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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Personality and personality disorders among patients with major depression in combination with dysthymic or cyclothymic disorders.

Personality traits and personality disorders in 298 consecutive outpatients with pure major depression, major depression with dysthymic or cyclothymic disorder, pure dysthymic or cyclothymic disorder and other disorders were investigated. Patients with dysthymic or cyclothymic disorders alone or in combination with major depression showed more self-doubt, insecurity, sensitivity, compliance, rigidity and emotional instability. They were more schizoid, schizotypal, borderline and avoidant according to MCMI and had a higher prevalence of DSM-III Axis II diagnoses, and more borderline, avoidant, and passive-aggressive personality disorders, as measured by SIDP. All in all, dramatic and anxious clusters of personality disorders were more frequent among patients with dysthymic-cyclothymic disorders in addition to major depression than among patients with major depression only. The findings elucidated the close connection between the more chronic affective disorders and the personality disorders, irrespective of any concomitant diagnosis of major depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Characteristics of patients with major depression in combination with dysthymic or cyclothymic disorders. Childhood and precipitating events.

The relationship between patients with acute major depression and chronic affective disorders was investigated in 298 nonpsychotic outpatients. The patients were categorized into 4 groups: major depression only, major depression with dysthymic or cyclothymic disorders, dysthymic or cyclothymic disorder without major depression and one group of other psychiatric disorders. The patients were interviewed about childhood losses, relationship to parents and siblings and family atmosphere, their personality characteristics as children, as well as precipitating events. The reports in the various diagnostic groups were compared. Patients in the mixed group reported somewhat more traumatic childhood experiences compared with patients in the pure major depression group and pure dysthymic-cyclothymic group, and much more traumatic childhood experiences compared with patients in the group of other disorders. Precipitating events among patients in the acute major depression group consisted of more acute external stressors compared with the events of the patients in the group of chronic affective disorders. Patients with major depression in combination with pure dysthymic-cyclothymic disorder generally remembered their childhood as having been more traumatic, with a less satisfying relationship to their parents.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

A comprehensive review of cyclothymic disorder.

Chronic affective disorders have generated much interest during the past decade due to increasing recognition of their clinical importance and because of controversy about their appropriate classification and treatment. The purpose of this paper was to review cyclothymic disorder. This review will include historical concepts, clinical phenomenology, family history, biological studies, and treatment of cyclothymia. In addition, the relationship of cyclothymia to other psychiatric disorders, such as bipolar, dysthymic, and personality disorders, is examined. The results suggest that some forms of cyclothymia are strongly associated with bipolar disorder, but that the condition is clinically heterogeneous. The problems of existing research in this area and future directions for research are also discussed.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1977

Cyclothymic disorder: validating criteria for inclusion in the bipolar affective group.

The authors identified 46 cyclothymic probands from a random pool of 500 psychiatric outpatients and prospectively followed them over a 2-3 year period. They used 50 bipolar patients with a definite history of mania and 50 patients with personality disorders as control groups. Although 66% of the cyclothymic outpatients had previously received the diagnosis of hysteria or sociopathy, their pedigrees were similar to those seen in classical bipolar manic-depressive illness; furthermore, 44% of the cyclothymic group experienced brief hypomanic episodes while taking tricyclic drugs, and 35% developed full-blown hypomanic, manic, or depressive episodes during drug-free follow-up. The authors conclude that these findings provide evidence for a cyclothymic-bipolar spectrum.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Slowly-progressing schizophrenia and cyclothymic disorder with phobic manifestations in patients under a general practitioner's care].

A total of 90 patients were investigated in the general practice out-patient clinics. The patients had not been earlier studied by a psychiatrist and had unclear forms of endogenous diseases and phobic disorders: 70 patients with slow progredient schizophrenia, 20 with cyclothymia. Despite the phobic manifestations of slow progredient schizophrenia and cyclothymia being identical on the phenomenological level, their structure and time course were different. Favorable++ and unfavorable clinico-psychopathological prognostic signs were determined for each of the diseases. The principles of therapeutic and rehabilitation tactics are discussed with special reference to the patients with slow progredient schizophrenia and cyclothymia with phobic disorders in primary health care units. Out-patient group was compared to the patients of dispensary departments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Cyclothymic disorder and bromocriptine: predisposing factors for postpartum mania?

Women are most susceptible to psychotic reactions during the postpartum period, a time of intense psychological and physiological stress. Mania and depression are particularly common at this time, especially in women with past or family histories of major or minor affective disorders, specifically cyclothymia and dysthymia. Close attention after childbirth is warranted to alleviate and prevent these episodes in such women. Sympathomimetic drugs such as bromocriptine and the over-the-counter diet aids, which are linked to the induction of manic episodes, are frequently used in the puerperal period and may act as catalysts. This case report documents a postpartum manic episode in a cyclothymic woman who was prescribed bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist, for prevention of lactation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Borderline schizophrenia and cyclothymic disorder associated with disorders of the menstrual cycle].

Clinico-pathological investigation of borderline schizophrenia (42 women) and cyclothymia (22 women) with concomitant disorders in menstrual function was performed in a regional out-patient gynecological department. Major types of the course of mild psychopathology were identified which involve the endocrine gynecological dysfunction. Functional disorders of the menstrual cycle are seen as a class of numerous somatic signs masking the psychopathology in its proper sense in mental diseases and emerging at the edge of "soft" endogenous mental disorder. The authors postulate that the central nervous system regions responsible for child birth are involved into these forms of mental pathology. The issues of differentiating these ailments involving gynecological dysfunction from the true endocrine-gynecological pathology are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Autonomic vascular asthenia as a component of the psycho- autonomic syndrome in slowly progressing schizophrenia and cyclothymic disorder in young patients].

Investigated were 55 patients with slow-progredient schizophrenia and cyclothymia aged 17 to 25 with the syndrome of vaso-autonomic dystonia (VAD) accompanying their mental disorder. VAD was found in 80% of the depressive cases, hypomaniac syndromes and psychopath-like (residual) states. Each of these disorders correlated with a distinct type of VAD. In a majority of the cases VAD manifested after several years of mental disease. The study provides grounds for combined psychotropic and rational psychotherapy with an early social rehabilitating assistance. The study substantiated the necessity of psychiatric services aimed at specialized psychiatric aid to these patients in the general out-patient clinic network.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[One of the variants of larvate cyclothymic disorder simulating pathology of the locomotor system].

Based on the reported data and the authors' findings 40 cases of larvate cyclothymia are described. The pivotal symptomatology of the disease involved masked hypochondriac subdepressions that imitated pathology of the bones and joints. In view of this fact the mental disease could not be recognized by the physicians and was diagnosed erroneously as a pathology of the bones and joints. The author provides a 3-component structure of the given hypochondriac depressions and differential diagnostic criteria for their separation from genuine pathology of the bones and joints.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Ulcerative colitis: a cyclothymic disorder?

While psychogenic aspects in ulcerative colitis have been comprehensively studied, much less attention has been given to sequence and interaction of psychic and somatic factors in psychopathological description. Onset of schizoaffective and cyclothymic symptomatology in 20 ulcerative colitis patients proved to occur only after somatic manifestation. As later on organic and psychic relapse never occurred simultaneously, further discussion should be centered on two points: Does schizoaffective cyclothymic axial syndrome occur separately from ulcerative colitis manifestation? Or is there a common etiological, pathogenic base for both somatic and psychic symptoms?

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed1986

Diagnostic reliability among French psychiatrists using DSM-III criteria.

The reliability of French psychiatrists using DSM-III axis I disorders was studied using videotaped semi-structured diagnostic interviews, 136 psychiatrists with different levels of clinical experience classified 11 cases into six preselected diagnostic categories: Schizophrenia, Major Depressive Episode, Dysthymic Disorder, Cyclothymic Disorder, Other Psychiatric Diagnosis, No Present Psychiatric Diagnosis. A modified Kappa coefficient for multiple observers was used to calculate agreement and thereby estimate reliability. We obtained an overall Kappa of 0.55 for six categories, and when the Dysthymic and Cyclothymic Disorders were combined into one class, i.e. other specific affective disorders, the Kappa value increased to 0.64. The Kappa value for individual categories was best for Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Episode, and poor for Dysthymic and Cyclothymic Disorders. Clinical experience or prior knowledge of DSM-III criteria did not have a significant effect on reliability.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Divalproex monotherapy in the treatment of bipolar offspring with mood and behavioral disorders and at least mild affective symptoms.

BACKGROUND: Offspring of parents with bipolar disorder, by virtue of their high-risk status for developing bipolar disorder, merit an investigation of the efficacy of treatment with mood stabilizers. Behavioral and mood difficulties in this population may represent prodromal forms of bipolar disorder. We studied the efficacy of divalproex in treating child and adolescent bipolar offspring with mood or behavioral disorders who did not yet meet criteria for bipolar I or II disorder. METHOD: We studied 24 children aged 6-18 years (mean = 11.3 years; 17 boys/7 girls) with at least 1 biological parent with bipolar disorder. Participants were diagnosed by the Washington University in St. Louis Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia with at least 1 of the following DSM-IV disorders: major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, cyclothymic disorder, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Subjects all had at least moderate affective symptoms (28-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression or Young Mania Rating Scale score > 12). After a 2-week washout period, subjects were treated with divalproex for 12 weeks, titrated to achieve serum levels of 50-120 micro g/mL (mean final dose = 821 mg/day; mean final serum level = 79.0 micro g/mL). RESULTS: One subject discontinued after 2 weeks due to continuation of symptoms. Of the remaining 23 subjects, 18 (78%) were considered responders by primary outcome criteria ("very much improved" or "much improved" on the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale). Divalproex was well tolerated with no discontinuations due to adverse effects. CONCLUSION: Bipolar offspring with mood or behavioral disorders and at least mild affective symptoms may respond to divalproex treatment. Our study was limited by the open treatment, lack of a placebo group, and the heterogeneous nature of the sample. Controlled studies are warranted in the use of divalproex in symptomatic bipolar offspring.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Dysthymia and cyclothymia: historical origins and contemporary development.

The aim of this article is to review and put in their historical context today's data, methodologies and concepts concerning subaffective disorders. The historic roots of dysthymic and cyclothymic disorders--part of the subaffective spectrum--are essentially Greek, but the first use of the word 'dysthymia' in psychiatry was by C.F. Flemming in 1844. E. Hecker introduced the term 'cyclothymia' in 1877. K.L. Kahlbaum (1882) further developed the concepts of hyperthymia, cyclothymia and dysthymia--with possible subthreshold symptomatology--in 1882. After Kraepelin's rubric of 'manic-depressive insanity', the term 'dysthymia' was widely forgotten, and 'cyclothymia' became ill defined. Nowadays the latter term is used in three, partially contradictory, senses: (1) a synonym for bipolar disorder (K. Schneider), (2) a temperament (E. Kretschmer) and (3) a subaffective disorder (DSM-IV, ICD-10). A renaissance of subaffective disorders began with the development of DSM-III. Therapeutically important research has focused on dysthymic disorder and its relationship to major depressive disorder, while cyclothymic disorder is relatively neglected; nonetheless, operationalized as a subaffective dimension or temperament, cyclothymia appears to be a likely precursor or ingredient of the construct of bipolar II disorder.

Cyclothymic Disorder↗