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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Production of a new form of fine-fiber cotton with improved fiber quality under the influence of a chemical mutagen].

A new form of cotton Mutant-1 was studied which is gymnospermous and is notable for an accelerated opening of bolls. This new form resulted from the effect of chemical mutagene HII-83 on hybrid population 5012 F4 from crossing the varieties2II3 X 5476II. The mutant differs essentially from the starting hybrid and all the more from the starting parental varieties in high productivity and quality of fibre and in certain quantitative and qualitative indexes.

Crosses, Genetic↗
PubMed2025

Genetic basis and role of exotic accessions in cultivated cotton fiber quality improvement.

Exotic Gossypium accessions still harbor QTL&#x2011;validated alleles that, combined with CRISPR pyramiding and genomic selection, can break the entrenched fiber length-strength trade&#x2011;off. Cotton's four independent domestications twice in diploids and twice in allotetraploids offer a natural experiment in fiber improvement. Synthesizing three decades of data, we chart how polyploidy, selection and modern breeding have repeatedly reshaped the Gossypium genome. More than 15,000 quantitative trait locus (QTL) and genome wide association mapping studies (GWAS) hits converge on a handful of chromosomal "hotspots"; new MAGIC, NAM, NIL and long-read resources now narrow these peaks to&#x2009;<&#x2009;200&#xa0;kb, resolving causal genes such as GhHOX3, GhZF14 and GhMYB7. Multi-omics evidence links auxin, ethylene, gibberellin, brassinosteroid and strigolactone signaling to HDZIP IV, MYB, bHLH/HLH and ERF networks that drive fiber initiation, extreme cell elongation and cellulose deposition. Population genomics shows that&#x2009;~&#x2009;40% of favorable fiber alleles are fixed in elite Gossypium hirsutum, yet wild diploids and landraces still harbor variants that could break the length strength trade-off. We propose a three-step roadmap genomic selection, CRISPR gene pyramiding and accelerated introgression to expand cotton's genetic base and deliver fibers suited to sustainable textile demands.

Gossypium↗
PubMed1977

Biosynthesis of lipid-linked oligosaccharides in cotton fibers. Stimulation by lipids from pig liver.

An acidic lipid fraction isolated from pig liver (Forsee, W. T. & Elbein, A.D. (1976) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73, 2574-2578) stimulated the incorporation of mannose from GDP-[14C]mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharides using a particulate enzyme fraction from maturing cotton bolls. This lipid fraction did not stimulate mannose incorporation into the mannosylphosphorylpolyprenol. The 14C-oligosaccharides, formed in the presence or absence of the pig liver "acceptor" lipid, were released from the lipid-linked oligosaccharides by mild acid hydrolysis and were isolated by paper chromatography. Both sets of 14C-oligosaccharides had similar mobilities suggesting that they were qualitatively similar, except that those formed in the presence of "acceptor" lipid had much more radioactivity. The individual oligosaccharides were purified on a calibrated column of Sephadex G-25 and were then subjected to various treatments to obtain information about their structures. The molecular weights of the larger oligosaccharides ranged from about L1210 to 1720 indicating they probably contained from 6 to 10 sugar residues. Strong acid hydrolysis of the oligosaccharide with a molecular weight of 1350, followed by reduction with NaB3H4, gave a ratio of [3H]hexitol to [3H]hexosaminitol that was compatible with the molecular weight (about 5:2). However, the hexitol fraction contained small amounts of [3H]glucitol in addition to [3H]mannitol. Thus, this oligosaccharide may contain small amounts of glucose in addition to mannose and GlcNAc. When the smaller oligosaccharides (i.e. those having 5 or 6 sugars) were treated with alpha-mannosidase, essentially of all the 14C was released as mannose, but only 30 to 50% of the radioactivity could be released from the larger oligosaccharides by this enzyme. Acetolysis of the oligosaccharide with a molecular weight of 1720 released the radioactivity as mannobiose and mannotriose suggesting that these oligosaccharides contain di- and trisaccharide branches linked to the main chain in 1 leads to 6 linkages.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Selection of GhTT2-A07 promoter enhances fiber quality in improved cotton varieties.

Modern cultivated cotton fibers are predominantly white with enhanced quality compared to their wild ancestors. However, the molecular mechanisms and evolutionary drivers linking fiber color to quality remain least focused. In this study, we identified FQC1 (Fiber Quality and Color 1), a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome A07 that concurrently regulates both fiber quality and pigmentation. Through map-based cloning, we revealed that Gossypium hirsutum TRANSPARENT TESTA2-A07 (GhTT2-A07), an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, resides within this locus. GhTT2-A07 modulates fiber development by directly activating genes in the general phenylpropanoid pathway, thereby promoting the metabolic flux toward downstream secondary metabolites. Variations in the GhTT2-A07 promoter led to its reduced expression in modern white cotton cultivars. This down-regulation suppresses the accumulation of S/G/H-type lignin monomers and proanthocyanidins, resulting in altered secondary cell wall composition and ultimately enhancing the quality of mature white fibers. Population genetic analyses further indicate that the white-fiber allele GhTT2-A07W has been fixed in modern breeding genotypes, underscoring the impact of artificial selection during cotton domestication. Overall, our study elucidates the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying fiber quality and pigmentation in cotton, clarifies the selection criteria for high-quality white fibers in modern cultivars, and provides a theoretical basis for future targeted genetic improvement of cotton fibers.

Alleles↗
PubMed1979

Correlation between the physical properties of dietary fibers and their protective activity against amaranth toxicity in rats.

The mechanism(s) by which dietary fiber (DF) exerts beneficial effects on the growth of weanling rats fed toxic doses of amaranth (Food & C Red No. 2) was investigated. When crude DF (GDF) prepared from the roots of edible burdock (Arctium lappa L.) were added at graded levels to a purified basal diet supplemented with amaranth (control), growth was improved with increaseing GDF level up to and above that of the basal diet-fed group. The correlation equation obtained between the dietary percentage level of GDF (X) and the protective activity (Y) expressed as (difference in body weight gains between rats fed test and control diets) X 100/(difference in body weight gains between rats fed basal and control diets) was Y = 32.6 + 86.9 logX (r = 0.98). The comparative activities at the 5% level of various DF prepared from GDF decreased in the order of holocellulose, neutral-detergent fiber, GDF, crude fiber and acid-detergent fiber. Cellulose from cotton fiber had no activity. The activity was intimately related to their water-holding capacity (WHC) and settling volume in water (SV) (f = 0.90 and 0.96, respectively), but not to the capacity to bind amaranth. The correlation showed a saturation phenomenon quite similar to the equation described above in respect of GDF level. At the 10% level, even cellulose which has a low SV, showed protective activity similar to that of 3% GDF. From these and other results, it was concluded that the protective activity of various DF mainly depends on their physical properties such as SV or WHC.

Amaranth Dye↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Spin label study of the structure and conformational properties of fibers from cotton grown from gamma-irradiated seeds].

According to ESR spectra of the radical - probe I it has been shown that there are two regions in cotton cellulose: ordered and disordered ones, pointing to inhibition and free rotation of the radical. 40 spin-labeled samples of cotton filaments and their mutants by the radicals II-IX chemically bound by the cellulose hydroxyl group were obtained. From ESR spectra strong inhibition of iminoxyl radical was established which was the evidenced of high rigidity of disordered regions of cellulose. Conformational changes of cotton cellulose grown from seeds exposed to different doses of gamma-irradiation.

Cellulose↗
PubMed1975

Biosynthesis and structure of glycosyl diglycerides, steryl glucosides, and acylated steryl glucosides.

A particulate enzyme fraction from Mycobacterim smegmatis catalyzed the transfer of -14C-glucose from the UDP--14C-glucose into neutral glycolipids. The two major radioactive components were purified by column chromatography on O-diethylamino ethyl cellulose (acetate) and thin layer chromatography on silica gel in several solvents. The first product yielded a water-soluble component upon saponification, which had a hexoseglycerol ratio of 1:1 with all of the hexose being identified as glucose. The second product yielded a water-soluble component upon saponification which contained hexose and glycerol in a 2:1 ratio and, in addition to glucose, contained lesser amounts of mannose and galactose. Palmitate and oleate were the predominant fatty acids and were present in equimolar amounts. The products thus have been identified as monoglycosyldiglyceride and diglycosyldiglyceride. The diglycosyldiglyceride could also be labeled with -14C-galactose when UDP--14C-galactose served as the donor, but the monoglycosyldiglyceride was only slightly labeled with -14C-galactose. Membrane fractions from mung bean seedlings catalyzed the transfer of -14C-glucose from UDP--14C-glucose into a neutral glycolipid which has been purified by thin layer chromatography and analyzed by combined gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. It was determined to be a steryl glucoside with the two major sterol components being betasitosterol and stigmasterol linked to beta-D-glucose. Particulate fractions from developing cotton fibers also catalyzed the formation of steryl glucosides and, in addition, they catalyzed the esterification of steryl glucosides at the 6 position of glucose with fatty acids (primarily palmitate and oleate) from an andogenous acyl donor. Both the glucosyl transferase and the acyltransferase have been solubilized with Triton X-100 and partially purified by chromatography on Sephadex G-200. The acyltransferase activity was reconstituted by the addition of the steryl glucoside and a phospholipid acyl donor.

Acyltransferases↗
PubMed1975

A direct technique for fabrication of posts and cores.

A barbed broach covered by cotton fibers is used as a matrix to carry blue inlay wax into the canal prepared for a post. This simple, direct technique of post fabrication lends itself to various clinical situations. The technique requires no special armamentarium.

Crowns↗
PubMed1979

Cotton dust sampling efficiency of the vertical elutriator.

A theoretical model of the vertical elutriator air sampler based upon the phenomenon of flow separation at the inlet was developed at SRRC. The model's equations were simulated by a computer program (VELUT). The model was calibrated by comparison of available experimental results to isokinetic sampling efficiencies calculated by the model. The calibrated model was used to predict integral efficiencies for a systematic assortment of size distributions of cotton dust. Rather than cutting off cleanly at 15 micrometers, the computer model exhibited a 50% differential efficiency at approximately 20 micrometers. Furthermore, the model predicted substantial non-zero collection efficiencies in the aerodynamic size range of individual cotton fibers. Program VELUT represents an objective method whereby the isokinetic sampling efficiency of the vertical elutriator can be explicitly calculated for any known or postulated ambient dust distribution presented to the sampler at its inlet plane.

Dust↗
PubMed1977

Foreign body-type reaction following crown cementation.

1. Hazards of the indirect impression techniques for crown fabrication are discussed. 2. A foreign body reaction caused by retained cotton fibers is substantiated. 3. Since the gingival retraction cord is a possible and likely source, placing the cord and choice of instruments is important.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Glycoprotein biosynthesis in plants. Demonstration of lipid-linked oligosaccharides of mannose and N-acetylglucosamine.

Previous studies from this laboratory have shown that particulate preparations from maturing cotton fibers catalyze the transfer of mannose from GDP-[14C]mannose into mannosylphosphorylpolyisoprenol (Forsee, W. T., and Elbein,A. D. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 2858-2867). In this report, we show that these particulate preparations also catalyze the inocoporation of mannose from GDP-[14C]mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharides and into glycoprotein. The oligosaccharide-lipids were treated with dilute acid to liberate the water-soluble oligosaccharides and these oligosaccharides could then be separated into seven or eight distinct radioactive peaks by paper chromatography in isobutyric acid/NH4OH/H2betaO (57/4/39). The smallest of the oligosaccharides appears to be a trisaccharide with the structure Man leads to GlcNAc-GlcNAc. Thus the oligosaccharides attached to the lipids apparently range in size from those having 3 glycose units to those having approximately 8 to 10 glycose units. The radioactivity in the smaller-sized oligosaccharide-lipids could be chased into the larger oligosaccharide-lipids by a second incubation in the presence of unlabeled GDP-mannose. The sugar at the reducing ends of the oligosaccharides was identified as GlcNAc while some mannose (20 to 30%) was present in alpha linkages at the nonreducing ends...

Acetylglucosamine↗
PubMed1978

Evaluation of the JET technique for extracting drugs from urine.

A rapid extraction method preliminary to analysis for drugs in urine is described. Extraction columns containing purified cotton fiber (JETUBE, Manhattan Instrument Co., Santa Monica, Calif.) are shown to give high (approximately 90-97%) extraction efficiencies for some commonly prescribed or abused drugs, notably phenobarbital, amphetamine, morphine, and methadone. Analysis time, extraction efficiency, convenience, and eluate purity with a modified JET procedure are shown to be superior to results obtained with XAD-2 resin columns.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1977

Tunicamycin inhibits GlcNAc-lipid formation in plants.

Previous studies from this laboratory (Forsee, W. T., and Elbein, A. D. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 9283-9293; Forsee, W. T., Valkovich, G., and Elbein, A. D. (1976) Arch Biochem. Biophys. 174, 469-479) have shown that particulate extracts from cotton fibers and mung been seedlings catalyze the transfer of mannose from GDP-[14C]mannose and GlcNAc from UDP-[3H]GlcNAc into lipid-linked saccharides, Concentrations of tunicamycin of 5 microgram/ml or higher inhibit the incorporation of GlcNAc into GlcNAc-pyrophosphoryl-polyprenol but this antibiotic, even at 500 microgram/ml, had no effect on the synthesis of mannosyl-phosphoryldolichol. Tunicamycin also caused a slight inhibition in the incorporation of mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharides. The concentration of tunicamycin necessary for inhibition was dependent on the amount of particulate enzyme in the incubations.

Acetylglucosamine↗
PubMed1979

Wood fiber contamination of reusable cotton laparotomy pads.

If the thesis that disposable fabrics are responsible for granulomatous peritonitis is correct, surgeons who operate within the abdominal cavity and use these products would be reporting instances of granulomatous peritonitis in epidemic proportions. Such is not so. Consequently, there can be valid concern expressed as to implied medicolegal problems. While the observations and conclusions were made in obvious good faith, nevertheless, there appears to be sufficient grounds for questioning this apparent cause and effect conclusion and for focusing interest on a more important consideration, the indiscriminate collection, sorting and laundering of the reusable cotton laparotomy pad. Certainly, attention should be directed to the more rigidly controlled use and disposition of these pads by the individual hospital.

Equipment and Supplies, Hospital↗
PubMed2026

Expression of cotton GhMYB109 complements non-hair cell fate in the root epidermis of the Arabidopsis thaliana werewolf mutant.

Root cell fate and patterning in plants are orchestrated by the expression of cell-type-specific genes, including WEREWOLF (WER). Phylogenetic analysis of WER, functional WER homologs in Type III species (Rhodiola rosea and Boehmeria nivea), and related R2R3 MYB proteins identified in the cotton genome revealed that GhMYB109-a known regulator of fiber development in cotton ovules-clustered in a clade with Arabidopsis thaliana WER. To determine whether GhMYB109 is a functional homolog of WER, we expressed GhMYB109 under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter in the Arabidopsis thaliana wer-1 mutant and analyzed root epidermal cell patterning by counting root hairs. GhMYB109 expression significantly decreased the percentage of root hairs at both H and N positions. We found that most epidermal cells in the cotton root develop into root hairs (Type I pattern) although the cotton genome contains a functional WER homolog, GhMYB109. Additionally, GhMYB109 has been reported not to be expressed in cotton roots. These support the idea that GhMYB109 is a functional homolog of WER and that Arabidopsis thaliana and cotton diverged in root epidermal morphology through modifications in cis-regulatory elements rather than a functional divergence of their WER-like R2R3 MYB transcription factors.

Arabidopsis thaliana↗