Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Crassulaceae”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Phylogenetic relationships and evolution of Crassulaceae inferred from matK sequence data.

Chloroplast gene matK sequence data were used to estimate the phylogeny of 112 species of Crassulaceae sampled from 33 genera and all six recognized subfamilies. Our analyses suggest that five of six subfamilies recognized in the most recent comprehensive classification of the family are not monophyletic. Instead, we recovered a basal split in Crassulaceae between the southern African CRASSULA: clade (Crassuloideae) and the rest of the family (Sedoideae). These results are compatible with recent studies of cpDNA restriction site analyses. Within Sedoideae, four subclades were also recovered: KALANCHOE:, Leucosedum, Acre, and AEONIUM:; evidence also exists for a TELEPHIUM: clade and SEMPERVIVUM: clade. The genus SEDUM: is highly polyphyletic with representatives spread throughout the large Sedoideae clade. Sympetaly and polymerous flowers have arisen multiple times in Crassulaceae and thus are not appropriate characters upon which to base subfamilial limits, as has been done in the past. One floral character, haplostemy, appears to be confined to the well-supported CRASSULA: clade. Our analyses suggest a southern African origin of the family, with subsequent dispersal northward into the Mediterranean region. From there, the family spread to Asia/eastern Europe and northern Europe; two separate lineages of European Crassulaceae subsequently dispersed to North America and underwent substantial diversification. Our analyses also suggest that the original base chromosome number in Crassulaceae is x = 8 and that polyploidy has played an important role in seven clades. Three of these clades are exclusively polyploid (SEMPERVIVUM: clade and two subclades within the KALANCHOE: and AEONIUM: clades), whereas four (Crassula, Telephium, Leucosedum, and ACRE: clades) comprise both diploid and polyploid taxa. Polyploidy is particularly rampant and cytological evolution especially complex in the ACRE: clade.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Molecular evolution of noncoding regions of the chloroplast genome in the Crassulaceae and related species.

Universal primers were used for PCR amplification of three noncoding regions of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) in order to study sequence-length variation in the Crassulaceae and in related species. Several length mutations were observed that are of diagnostic value for evolutionary relationships in the Crassulaceae and the Saxifragaceae. Length variation and sequence divergence in the intergenic spacer between the trnL (UAA) 3' exon and the trnF (GAA) gene among 15 species were studied in detail by nucleotide-sequence analysis. A total of 50 insertion/deletion mutations were observed, accounting for a spacer-length variation in the range of 228-360 bp. Eighteen short direct repeat motifs (4-11 bp) and two inverted repeat motifs (7-11 bp) were found to be associated with length variation. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequence data indicated a pattern of relationships that was largely consistent with a previous analysis of cpDNA restriction-site variation. Evaluation of the level of homoplasy in insertion/deletion mutations within a phylogenetic framework revealed that only 1 out of 34 length mutations longer than 2 bp must have had multiple origins. The feasibility of the noncoding chloroplast DNA regions for molecular evolutionary studies is discussed.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2001

Molecular phylogeny of the genus Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) inferred from nucleotide sequences of the ITS-1 and ITS-2 regions.

The study presents an analysis of genotypic diversity in the genus Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) on the level of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequences and the attempt to correlate this diversity with previous findings on ecophysiological behavior, habitat preference, infrageneric taxonomic position of the species and DNA polymorphism derived from RAPD-PCR data. The Kalanchoe species are mainly abundant in Madagascar and eastern continental Africa and perform in situ diverse modes of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), an ecophysiologically relevant adaptation of photosynthesis. Total DNA was extracted from 68 Kalanchoe species and varieties. The ITS-1 and ITS-2 regions of the nuclear RNA genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, cloned and sequenced. The alignments of the sequences were evaluated by distance (neighbor joining) and character state (maximum parsimony) methods. The main topologies of the obtained ITS phylogenetic trees were quite similar irrespective of the mode of evaluation and show: (A) within the Crassulaceae the genus Kalanchoe forms a monophyletic clade; and (B) within the genus the species form three main clusters which coincide well with the previously reported three infrageneric sections of the species distinguishable by classical taxonomic criteria, the mode of in situ CAM performance, and DNA fragment pattern obtained by RAPD-PCR analyses. Moreover, the ITS phylogenetic trees show that all African Kalanchoe species form a distinct group within the most derived of the three main clusters. This is consistent with the view that the center of phylogenetic radiation of the genus is located in Madagascar from where the species have spread into the continental Africa.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Aecidium kalanchoe sp. nov., a new rust on Kalanchoe blossfeldiana (Crassulaceae).

A rust fungus found on cultivars of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana (Crassulaceae) is described as a new species, Aecidium kalanchoe sp. nov., and compared to the other described rusts on members of the Crassulaceae. Only one other rust is known to parasitize Kalanchoe spp. A DNA sequence of A. kalanchoe suggests that the teleomorph is related to Puccinia.

Basidiomycota↗
PubMed2006

[Phylogenetic relationships among members of the subfamily sedoideae (Crassulaceae) inferred from the ITS region sequences of nuclear rDNA].

Nucleotide sequences of the nuclear rDNA ITS regions were determined in 20 species of the subfamily Sedoideae (Crassulaceae). The phylogenetic relationships of these species with other members of the subfamily, occurring mainly in Southeast Asia, were analyzed. It was shown that the genus Orostachys was not monophyletic; its typical subsection was reliably included into the clade of the genus Hylotelephium. Synapomorphic substitutions and indels, specific for the subsection Orostachys, were detected in ITS1. Sister relationships were established between clades Aizopsis and Phedimus, based on which they can be recognized as isolated genera.

Asia, Southeastern↗
PubMed2005

Genetic variation within and among populations of Rhodiola alsia (Crassulaceae) native to the Tibetan Plateau as detected by ISSR markers.

Genetic variation of 10 Rhodiola alsia (Crassulaceae) populations from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China was investigated using intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. R. alsia is an endemic species of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Of the 100 primers screened, 13 were highly polymorphic. Using these primers, 140 discernible DNA fragments were generated with 112 (80%) being polymorphic, indicating pronounced genetic variation at the species level. Also there were high levels of polymorphism at the population level with the percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) ranging from 63.4 to 88.6%. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the genetic variation was mainly found among populations (70.3%) and variance within populations was 29.7%. The main factors responsible for the high level of differentiation among populations are probably the isolation from other populations and clonal propagation of this species. Occasional sexual reproduction might occur in order to maintain high levels of variation within populations. Environmental conditions could also influence population genetic structure as they occur in severe habitats. The strong genetic differentiation among populations in our study indicates that the conservation of genetic variability in R. alsia requires maintenance of as many populations as possible.

DNA Primers↗
PubMed2006

Analgesic and anticonvulsant effects of extracts from the leaves of Kalanchoe crenata (Andrews) Haworth (Crassulaceae).

Kalanchoe crenata Andr. (Crassulaceae) is a fleshy herbaceous plant used in the African traditional medicine as remedies against otitis, headache, inflammations, convulsions and general debility. In the present work, the analgesic effects of methylene chloride/methanol (1:1) (CH(2)Cl(2)/CH(3)OH) extract and its hexane, methylene chloride (CH(2)Cl(2)), ethyl acetate, n-butanol fractions and aqueous residue have been evaluated using acetic acid, formalin and pressure test. The anticonvulsant effects of the CH(2)Cl(2)/CH(3)OH extract were also investigated on seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ 70 mg/kg), strychnine sulphate (STN 2.5 mg/kg) and thiosemicarbazide (TSC 50 mg/kg). CH(2)Cl(2)/CH(3)OH extract and its fractions, administered orally at the doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg, exhibited protective effect of at least 30% on the pain induced by acetic acid. The CH(2)Cl(2) fraction at 300 mg/kg showed a maximal effect of 78.49%. The CH(2)Cl(2)/CH(3)OH extract and its CH(2)Cl(2) fraction at the doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg significantly reduced the first phase of pain induced by formalin while the second phase was completely inhibited. The CH(2)Cl(2) fraction produced more than 45% reduction in the sensitivity to pain induced by pressure. The CH(2)Cl(2)/CH(3)OH extract of Kalanchoe crenata significantly increased the latency period in seizures induced by PTZ and significantly reduced the duration of seizures induced by the three convulsant agents. The extract protected 20% of animals against death in seizures induced by TSC and STN. These results suggest a peripheral and central analgesic activities as well as an anticonvulsant effect of the leaves of Kalanchoe crenata.

Analgesics↗
PubMed2000

Protective effects of Orostachys japonicus A. Berger (Crassulaceae) on H2O2-induced apoptosis in GT1-1 mouse hypothalamic neuronal cell line.

Oxidative stress is a major cause of neurodegenerative diseases, so the protection of neuronal cells from reactive oxygen species can be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of these diseases. Methanol extract of Orostachys japonicus A. Berger (Crassulaceae), a traditional oriental medical herb, was shown to have a protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis in GT1-1 mouse hypothalamic neuronal cell line which was detected by flow cytometry after propidium iodide staining. Among fractions of O. japonicus, chloroform fraction had the highest protective effect, and water fraction had no protective effect suggesting that the active ingredients might be hydrophobic compounds.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Crassulaceae) leaf aqueous extract.

In order to scientifically appraise some of the ethnomedical uses of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves, the present study was undertaken to investigate the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties of the plant's leaf aqueous extract in experimental animal models. The antinociceptive effect of the herb's leaf extract was evaluated by the 'hot-plate' and 'acetic acid' test models of pain in mice. The anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects of the plant's extract were investigated in rats, using fresh egg albumin-induced pedal (paw) oedema, and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus. Diclofenac (DIC, 100 mg/kg) and chlorpropamide (250 mg/kg) were used respectively as reference drugs for comparison. Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf aqueous extract (BPE, 25-800 mg/kg i.p.) produced significant (P<0.05-0.001) antinociceptive effects against thermally- and chemically-induced nociceptive pain stimuli in mice. The plant extract (BPE, 25-800 mg/kg p.o. or i.p.) also significantly (P<0.05-0.001) inhibited fresh egg albumin-induced acute inflammation and caused significant (P<0.05-0.001) hypoglycaemia in rats. The results of this experimental animal study suggest that Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf aqueous extract possesses antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycaemic properties. The different flavonoids, polyphenols, triterpenoids and other chemical constituents of the herb are speculated to account for the observed antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties of the plant.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMed2004

Antioxidant properties of some medicinal plants: Prangos ferulacea (Apiaceae), Sedum sempervivoides (Crassulaceae), Malva neglecta (Malvaceae), Cruciata taurica (Rubiaceae), Rosa pimpinellifolia (Rosaceae), Galium verum subsp. verum (Rubiaceae), Urtica dioica (Urticaceae).

Antioxidant and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, reducing powers and the amount of total phenolic compounds of aqueous and/or methanolic extracts of some medicinal plants used in Eastern Turkey were studied. These plants are Prangos ferulacea (CASIR), Sedum sempervivoides (HOROZ LELESI), Malva neglecta (EBEMGUMECI), Cruciata taurica (SARILIK OTU), Rosa pimpinellifolia (KOYUN GOZU), Galium verum subsp. verum (MADAVUR OTU), Urtica dioica (ISIRGAN). The highest peroxidation inhibitions were shown by aqueous extracts of C. taurica and R. pimpinellifolia (IC(50): 0.00022 mg/l and IC(50): 23 mg/l, respectively). However, the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power and the amount of phenolic compounds were shown by R. pimpinellifolia. The lowest antioxidant properties were shown by aqueous extract of M. neglecta.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed2004

Analgesic properties of the aqueous and ethanol extracts of the leaves of Kalanchoe crenata (Crassulaceae).

The aqueous and ethanol extracts of the dry leaves of Kalanchoe crenata (300 and 600 mg/kg) were evaluated for their analgesic properties on the pain induced by acetic acid, formalin and heat in mice and by pressure on rats. The ethanol extract of K. crenata at a dose of 600 mg/kg produced an inhibition of 61.13% on pain induced by acetic acid and 50.13% for that induced by formalin. An inhibition of 67.18% was observed on pain induced by heat 45 min after the administration of the extract. The aqueous extract administered at a dose of 600 mg/kg produced a maximum effect of 25% on pain induced by pressure. These activities were similar to those produced by a paracetamol-codeine association, while indomethacin exhibited a protective effect only against the writhing test. Our results suggest that the leaves of K. crenata could be a source of analgesic compounds.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMed2005

Bioactive compounds from Rhodiola rosea (Crassulaceae).

The methanol extract of the underground part of Rhodiola rosea was found to show inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of a 95% ethanol extract from the stems of R. rosea led to the isolation of five compounds: gossypetin-7-O-L-rhamnopyranoside (1), rhodioflavonoside (2), gallic acid (3), trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid (4) and p-tyrosol (5). Their structures were elucidated by UV, IR, MS and NMR data, as well as by comparison with those of the literature. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for their antibacterial and antiprostate cancer cell activities. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited activity against Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 50 microg/mL and 100 microg/mL, respectively. Cytotoxicity studies of 1 and 2 also displayed activity against the prostate cancer cell line with IC(50) values of 50 microg/mL and 80 microg/mL, respectively.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2003

Effect of extracts from Rhodiola rosea and Rhodiola crenulata (Crassulaceae) roots on ATP content in mitochondria of skeletal muscles.

We studied the effects of oral treatment with extracts from Rhodiola rosea (50 mg/kg) and Rhodiola crenulata (50 mg/kg) roots on the duration of exhaustive swimming and ATP content in mitochondria of skeletal muscles in rats. Treatment with R. rosea extract significantly (by 24.6%) prolonged the duration of exhaustive swimming in comparison with control rats and rats treated with R. crenullata. R. rosea extract activated the synthesis or resynthesis of ATP in mitochondria and stimulated reparative energy processes after intense exercise. Experiments proved different pharmacological characteristics of R. rosea and R. crenulata: R. rosea is most effective for improving physical working capacity.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1996

Bioactive constituents of Chinese natural medicines. II. Rhodiolae radix. (1). Chemical structures and antiallergic activity of rhodiocyanosides A and B from the underground part of Rhodiola quadrifida (Pall.) Fisch. et Mey. (Crassulaceae).

Two bioactive cyanoglycosides, rhodiocyanosides A and B, and two oligoglycosides, rhodioflavonoside [gossypetin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside] and rhodiooctanoside [octyl alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl(1-->6) beta- D-glucopyranoside), were isolated from the Chinese natural medicine "Si Lie Hong Jing Tian" (Shiretsukoukeiten in Japanese), the underground part of Rhodiola quadrifida (Pall.) Fisch. et Mey., together with four known compounds: rhodioloside, n-hexyl beta-D-glucopyranoside, gossypetin 7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, and tricetin. The chemical structures of new glycosides were determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. Rhodiocyanosides A and B exhibited inhibitory activity on the histamine release from rat peritoneal exudate cells sensitized with anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl IgE. Additionally, rhodiocyanoside A, the major constituent of this natural medicine, was also found to show antiallergic activity in a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test in rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Bioactive constituents of Chinese natural medicines. IV. Rhodiolae radix. (2).: On the histamine release inhibitors from the underground part of Rhodiola sacra (Prain ex Hamet) S. H. Fu (Crassulaceae): chemical structures of rhodiocyanoside D and sacranosides A and B.

The methanolic extract of the underground part of Rhodiola sacra (PRAIN ex HAMET) S. H. Fu was found to show inhibitory activity on the histamine release from rat peritoneal exudate cells induced by an antigen-antibody reaction. From the methanolic extract with the inhibitory activity on histamine release, a new cyanoglycoside called rhodiocyanoside D and two new monoterpene glycosides called sacranosides A and B were isolated, together with eight known compounds, rhodiocyanoside A, heterodendrin, lotaustralin, rhodioloside, 2-phenylethyl alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-yl beta-D-glucopyranoside, kenposide A, and rhodiooctanoside. The structures of new compounds were determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence, which included the synthesis of sacranoside A from (-)-myrtenol. All major chemical constituents from R. sacra inhibited the histamine release and, among them, lotaustralin and rhodiooctanoside were found to show potent inhibitory activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Chromosomes of villadia and altamiranoa (crassulaceae).

Villadia, ranging from Texas to Peru with some 25 species, has a rather distinctive thyrsoid to spicate inflorescence, and we keep it as a genus separate from Sedum. Twenty species show every gametic chromosome number from 9 to 17 and also 20-22 and higher. Chromosome pairing in hybrids shows that the species differ by many translocations and that species with 21 or lower are effectively diploid. More specialized species tend to have fewer and larger chromosomes, suggesting that through time translocations have rearranged the ancestral genome into fewer units. We suspect that relocated genes may be programmed differently, affecting phenotype. Thus Villadia is like Echeveria in having a remarkably long descending series of evidently diploid chromosome numbers. Altamiranoa, often included in Villadia, with about 15 species from Mexico south, more closely resembles Sedum in its broadly cymose inflorescence. It appears polyphyletic, with no clear boundary from Sedum, and we disperse its species in Sedum. The ten species studied have gametic numbers from 20 to 29 that probably are effectively diploid, with a few higher and probably polyploid. Again, chromosome pairing in hybrids shows that the species differ by many translocations. Putative relatives in Sedum section Leptosedum have n = 26 to 31. Thus cytologically as well as morphologically Altamiranoa has remained more similar than Villadia to its Sedum relatives.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

What data determine whether a plant taxon is distinct enough to merit legal protection? A case study of Sedum integrifolium (Crassulaceae).

Measures of molecular and morphological genetic variation are often used to set conservation priorities and design management strategies for plant taxa. Evaluated together they can give insights into a taxon's evolutionary status that neither data type alone can achieve. We investigated the distinctness and variability of Sedum integrifolium ssp. leedyi, a federally and state-listed taxon, from its conspecific relatives using 33 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers (253 plants) and 37 morphological characters from 1308 common-garden-grown plants. We included S. integrifolium ssp. leedyi (four populations), its conspecific relatives (11 populations), and S. rosea and S. rhodanthum populations in our study. The morphological and molecular data correspond in showing that S. integrifolium ssp. leedyi populations are highly distinct. However, the data sets differ in their estimates of the relatedness of some S. integrifolium ssp. leedyi populations and in the percentage variation detected due to differences among them (25 and 9-13% for the molecular and morphological data, respectively) suggesting little gene flow among populations and some differentiation, possibly from selective pressures. Given our data, we recommend that S. integrifolium ssp. leedyi merits protection under the U.S. Endangered Species Act and that its populations be managed as distinct units.

Journal Article↗