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Results for “Cultural Background”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Medicine in a multi-cultural society: the effect of cultural background on beliefs about medications.

This exploratory, cross-sectional study examined the effect of self-reported cultural background on beliefs about medicines (modern pharmaceuticals) and perceptions of personal sensitivity to the adverse effects of taking medication. Using a validated questionnaire, beliefs about pharmaceutical medication were compared between 500 UK undergraduate students who identified themselves as having an Asian or European cultural background. There was a significant association between cultural background and beliefs about the benefits and dangers of medicines. Students who self-reported to have an Asian cultural background expressed more negative views about medication than those who reported a European cultural background. Students with an Asian cultural background were significantly more likely to perceive medicines as being intrinsically harmful, addictive substances that should be avoided. They were significantly less likely to endorse the benefits of modern medication. There was no significant relationship between cultural background and perceptions of personal sensitivity to medication effects or belief about how doctors use medication. In the total sample, past and present experience of taking medication was associated with a more positive orientation to medicines in general. Students who considered themselves to have a European cultural background had significantly more experience with prescribed medication than those who selected an Asian cultural background. The relationship between cultural background and beliefs about medicines in general was maintained after controlling for potential confounding variables, including chosen degree course, experience of taking prescribed medication, age, and gender. The identification of differences in beliefs about medication, between two specific cultural groups, suggests the need for a greater understanding of the effects of cultural background on medicine-usage with potential implications for the conduct of prescribing-related consultations and for the provision of patient information on medication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Cultural dissimilarities in general practice: development and validation of a patient's cultural background scale.

Due to increased migration physicians encounter more communication difficulties due to poor language proficiency and different culturally defined views about illness. This study aimed to develop and validate a 'patient's cultural background scale' in order to classify patients based on culturally conditioned norms instead of on ethnicity. A total of 986 patients from 38 multi-ethnic general practices were included. From a list of 36 questions, non-contributing and non-consistent questions were deleted and from the remaining questions the scale was constructed by principal component analysis. Comparing the scale with two other methods of construction assessed internal validity. Comparing the found dimensions with known dimensions from literature assessed the construct validity. Criterion validity was determined by comparing the patient's score with criteria assumed or known to have relationship with cultural background. Criterion validity was reasonably good but poor for income. A valid patient's cultural background scale was developed, for use in large-scale quantitative studies.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Attitude towards psychotherapy in the Russian population and in the population with a Russian/Soviet cultural background in Germany. A pilot study].

BACKGROUND: We assumed that persons with a Russian/Soviet cultural background have a more skeptical attitude towards psychotherapy than persons with a German background because of the poor distribution of psychotherapy and the knowledge about this kind of treatment in Russia. METHODS: We compared the views of Russian probands (n=40), Russian migrants living in Germany (n=65) and German probands (n=70) with the "Questionnaire on Attitudes towards Psychotherapeutic Treatment" (QAPT). For the study of the Russian probands we translated the questionnaire into the Russian language. RESULTS: The psychometric examination predominantly suggests the quality of the Russian version of the QAPT. Russian probands showed a more skeptical attitude towards psychotherapy compared to the German probands. The migrants had a tendentially more negative attitude than the Germans and a more positive attitude than the Russians. However, we could not determine any differences concerning the anticipated social acceptance regarding participation in psychotherapy. DISCUSSION: The results suggest the relevance of culture-specific factors in psychotherapy and an increased need for information of persons with a Russian/Soviet cultural background about psychotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Cultural background and coping with loneliness.

The present study is an examination of the influence of cultural background on an individual's ability to cope with loneliness. Participants were from 3 cultural backgrounds: North American, South Asian, and West Indian. A total of 679 participants (318 men and 361 women) answered an 18-item loneliness questionnaire. Results revealed significant differences in the coping strategies that the participants used. Gender differences were also found across the cultures and within each culture.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

GPs, schoolgirls and sex. A cross cultural background comparison of general practitioner attitudes towards contraceptive service provision for young adolescent females in Scotland.

No previous studies have examined the influences of cultural background on the provision of contraceptive services to females under 16 years of age. A research project was undertaken to investigate any differences between general practitioners trained in the United Kingdom and those trained in the Indian sub-continent in relation to contraceptive service provision to females under 16 years of age. A self-completion postal questionnaire survey was distributed to 230 unrestricted principal general practitioners across Scotland. Subjects were identified from the Medical Register. Half of the sample consisted of all those working in Scotland who had been trained in the Indian sub-continent. The other half were a comparable group that had been trained in the United Kingdom and were selected by quasi-random quota sampling. The response rate was 57 per cent (131/230). General practitioners in the study who had trained in the Indian sub-continent were found to be significantly less likely to provide contraceptive services to a female under 16 years of age than those who had trained in the United Kingdom. Cultural background may be influential in general practitioner provision of contraceptive services to females below the legal age of consent for sexual intercourse. In order to obtain more conclusive evidence a larger study is necessary. Such investigations must be undertaken with appropriate sensitivity and social awareness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Tendency, features and cultural background of modern medicine in China].

The new tendency and features of development of medicine in modern China is discussed on the social and cultural background, which bears a dual character of both advancement and backwardness. By analysing the features of modern Chinese civilization, it is emphasized that modern China's medicine was developed on an extremely complex social and cultural background. It was not only restricted within the cultural framework but also governed by the intrinsic rule of medicine itself. This paper also mentions the five features and three tendencies of medicine based on historical facts, which reflects definitely the objective rules of modern Chinese medicine. It is these rules that links premodern and modern medicine. The work of contemporary China is in line with these rules.

China↗
PubMed2007

Passing on our culture: how older Australians from diverse cultural backgrounds contribute to civil society.

Australia is a culturally diverse country, with one in five older Australians born overseas in non-English speaking countries, as well as others who are part of the Indigenous population of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. Little is known about how these individuals age productively and contribute to society. Survey data show that they are less likely to volunteer for an organisation than other older people, yet it may be that they contribute to civil society in alternate ways that are generally unrecognised and unacknowledged. In the absence of a general lack of understanding of how older Australians from diverse cultural backgrounds contribute to community, the aim of the present paper is to explore this topic using qualitative data from a larger study of the lived experiences of older Australians. Findings suggest that respondents are very active within their families and communities in ways that differ from mainstream older Australians. Generally, they have an important role in maintaining or promoting their culture; and providing support across their communities based on common experience. In particular, respondents describe a special relationship with the young within their communities. This includes being a grandparent or elderly advisor, as well as the role that many Indigenous elders play in encouraging and supporting troubled young people. Although further and more representative studies of older Australians are now needed, this paper, nevertheless, begins to explore what has been a neglected area of ageing policy and research.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A study on neonatal behaviour comparing between two groups from different cultural backgrounds.

Fifty-one British newborn infants and 51 Japanese newborn infants were compared using Prechtl's neonatal neurological examination and Brazelton's neonatal behavioural assessment scale on the 5th day after birth. Statistically significant differences were found between the two groups. British infants were more responsive to the stimuli displayed and showed better self-quieting activity and motor performance than Japanese infants and there were differences in the course of state change and of habituation; however, some responses may have been affected by daily posture. These results are partly supported by the findings of other studies. As conditions which have previously been reported to affect neonatal status were matched between the two groups, with cultural background being the only exception, it can be said that the differences arose from the cultural background.

Behavior↗
PubMed2006

[A good medical curriculum takes the religious beliefs and cultural background of the students into consideration].

The ethnic composition of the student population is highly diverse, just like that of the Dutch population, and the medical curriculum should take this into consideration. The curriculum assumes that doctors will be able to recognise problems that are related to a particular cultural background. The flexibility that medical curricula are expected to display in the way they deal with cultural diversity may also be expected of both Dutch and originally non-Dutch students. Opening up dilemmas for discussion and searching for solutions in a constructive manner during the medical curriculum can contribute to a professional approach to patients later in life.

Culture↗
PubMed1990

Cultural background and drinking patterns in problem drinkers in northern Norway.

It was hypothesized that drinking patterns, treatment goals and psycho-social consequences of drinking (as measured by the MAST) would be different in Saami ('Lapp') and Norwegian in-patient problem drinkers, due to differences in cultural background. Drinking patterns and treatment goals differed significantly, implying that Saami clients demonstrated a more periodic drinking pattern and, to a smaller extent, tended to prefer total abstinence or a large reduction in alcohol consumption as their treatment goal compared to Norwegian clients. Furthermore, the Saami clients obtained significantly lower scores on the MAST than the Norwegian clients. No differences in degree of physical dependence and self-reported alcohol consumption were observed. These findings indicate that the drinking culture in the two groups is different. Furthermore, the results imply that the MAST yields different problem scores in Saami and Norwegian clients, probably due to differences in ways of living in the two ethnic groups.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Repertory, therapeutic indications, chemical analysis and cultural background of mineral drugs of Afghanistan.

The traditional uses of minerals drugs and chemical products for medicine were studied in Afghanistan. Twelve medicinal drugs have been identified by chemical investigations and are presented in one table with the vernacular names (in Dari, Pasto and Kati); the origins and the therapeutical uses are listed in another table with their cultural background in pre-Islamic (Greek and Indian medicines) and Islamic pharmacopoeia (Afghano-Persian and Arabian medicines). Twenty-six other mineral drugs are also mentioned.

Afghanistan↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Management of family and workplace stress experienced by women of colour from various cultural backgrounds.

Minority women identify finances and maintaining cultural values as their most commonly experienced stressors at home and in the work-place. A before and after study of ethnic minority women in focus group sessions led by a trained ethnic minority facilitator examined how social and workplace supports, or lack thereof, impact on the individuals' ability to manage daily life. Creative, effective solutions to stressors were identified by the participants. Outcomes were evaluated in terms of the impact of changes on the participants' coping styles in family and work life. Results indicate that a large percentage of women in this study felt discriminated against based on their culture/race, however, this perceived discrimination decreased after the focus groups. The predominant stress management techniques were prayer and music. Family support was the most influential factor in decreasing stress. The family is a major source of support for the working women, acting as a buffer to workplace pressures.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Preservice training to meet the needs of people from diverse cultural backgrounds.

The provision of speech-language pathology and audiology services to persons from culturally and linguistically diverse populations is changing. Researchers have indicated that many current ASHA certified speech-language pathologists and audiologists do not perceive themselves as competent to provide services to individuals from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds due to the paucity of this information during their professional education (Campbell, 1986; Shewan & Malm, 1989; Snope, 1982). ASHA has attempted to meet the needs of individuals from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds who are communicatively impaired and students and practitioners through the latest revisions of the requirements for the Certificates of clinical Competence and through ESB accreditation requirements for university training programs. This article discussed several important needs associated with university training programs for speech-language pathologists and audiologists that must be considered as the professions respond to the needs of specific service populations.

Adult↗