yield, did not increase detection of cytologic atypia, and did not increase the risk of adverse maternal or fetal outcomes when used for cervical cytologic screening during pregnancy. These results support the use of the Cytobrush-spatula technique over the swab and spatula for obtaining cervical cytologic smears in pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Recovery and evaluation by cytologic techniques of trace material retained on bullets.

Fragments of tissue, intermediate targets, and debris related to firing are embedded in the fine striations and deforming edges of bullets. Because most of these fragments are too small to visualize and process as histologic sections, this material is usually washed away when the projectiles are cleaned following removal at autopsy. By preserving the rinsing material that results from routine cleaning of projectiles, it may be possible to evaluate adherent material from the bullet by cytologic techniques, including filter preparations, cell blocks, and smears of macroscopic tissue fragments. Bullet-wash cytology produced cellular elements, tissue fragments, and inert material from intermediate targets. Different tissue elements could be documented with a given projectile; this information could be utilized to document the path of a bullet through the body or intermediate target. This initial study suggests that low- and high-velocity projectiles produce different types of tissue debris, with much more fragmentation and scarcity of cellular components in the high-velocity rounds. Inert material, resulting from intermediate targets, such as clothing, as well as gunshot residue on the bullet or debris from the barrel could be distinguished on preparations. There was a difference in tissue representation of adherent material on the bullet; connective tissue, mesothelial coverings, and fragments from organs with higher elastic and cohesive properties were seen with much greater frequency on the filters than were loosely cohesive and friable organs such as liver and spleen. The cytologic preparations from projectile washings reflect both the path taken by the bullet and the ballistic damage to the organs. Thus, the cytologic evaluation of bullet washings may be useful in the incorporation of gunshot wound evaluation to support documentation of the trajectory of the projectile.

Cytological Techniques↗
PubMed2001

Novel adaptation of brush cytology technique for short-term primary culture of squamous and Barrett's esophageal cells.

BACKGROUND: Esophageal disease research is impeded by a paucity of nonmalignant cell lines. Furthermore, culture of primary esophageal cells is difficult because of a lack of cell adhesion and contamination. The aim of this study was to develop a short-term culture method to facilitate cell physiologic studies by using primary esophageal cells. METHODS: By using a cytology brush, squamous and Barrett's epithelial cells were obtained from the esophagus of patients undergoing upper endoscopy. Cells were brushed onto chamber slides and allowed to adhere to the surface. Primary culture media was then added and cells were maintained at 37 degrees C for up to 72 hours. Cell yield and viability were calculated after trypan blue staining. For cell physiologic studies, cells were loaded with pH-sensitive dye BCECF-AM and intracellular pH measured on a dual excitation fluorescence microscope after an ammonium chloride prepulse. At the end of the physiologic experiments, cells were fixed in methanol and acetone and the cell type was verified with cytokeratin immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Viable human esophageal cells were maintained in culture for up to 72 hours. The cells extruded trypan blue, and BCECF-AM was cleaved to BCECF by an intact cell membrane and permitted intracellular pH measurements. The epithelial cell origin of the cells was confirmed by cytokeratin staining. There was no contamination over the culture period and no overgrowth by lymphocytes or fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS: This novel adaptation of brush cytology technique enables short-term culture of esophageal cells for in vitro studies. This rapid, simple primary culture technique is suitable for endoscopy and does not require the immediate, time-consuming laboratory techniques.

Barrett Esophagus↗
PubMed2000

Fine-needle aspiration cytologic technique for lung cancer has a high potential of malignant cell spread through the tract.

BACKGROUND: Fine-needle aspiration cytologic technique (FNAC), a method to detect malignancy for undetermined pulmonary nodules, may have a high potential to spread malignant cells from the tumor to the pleural cavity. OBJECTIVE: The authors assessed malignant cell spread through the needle tract following FNAC for peripheral lung carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lung lobes resected from 20 patients during the treatment of lung carcinoma were examined. The visceral pleura over the lung carcinoma was irrigated by heparinized saline solution to clean the surface, and then irrigated before FNAC and irrigated following FNAC to collect cells on the visceral pleura. FNAC was performed once for each tumor. Papanicolau's method was employed for cytologic examination. RESULTS: There were 15 specimens of adenocarcinoma, 4 specimens of squamous cell carcinoma, and 1 specimen of atypical carcinoid. The maximum diameter of the specimens ranged from 10 to 60 mm (median, 25 mm). Pleural indentation was observed in 15 samples. All results of FNAC were positive and matched the histologic diagnosis. Pre-FNAC specimens revealed a positive malignancy rate of 10% (2 of 20), but post-FNAC specimens had a rate of 60% (12 of 20; p = 0.002) CONCLUSION: FNAC has the potential to spread malignant cells to the pleural space. Further study is needed to determine the clinical significance of the spread of malignant cells in the pleural space.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Cytology in ballistics. An experimental investigation of tissue fragments on full metal jacketed bullets using routine cytological techniques.

Particulate matter on bullets may be used to decide which target they have passed through, and tissue fragments are the obvious candidates for study. In order to determine if recognizable tissue fragments could be found on full metal jacketed bullets, 44 such bullets were fired against anesthetized pigs and 36 were recovered. On 4 bullets fragments of tissue could be identified by routine cytological techniques. The procedure should be attempted in selected cases where it is imperative to know if a bullet has passed through tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Enhancements to the conjunctival impression cytology technique and examples of applications in a clinico-biochemical study of dry eye.

The conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) technique was optimized for cell pick-up and resolution of cytologic detail. Use of surfactant-free smaller pore-size Millipore filters yielded consistently high cell pick-up and resolution of cell detail. Staining by the modified Papanicolaou technique in a free-floating format allowed quantitative evaluation of cytologic features. Air exposure of CIC specimens for up to 8 minutes before fixing (as occurs with Nelson's standardized technique) did not adversely affect cell appearances. The optimized method was applied to a group of 50 patients with dry eyes. CIC features were correlated with symptoms, clinical test results, and serum and tear protein levels of dry eye patients.

Conjunctiva↗
PubMed2000

Interpretation of fine-needle aspirates processed by the ThinPrep technique: cytologic artifacts and diagnostic pitfalls.

The improvement in quality of cytologic preparations with the use of the ThinPrep methodology has been well-documented, but the cytologic artifacts resulting from this technique have not been adequately described. This study describes and illustrates the cytologic artifacts introduced by the ThinPrep technique when used on fine-needle aspirates (FNAs), and evaluates these artifacts as potential diagnostic pitfalls. We reviewed a total of 120 FNAs simultaneously processed by both conventional smears and ThinPrep. FNAs were obtained from the following sites: lymph node (27), breast (23), soft-tissue sites (20), salivary glands (13), gastrointestinal tract (10), lung (9), thyroid gland (13), liver (3), adrenal gland (1), and kidney (1). The ThinPrep smears were consistently devoid of obscuring elements, and the cells were adequately preserved and evenly dispersed. However, we noted some cytomorphologic alterations that should be recognized to avoid erroneous diagnoses. The size of cell clusters was decreased, large branching sheets were fragmented, and there were more single cells, resulting in apparent discohesion. Small cells such as lymphocytes tended to aggregate. All cells were generally smaller and occasionally spindled, the chromatin detail was attenuated, and nucleoli were more prominent. Intranuclear inclusions were difficult to visualize. Background matrix was often altered in both quantity and quality. Extracellular particles, small mononuclear cells, red blood cells, and myoepithelial cells were markedly decreased in number. The pathologist should be cautious in interpreting FNAs prepared using ThinPrep if that is the only methodology employed. Familiarity with artifacts is essential to avoid misinterpretations.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Development of a teaching laboratory aid for instruction of fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology technique.

Specialized training is required to obtain adequate cytology smears by needle aspiration biopsy. An educational method that would provide opportunity for numerous trainees to acquire needle aspiration biopsy and cytodiagnostic skills, and which would not result in the interruption of teaching hospital patient care nor result in the use or sacrifice of animals from laboratory animal resources was sought. An aspiration biopsy cytology teaching aid was developed by placing portions of fresh organ tissue from routine submissions to the necropsy laboratory into a specimen container partially filled with chilled normal saline solution. Specimens were stored immersed in saline at 4 degrees C for up to 48 hours. Prior to the cytopathology teaching laboratory period, the specimen container was removed from storage and covered with a latex diaphragm. Instructors responsible for teaching cytodiagnostic techniques used this ex vivo aspiration biopsy cytology device for instruction of fine needle aspiration biopsy, specimen processing, and microscopy. In the teaching laboratory, puncture of the diaphragm and aspiration of a tissue sample with hypodermic needle and syringe was instructed to, and practiced by, numerous trainees simultaneously using clinical operative technique without the need for live animals. Trainees prepared and stained cytology smears as well as evaluated and interpreted specimens in a single, realistic exercise. Such training experience may improve ability of trainees to procure diagnostic-quality biopsy specimens for cytodiagnosis of lesions from clinic patients.

Journal Article↗