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Results for “Costal Cartilage”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

The effect of prolonged prednisone treatment on human costal cartilage.

Costal cartilage (biopsy) from a 13-year-old boy receiving prolonged prednisone treatment (discontinuously from 2 6/12 to 13 11/12 years) for hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy has been studied and compared with costal cartilage from untreated individuals. Optical and electron microscopic studies including histochemistry have been employed. Chondrocyte degeneration characterized by lipidic material and glycogen in cells is enhanced following prednisone treatment. Acid proteoglycans are reduced in comparison to those in the untreated controls. Amianthoid (asbestoid) collagen fibers, derived from electron-dense bodies which represent remnants of degenerating chondrocytes, occur in all cartilages. A type of collagen similar to fibrous long-spacing collagen has been observed and is prominent in cartilage from the prednisone-treated individual. Evidence suggests that this type of collagen is cellular in origin and represents a transitional form of native collagen. Morphologic changes suggestive of aging are present following prolonged prednisone treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Auricular cartilage versus costal cartilage as a grafting material in experimental laryngotracheal reconstruction.

Auricular cartilage has been used clinically as an alternative material to costal cartilage for implantation during laryngotracheal reconstructive surgery. Little information is available concerning the healing characteristics or the durability of these two types of graft. The authors of this study examined the rate of epithelialization and the survival of cartilage in a rabbit model of anterior tracheal wall reconstruction and directly compared auricular and costal cartilage grafts. Auricular cartilage was found to epithelialize faster than costal cartilage. Both types of graft survived well after implantation. The superior healing characteristics of auricular cartilage make it a desirable material for laryngotracheal reconstruction.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Origin-associated features of chondrocytes in mouse Meckel's cartilage and costal cartilage: an in vitro study.

Using a cell culture method, we histochemically and immunohistochemically investigated whether chondrocytes deriving from different origins, such as Meckel's or costal cartilages, express similar phenotypic characteristics. Chondrocytes isolated enzymatically from Meckel's and costal cartilages of 17-day embryonic mice both actively proliferated and formed cartilage nodules consisting of toluidine blue-positive proteoglycans and type II collagen. Both deposited calcified cartilaginous matrix as revealed by alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity and alizarin red staining throughout 3 weeks in culture. Immunostaining for osteopontin (OP), osteocalcin (OC), and osteonectin (ON) revealed that chondrocytes from both cartilages were positive for their proteins, but type I collagen was detected only in cells transforming from Meckel's chondrocytes late in the culture. Electron microscopy demonstrated that although costal and Meckel's chondrocytes had typical chondrocytic features during 2 weeks in culture, Meckel's chondrocytes transformed into osteocytic cells that produced thick, banded type I collagen fibrils. In contrast, costal chondrocytes maintained typical hypertrophic morphology throughout the final stage of culture. The present study suggests that Meckel's chondrocytes derived from neural crest-ectomesenchyme retain osteogenic potential, and differ from costal chondrocytes originating from mesoderm.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2003

Articular cartilage restoration with costal cartilage previously fused with bone.

A novel procedure was developed for restoration of an articular cartilage defect using an autologous costal cartilage prepared with iliac bone, and the durability in vivo of this biologic construct was examined. First, an osteochondral complex was prepared (successful preparation, 67 of 80). Cancellous bone blocks isolated from the ilium of male Japanese White rabbits aged 5 months were implanted onto the surface of the costal cartilage before being tied by a pair of 3-0 silk thread sutures that were looped around the costal cartilage from behind. Second, 3 months later, the bone-attached costal cartilage was harvested and implanted into a full-thickness cartilage defect induced in a trochlear groove of the femur. All of the grafts were fixed to the recipient, maintaining its cartilage structure until 6 months (n = 28) and 12 months (n = 12) after implantation. However, when the costal cartilage without any bony portion was implanted into a similarly induced defect, 42% (10 of 24) were detached from the recipient before 12 months after implantation. The nontreated defect did not heal spontaneously to a satisfactory level (n = 12). These findings suggest that an osteochondral fragment, prepared by grafting cancellous bone onto costal cartilage, can be used for articular cartilage restoration.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Stereological studies on the epiphyseal growth cartilage and characterization of costal cartilage proteoglycans in the achondroplastic (cn/cn) mouse.

The achondroplastic mouse is a dwarf mouse in which the endochondral growth of the skeleton is disturbed. The main morphological characteristic of the affected growth cartilage is an underdeveloped hypertrophic zone. The pattern of matrix mineralization seems to be unaffected, even in areas where hypertrophic chondrocytes are completely absent. The present stereological results indicate a disturbance of the cn/cn cartilage already in the proliferative zone. At the electron microscopical level a clearly abnormal spatial distribution of matrix vesicles was observed in the affected growth cartilage. The vesicle concentration of the cn/cn cartilage was increased, but the mineralizing cartilage showed a decrease of vesicles similar to that in the normal tissue. Parallel biochemical characterization of the proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans of the cn/cn costal cartilage revealed normal conditions, also in the growth region, which was sampled as a separate tissue fraction. Thus the biochemical results provide no evidence of disturbed glycosaminoglycan metabolism.

Achondroplasia↗
PubMed1992

Influence of the mode of preparation on the long-term efficacy of homologous costal cartilage implants.

Devitalized homologous costal cartilage is widely employed as an implant in the management of the saddle nose. The tissue response induced by the implant is a combination of enveloping fibrosis and implant resorption, which will probably, ultimately, be complete. We have studied the balance between resorption and fibrosis, following different modes of cartilage preparation, in the mouse. Homologous costal cartilage was devitalized by four common methods--irradiation, formalin, glutaraldehyde and alcohol. Segments of this cartilage were inserted at separate sites in the subcutaneous plain of the tail. These implants were harvested after one year for histology. Variations in the mode of cartilage devitalization, while inducing variations in the degree of the tissue response, did not influence the balance between fibrosis and resorption. Thus the long term maintenance of tissue bulk following homologous cartilage implantation is not influenced by the mode of preparation. Evidence suggests that the ultimate cosmetic results of autologous and homologous costal cartilage implantation would be much the same, and the use of homologous cartilage must be justified on other grounds.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Sexual dimorphic patterns of ossificated costal cartilages in humans].

Ossification of costal cartilages is one of many changes reflecting their ageing. It is found only in a limited percentage of population and used to begin at various ages. Shape of these ossification changes is different in men and women. Due to heterogeneity of data in literature and scarce amount of information, we decided to evaluate the occurrence of costal cartilage ossifications in a sample of Czech population. Use of roentgenograms of ossification focuses was based on their contrast in x-rays. We have studied altogether 1044 X-rays archived by Department of Radiology at the Teaching Hospital in Hradec Kráov'e. This set comprised roentgenograms of both men and women in age range from 10 to 95 years. Ossification changes of costal cartilages were described on 18 roentgenograms from dissection material as well. These rtg pictures were taken from chest plates and costal cartilages which were obtained from Department of Anatomy and Department of Forensic Medicine at Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové. In this sample of Czech population we confirmed an occurrence of sexual dimorphism of ossified costal cartilages. Statistical evaluation revealed that beginning of these changes depends on the age and sex.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Osteogenic activity of growth cartilage examined by implanting decalcified or devitalized ribs and costal cartilage zone, and living growth cartilage cells.

The formation of cartilage prior to bone in an endochondral bone formation process suggests that some osteogenic factors exist in the cartilage. This osteogenic activity of cartilage or cartilage cells was examined by implanting ribs and costal cartilage zone into a subcutaneous pocket of abdominal wall, or the growth cartilage (GC) cells into a peritoneal cavity. Rib segments of young (four-week-old) rabbits and rats were decalcified (DCed) in 0.6 N HCl for 24 h at 4 degrees C, or devitalized (DVed) by freezing/thawing and submerged in water for 48 h at 4 degrees C. These specimens were implanted into the subcutaneous pocket of abdominal wall of eight-week-old rabbits and rats. Both the DCed ribs and the DVed ones formed bone at costal GC zone after four to six weeks. Costal cartilage zone of young rabbits and rats was DCed or DVed as stated above, and implanted into the subcutaneous pocket of abdominal wall of eight-week-old rabbits and rats. The DVed costal cartilage zone specimens formed bone after three to four weeks, but the DCed ones did not, even after eight weeks. GC cells were dissociated enzymatically from rat costal GC zone, centrifuged to be made into pellets (5 x 10(5) cells/pellet), and implanted into the peritoneal cavity of eight-week-old syngeneic rats. After four weeks, implanted GC cells formed bone. These results suggest that there are some osteogenic factors in the GC zone produced by GC cells, whose activity is lost by decalcification, and which are different from known BMPs.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed2006

Age and gender related changes in biomechanical properties of healthy human costal cartilage.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: For repairing the ear malformation, it is recommended in China to use the over than 10-years-old rib cartilage. However, according to our clinical experience, a better post-operation effect can be found using about the 7-years-old cartilage for the operation. To shape a harvested costal cartilage and to perform it on the transplant site depend on the mechanical properties of the costal cartilage. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the age and gender-related biomechanical properties of the human costal cartilage. METHODS: Human costal cartilages were harvested from 25 female and 45 male donors of 5-25 years old after auricular reconstructive surgery. The specimens were divided into six groups: children (5-10 years), adolescent (11-17 years) and adult (18-25 years), respectively, in males and females. Tensile strength, stress-strain relationship, stress relaxation and creep were tested by using a material testing machine. FINDINGS: The biomechanical properties of costal cartilage are donor age and gender related. The children group has the highest tensile strengths (P<0.01) in both male and female groups. The male group relaxed and crept more than that of the female group in all three age groups (P<0.01). INTERPRETATION: These findings provide a further support for the potential age acting on the human costal cartilage. The adolescent has the lowest strength, this could be a reason that compared to using the children costal cartilage, the bigger distortion happened after using the adolescent costal cartilage in the auricular reconstruction operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Influence of the mode of preparation on the distortion and consistency of homologous costal cartilage implants.

Nasal implants of autologous costal cartilage have an undesirable tendency to distortion. This tendency may be reduced by the process of devitalization, which occurs in the preparation of homologous costal cartilage for storage in a tissue bank. An in vitro study has been undertaken, utilizing five common methods of cartilage preparation (cialit, ethyl alcohol, formalin, glutaraldehyde and irradiation) to determine whether there is any significant variation in the degree of distortion which occurred and any variation in cartilage consistency. We conclude that all of the methods evaluated would produce banked homologous costal cartilage with an equally low incidence of distortion but implants are less readily carved from cartilage stored in cialit.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1995

Sonography of the costal cartilage: normal anatomy and preliminary clinical application.

Costal cartilages of 10 controls and 12 patients with Tietze's syndrome (n = 6), deformed (exaggerated bowing) cartilage (n = 4), focal enlargement (n = 1), and cancer-invaded cartilage (n = 1) were examined with ultrasonography. In controls, ultrasonography detected 237 of 240 costal cartilages (98.8%) and 58 of 105 intercartilage connections (55%) with three variations. Correlation with CT was available in 7 patients (1 Tietze's syndrome, 4 deformities, 1 cartilage enlargement, and 1 cancer) among 8 patients whose CT results were known to the sonographer. Sonography showed normal (n = 4) or marginally blurred (n = 2) cartilages in 6 Tietze's syndromes. Ultrasonography is a promising technique in the examination of costal cartilages.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

A new method of costal cartilage harvest for total auricular reconstruction: part I. Avoidance and prevention of intraoperative and postoperative complications and problems.

BACKGROUND: The occurrence of chest wall deformity is not dependent on the amount of costal cartilage harvested but results from the method of costal cartilage harvest. Therefore, the authors developed a new method of costal cartilage harvest where the perichondrium is left completely intact at the donor site and the remaining costal cartilage after fabrication of the three-dimensional costal cartilage framework is returned to the perichondrial pocket to fill the dead space formed. By leaving the perichondrium completely intact, the most ideal environmental condition for regeneration of cartilage is attained. METHODS: The costal cartilages are harvested en bloc with the perichondrium left completely intact at the donor site. After fabrication of the three-dimensional frame, the remaining costal cartilage is cut into small blocks that act as spacers to fill the dead space formed in the perichondrial pocket. RESULTS: The findings of the authors' study involving over 270 cases performed with the new method of costal cartilage harvest revealed that there were absolutely no postoperative chest wall deformities identified, and there was a significant decrease in intraoperative complications. CONCLUSION: The authors' study revealed that the new method of costal cartilage harvest plays an important role in the regeneration of cartilage and in the prevention and avoidance of postoperative chest wall deformity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Pathohistology of costal cartilage and immunomorphologic characteristics of collagen in funnel chest].

Biopsy samples from the costal cartilage tissue were studied for 68 children with funnel deformity and from 20 children with normally formed chest. The authors present general morphologic features characteristic of the costal cartilage structure in norm and in case of funnel chest. These features include vast acellular sites, map-like areas, unmasked chondrin fibers and "marrow" cavities. In funnel chest they develop, however, 6-7 years earlier, than normally, and are consequent stages of the accelerated costal cartilage involution. Costal cartilage matrix was found to have an increased content of fibronectin and V collagen type in case of funnel chest. Besides III and IV procollagen types were noted in the chondrocytes. The accelerated growth of costal cartilages is involved in the formation of funnel chest.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

A surgical treatment of severe late posttraumatic enophthalmos using sliced costal cartilage chip grafts.

The efficacy of sliced costal cartilage chip grafts for the treatment of late posttraumatic enophthalmos was investigated. Surgery was conducted based on the method reported by Matsuo et al. in 1989. After making an incision in the lower eyelid, dissecting the subperiosteum of the medial orbital wall, orbital floor and lateral orbital wall was performed to the posterior of the orbit, and then costal cartilage chips were gradually grafted in a step-like configuration to the subperiosteum from a location posterior to the equatorial plane of the eyeball. At this time, as well as to the area of concave depression in the orbital bone caused by the fracture, grafts were made to the subperiosteum of the non-deformed medial and lateral orbital wall, to move all of the orbital tissue, including the eyeball, forward. This was performed for five cases of severe late posttraumatic enophthalmos. Among the five cases, there were four cases of severe orbital fracture and one case for which malignant orbital tumor extirpation and radiation therapy had been performed. Following surgery, although mild enophthalmos remained in three of the five cases, esthetically satisfactory results were obtained for all cases. Costal cartilage chip grafts were shown to be an effective method for the treatment of late posttraumatic enophthalmos.

Adult↗