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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

A study on neonatal behaviour comparing between two groups from different cultural backgrounds.

Fifty-one British newborn infants and 51 Japanese newborn infants were compared using Prechtl's neonatal neurological examination and Brazelton's neonatal behavioural assessment scale on the 5th day after birth. Statistically significant differences were found between the two groups. British infants were more responsive to the stimuli displayed and showed better self-quieting activity and motor performance than Japanese infants and there were differences in the course of state change and of habituation; however, some responses may have been affected by daily posture. These results are partly supported by the findings of other studies. As conditions which have previously been reported to affect neonatal status were matched between the two groups, with cultural background being the only exception, it can be said that the differences arose from the cultural background.

Behavior↗
PubMed1990

Cultural background and drinking patterns in problem drinkers in northern Norway.

It was hypothesized that drinking patterns, treatment goals and psycho-social consequences of drinking (as measured by the MAST) would be different in Saami ('Lapp') and Norwegian in-patient problem drinkers, due to differences in cultural background. Drinking patterns and treatment goals differed significantly, implying that Saami clients demonstrated a more periodic drinking pattern and, to a smaller extent, tended to prefer total abstinence or a large reduction in alcohol consumption as their treatment goal compared to Norwegian clients. Furthermore, the Saami clients obtained significantly lower scores on the MAST than the Norwegian clients. No differences in degree of physical dependence and self-reported alcohol consumption were observed. These findings indicate that the drinking culture in the two groups is different. Furthermore, the results imply that the MAST yields different problem scores in Saami and Norwegian clients, probably due to differences in ways of living in the two ethnic groups.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Repertory, therapeutic indications, chemical analysis and cultural background of mineral drugs of Afghanistan.

The traditional uses of minerals drugs and chemical products for medicine were studied in Afghanistan. Twelve medicinal drugs have been identified by chemical investigations and are presented in one table with the vernacular names (in Dari, Pasto and Kati); the origins and the therapeutical uses are listed in another table with their cultural background in pre-Islamic (Greek and Indian medicines) and Islamic pharmacopoeia (Afghano-Persian and Arabian medicines). Twenty-six other mineral drugs are also mentioned.

Afghanistan↗
PubMed1992

Preservice training to meet the needs of people from diverse cultural backgrounds.

The provision of speech-language pathology and audiology services to persons from culturally and linguistically diverse populations is changing. Researchers have indicated that many current ASHA certified speech-language pathologists and audiologists do not perceive themselves as competent to provide services to individuals from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds due to the paucity of this information during their professional education (Campbell, 1986; Shewan & Malm, 1989; Snope, 1982). ASHA has attempted to meet the needs of individuals from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds who are communicatively impaired and students and practitioners through the latest revisions of the requirements for the Certificates of clinical Competence and through ESB accreditation requirements for university training programs. This article discussed several important needs associated with university training programs for speech-language pathologists and audiologists that must be considered as the professions respond to the needs of specific service populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Trichotillomania. Two case reports from a similar cultural background.

Case reports of 2 female patients from the Makrani culture are presented. They were both around 30 years of age, clinically depressed and responded favorably to antidepressants. One of these patients was infertile, and the other one had started pulling her hair when deprived of her jewelry. Fertility and possession of jewelry represent femininity in the Makrani culture. A brief review of the literature on trichotillomania and its psychopathology is also included.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effects of cultural background and education on handedness.

A 5-item handedness questionnaire was given to 317 subjects in four different groups: (1) 51 Tucano (Amazonian jungle) adolescents (36 male, 15 female); (2) 66 Spanish-speaking adolescents (43 male, 23 female) with similar age and educational background to the Tucano group; (3) 100 urban subjects (50 male, 50 female) with a low educational level; and (4) 100 urban subjects (50 male, 50 female) with a high level of education. Hand preference scores were not affected by sex or educational level. The incidence of left-handedness was lower in the Tucano group than in the other groups, despite the fact that the Tucano culture is a highly permissive one. The two rural groups showed less extreme hand preferences than the urban groups, and the Tucano in particular were less likely to indicate extreme hand preferences on any of the items. These results indicate significant effects of culture and environment on declared hand preference, and may be pertinent to recent discussions of cerebral organization in illiterates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Premature ejaculation--results of treatment of men of 2 different cultural backgrounds].

The object of this investigation was to compare Danish and Muslim men treated for premature ejaculation in the Department of Sexology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen. The investigation is a retrospective review from the period 1986-1989. The following variables were included in the investigation: Mode of referral, personal data, duration of sexual dysfunction, previous sexological/psychiatric treatment, methods of treatment and results of treatment. The material consists of 60 Danish and 32 Muslim men. The investigation reveals that the Muslim men predominantly receive individual therapy of brief duration. Fewer Muslims were instructed in sensuality training and fewer carry out stop-start-treatment. The Muslim men responded more poorly to treatment than the Danish men. The differences in the therapeutic methods and therapeutic results cannot be explained on the basis of the personal parameters and possible cultural obstacles to treatment are suggested. For example, the therapist must become familiar with taboos and beliefs in the Muslim culture. The referring instance should inform the patients about the therapeutic principles at the Department of Sexology and attempts must be made to motivate possible partners to participate in the treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Distribution of common symptoms in 2500 schizophrenics and their comparative analysis on the background of times and culture].

In the paper, the distribution of the common symptoms in 2,500 Schizophrenics was reported, including 1,600 cases in Shanghai Mental Health Center, 500 cases in Chuan Sha County Mental Hospital, 200 cases in Nan Hui County Mental Hospital in Shanghai and 200 cases in Su County Mental Hospital in An Hui province respectively. In the 2,500 cases, apart from 1,600 cases including 500 cases discharged from 1964 to 1965, and 500 cases discharged from 1984 to 1985 in Shanghai Mental Health Center, the rest was hospitalizing during 1988 to august of 1990. Among these patients, 67 symptoms were shown in which 47 symptoms were much common. There was the most significant difference in the 22 symptoms of the 23 much more common symptoms between 1960 and 1980s (P < 0.01). According to the comparison of the various cultural background, there was the most significant difference in 15 symptoms (P < 0.01).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2025

Refined and benchmarked homemade media for cost-effective, weekend-free human pluripotent stem cell culture.

BACKGROUND: Cost-effective, practical, and reproducible culture of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is required for basic and translational research. Basal 8 (B8) has emerged as a cost-effective solution for weekend-free and chemically-defined hPSC culture. However, the requirement to home-produce some recombinant growth factors for B8 can hinder access and reproducibility. Moreover, we found the published B8 formulation suboptimal in widely-used normoxic hPSC culture. Lastly, the performance of B8 in functional applications such as genome editing or organoid differentiation required systematic evaluation. METHODS: We formulated B8 with commercially available, growth factors and adjusted its composition to support normoxic culture of WTC11 human induced pluripotent stem cell line. We compared this formulation (B8+) with commercial Essential 8 (cE8) and a home-made, weekend-free E8 formulation (hE8). We measured pluripotency marker expression and cell cycle by flow cytometry, and investigated the transcriptional profiles by bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing. We further assessed genomic stability, genome editing efficiency, single-cell cloning, and differentiation in both monolayer and organoids. Finally, we validated key findings using male (H1) and female (H9) human embryonic stem cells. RESULTS: hE8 performed comparably to cE8 across most functional assays and cell lines. In contrast, cells in B8+ displayed higher NANOG expression and improved genome editing efficiency. At the same time, B8+ led to gene expression changes indicative of marked lineage priming, reflected in altered morphology and differential response to some differentiation protocols. Both weekend-free media resulted in a modest transcriptional shift towards a less metabolically active state, consistent with intermittent media starvation. CONCLUSIONS: Homemade weekend-free media can provide a cost-effective alternative to commercial formulations. hE8, integrating some features of B8 while resembling cE8, emerges as a robust and practical option with limited compromises. B8+, though advantageous in some contexts, warrants caution due to lineage priming effects that may impact differentiation outcomes.

hiPSC; pluripotency; culture media; thermostable F↗
PubMed1992

[Health promotion and wellness programs in private corporate organizations. Problems of trans-national and trans-cultural transferability].

Health promotion and wellness programmes in corporate organisations are subjects of considerable interest to both the providers (companies) and the consumers (employees). Economic considerations constitute a significant factor in businesses' interest in adopting health promotion programmes and in the wellness communities attempts to sell such programming to business. Substantial elements of both the business and wellness communities believe that health promotion programmes are financially profitable in addition to, and as a result of, improving employee's health. A fact which has not yet attracted significant research activities is a comparative analysis of corporate health promotion and wellness programmes in different societies with different cultural backgrounds, corporate cultures and external environments. Especially the emerging of a "New Europe" after the full realisation of the Common Market (EC) after 1992 and the tremendous economic possibilities after substantial political changes in the political structure of the eastern part of Europe (on its way to capitalism) might make it worth to look into corporate wellness programs of European organisations and to discuss pros and cons after comparing them with the ones of their American counterparts. Most important facts in which US organisations differ from most European corporations are not only the internal corporate culture but also the external environment, such as direct government interventions and political pressure from the consumer interest groups (strong unions). In many European countries the government imposes a very tight regulatory and legal framework and dictates the way corporate organisations have to share the burden of health related costs and have to provide occupational, wellness or preventive programmes for their employees.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Austria↗
PubMed1991

The management of confidentiality in Egypt.

Patient confidentiality is an important issue for treating clinician regardless of the cultural background. Though cultural and religious issues may have an impact on the confidentiality standards. This article discusses the confidentiality standards in Egypt citing the laws and ethical codes governing them. This is followed by a research study in which a questionnaire containing ten vignettes representing different common themes confronted by the practicing clinician was completed by forty-one Egyptian psychiatrists. They checked off categories representing alternatives they might choose dealing with the themes. Each respondent received a score. The scores were compared with those of American and Israeli psychiatrists who participated in a similar study. There were no statistically significant differences though Egyptian and Israeli psychiatrists appear to be somewhat more inclined to break confidentiality. However, significant differences were found to exist for some of the vignettes between the three groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Relationships of parathyroid hormone, parathyroid secretory protein, parathyroid hormone messenger RNA, parathyroid secretory protein mRNA, and replication in human parathyroid adenoma and secondary hyperplasia tissues and cultures.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationships of extractable and secreted parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid secretory protein (PSP) in human parathyroid tumors to PTH messenger RNA (mRNA), PSP mRNA, and cell replication. METHODS AND RESULTS: In tissue cultures of seven adenomas and five secondary hyperplasias, we found a direct correlation for secreted PTH versus PSP for both adenomas and secondary hyperplasias. Secreted PTH:PSP was elevated for adenomas (11:1) compared to that of secondary hyperplasias (2:1), and adenomas secreted significantly more PTH and PSP than did secondary hyperplasias. In extracts of eight adenomas and six secondary hyperplasias, the ratio of PTH:PSP was unexpectedly low (2:1) and similar for both adenomas and secondary hyperplasias. The ratio of extractable PTH mRNA:PSP mRNA was extremely low for both adenomas (1:7) and for secondary hyperplasias (1:5). Flow cytometry indicated that percent replication was inversely correlated with PTH mRNA and PSP mRNA. CONCLUSIONS: Increased PTH secretion by adenomas cannot be attributed to increased biosynthetic capacity because it is less than expected. Hypersecretion of PTH by adenomas and coincident marked reductions in PTH mRNA suggest either a defect in cytoplasmic storage of PTH or impairment of normal posttranslational degradation of PTH. As parathyroid tumor cells increase replication, PTH mRNA is reduced. Possible explanations for this include decreased PTH gene transcription or decreased mRNA half-life.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

Screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy: urinalysis vs urine culture.

BACKGROUND: Asymptomatic bacteriuria is common during pregnancy. Its average prevalence is 6%. It is an important risk factor for acute pyelonephritis, hypertension, preeclampsia, fetal wastage, low birthweight, and prematurity. This study was performed to determine the usefulness of urine microscopy as a substitute for doing a screening urine culture. METHODS: The medical records of all first trimester obstetric visits from 1984 to 1990 were reviewed at a major university. The results of 888 screening urinalyses were recorded and compared with those of subsequent urine cultures. RESULTS: Fifty-four cultures had growth of a single organism with a bacteria level of at least 1000 organisms per milliliter. In the prediction of a positive culture, the microscopic findings of five or more leukocytes per high-power field (HPF) showed a sensitivity of 94.4% and a specificity of 95.0%. CONCLUSION: Physicians should test the urine of all prenatal patients at their first visit and send to the laboratory only those specimens with 5 or more leukocytes per HPF. Using this method, unnecessary screening urine cultures will be substantially reduced.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Proaggregating and procoagulant activities of human mesothelioma tumor cells at different stages of "in vitro" culture.

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms of the interactions between tumor cells and the hemostatic system are not completely understood; the purpose of this study was to elucidate whether tumor cells grown "in vitro" express the same proaggregating and procoagulant activities as cells isolated from tumor tissues, and whether the activities of such cultures are constant and consistent over time. METHODS: Tumor cells were collected and cultured from the pleural fluid of a 71-year-old patient with a sarcomatous malignant mesothelioma. Platelet aggregating activity was studied by adding tumor cells to platelet rich plasma or to washed, aequorin-loaded platelets. The procoagulant activity of the tumor cells was measured by the one-stage recalcification time of different humans plasma substrates. RESULTS: Cells harvested after 4 culture passages possessed low, ADP-dependent platelet aggregating activity, while those studied after 16 or 40 passages activated platelets through the production of thrombin. In the washed platelet system and in the presence of trace amounts of platelet poor plasma, the difference in the aggregating activity of various tumor cell populations was more evident. Normal mesothelial cells did not induce platelet aggregation. Procoagulant activity (tissue factor-like) was low in normal mesothelial cells and in tumor cells after 4 passages, and it was about 10 times higher in tumor cells after 16 or 40 passages. CONCLUSIONS: Results obtained with tumor cells cultured "in vitro" should be considered with caution because their effects are different from those of freshly isolated cells and may not be constant in the different culture passages.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Distribution of m-IBG in nude mice bearing LAN-5 neuroblastoma xenografts and in vitro cell culture.

BACKGROUND: Neuroblastoma is the commonest extra-cranial solid tumour of childhood and has a poor clinical outcome in patients with disseminated disease. Animal xenografts of this tumour offer a useful method of studying new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the tumour, prior to consideration of clinical trials. METHODS: 131I m-IBG was injected into nude mice bearing xenografts of the human neuroblastoma line LAN 5 in several sites. Animals were sacrificed at 24 (n = 6) and 48 hours (n = 5) and the biodistribution of the agent as well as uptake into the xenografted tumours was determined in a gamma well counter. In-vitro uptake of m-IBG into suspensions of LAN 5 cells was also determined in order to confirm the animal studies. RESULTS: There was no preferential accumulation of m-IBG in the xenografted tumours in any of the sites considered. Similarly, the in-vitro uptake of m-IBG showed the typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics of simple diffusion with no evidence of active uptake. CONCLUSIONS: The human neuroblastoma line LAN 5 failed to enrich m-IBG in either the xenograft or in-vitro situation. This may be related to the poor degree of differentiation of the tumour as evidenced by its unusual ease of growth in the sub-cutaneous site.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗