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[Health situation of the armies in the Crimean war and a document related to this].

Although the Crimean War seems to be a war between the Ottoman and Russian with the support of England an France, in reality, it was a power struggle between the biggest European countries. The cooperation between England - Ottoman Empire and France in the Crimean War meanly determined the result of the war. The Crimean War should not only be evaluated in militarian and political aspect, but also from other perspectives. One of the most important problems for the allied armies in Istanbul and Crimea was related to the health concepts. During the two years long war, problems were the freezing cold and contagious diseases before the Russian soldiers. And thypus, scorbut, cholera and malaria prepears the dead of a large number of soldiers. Although the allied armies won the battle but all the sides fighting in the was lost many people due to contagious diseases. According to the resources, the contagious diseases such as, thypus, cholera and malaria led to the deads of more than ten times of the people who were in the battle field. Thats why, The European armies understood the importance of the treatment diseases in the war and gave importance to the development of military medical services and form this point, the Crimean War became the begining of an important development in military health concept.

Europe↗

Renkioi: a forgotten Crimean War hospital and its significance.

Renkioi Civil Hospital was built late in the Crimean War (1854-6) in Turkey on the Dardanelles. Designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, its prefabricated structure was a brilliant engineering innovation. As a civil hospital for military patients, it was staffed by experienced civilian doctors, thereby relieving the shortage of military doctors. Renkioi is remembered as an astonishing early prefabricated structure. However the war was soon to end and it was never used to near capacity. Thus, its other successful features are largely forgotten. It demonstrated the advantages of a doctors, rather than a military officer, being in complete command of a hospital and this was later accepted by the army. Renkioi also showed how infection could be reduced by able staff in a well administered, properly designed hospital with good sanitation. After the war, Dr. Edmund Parkes, its Medical Superintendent, became the first Professor of Hygiene at the new Army Medical School, ensuring that "the prevention of disease and the promotion of health" became the first function of the Army Medical Services.

Crimean War↗

On the other side of the battle: Russian nurses in the Crimean War.

One redeeming feature that emerged from the horrors of the Crimean War was the skilled and compassionate nursing care provided by women. The work of Florence Nightingale and her nurses with the British forces is a familiar story. What is less well-known is that the fighting forces on the other side of the battle lines also had their contingent of nurses who helped to alleviate the suffering of their sick and wounded. This paper discusses the events leading up to the organization of Russia's volunteer nurses who provided care on their side of the battle.

History of Nursing↗

Russian nursing in the Crimean war.

Although the practice of military medicine and surgery goes back to antiquity, the British date the proper care of the wounded from the arrival of Florence Nightingale at Scutari in Turkey on 4 November 1854. The 140th anniversary of her work in that winter of the Crimean war is being celebrated by an exhibition at the Florence Nightingale Museum, 2 Lambeth Palace Road SE1 7EW, from 1 December 1994 till 30 April 1995. For the first time in this country it will tell a little of the other side of the story--the exploits of Russian nurses in caring for the casualties from both sides in the conflict--which is the subject of this article.

History, 19th Century↗