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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1981

Phospholipase D activity of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (Corynebacterium ovis) and Corynebacterium ulcerans, a distinctive marker within the genus Corynebacterium.

A search has been made for corynebacterial phospholipase D, "ovis toxin," a sphingomyelinase (phosphatidylcholine phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.4), among a wide variety of corynebacteria. Phospholipase D activity has been found in strains exhibiting the biochemical properties characteristic of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis or of Corynebacterium ulcerans and in no other species of Corynebacterium. Methods for the assay of phospholipase D as a sphingomyelinase and methods for screening for phospholipase D in the presence of Corynebacterium equi on washed sheep blood agar are discussed.

Corynebacterium↗
PubMed1984

Corynebacterium ulcerans and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis responses to DNA probes derived from corynephage beta and Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

Strains of Corynebacterium ulcerans and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (Corynebacterium ovis) were examined for the production of diphtheria toxin. A majority of C. ulcerans strains (25 of 37) and 1 C. pseudotuberculosis strain (1 of 14) gave a positive Elek test for diphtheria toxin, and for all strains but 1, production of diphtheria toxin was inhibited at the same level of Fe2+ as was the Corynebacterium diphtheriae control. All Elek-positive cultures as well as two Elek-negative isolates of C. ulcerans gave a positive signal when hybridized with a DNA probe unambiguous for the diphtheria toxin gene (tox) under conditions of high stringency. The majority of probe-positive C. ulcerans strains contained three or more DNA restriction fragments that hybridized with converting corynephage beta, suggesting that in C. ulcerans as in C. diphtheriae there may be a relationship between toxinogeny and carriage of beta-related phage. Selected strains of C. diphtheriae, C. ulcerans, and C. pseudotuberculosis were examined for DNA homology by a semiquantitative technique. There was very little homology between C. diphtheriae and members of the other two species. Strains of C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis, although more closely related, appeared to belong to distinct species as well.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMed1987

Transformation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Corynebacterium ulcerans, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and Escherichia coli with the C. diphtheriae plasmid pNG2.

The transfection and transformation of members of two species of pathogenic corynebacteria, Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium ulcerans, is described. Protoplasts were produced by treatment with lysozyme following growth in glycine, and a medium was defined on which a significant fraction of the osmotically sensitive cells were regenerated. Transfections were carried out with DNA from corynephage 782, a member of the beta family of converting phages, and transformations were performed with DNA of plasmid pNG2, a 9500-kDa plasmid that was isolated from an erythromycin-resistant strain of C. diphtheriae and carries the resistance gene. Strains of Corynebacterium glutamicum and Escherichia coli were also successfully transformed with pNG2 DNA. Transfection frequencies were in the range of 3-8 X 10(3) plaque-forming units/micrograms of phage DNA, and transformation frequencies were in the range of 0.2-150 colony-forming units/micrograms of plasmid DNA. Plasmid pNG2 replicated and was stably maintained in all transformants both in the presence or absence of erythromycin. Thus, it displayed the ability to replicate in strains of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria without the intervention of genetic engineering. pNG2 DNA isolated from any of the transformed strains was able to transform all parental strains. The host range of pNG2 suggests its possible utility in or as a shuttle vector for the study and manipulation of genes from corynebacterial strains of animal origin.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMed1982

Adhesion of Corynebacterium renale, Corynebacterium pilosum, and Corynebacterium cystitidis to bovine urinary bladder epithelial cells of various ages and levels of differentiation.

The adhesion of Corynebacterium renale, Corynebacterium pilosum, and Corynebacterium cystitidis to various epithelial cell layers of bovine urinary bladders was examined. Adhesion was most efficient to the urinary sediment epithelial cells and the superficial cells immediately before shedding, followed by the remaining superficial cells and intermediate cells in this order, and least efficient to the deeper intermediate and basal cells. Incubation of the intermediate cells for 6 h increased the number of bacteria that adhered to these cells.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

DNA sequence homology between attB-related sites of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Corynebacterium ulcerans, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and the attP site of gamma-corynephage.

Chromosomal restriction fragments of Corynebacterium ulcerans and C. diphtheriae, containing an integration site for corynephages of the beta family, show homology on Southern blots. Homologous DNA in also found in the soil isolate C. glutamicum, although this strain is not susceptible to beta-corynephages. Three of these DNA fragments, one for each bacterial strain, and a fragment of gamma-corynephage DNA previously shown to contain the phage integration site, were cloned and sequenced. Alignment of the 3 bacterial sequences shows a very high degree of homology in a stretch of ca 120 nucleotides, whereas the rest of the sequences is generally non-homologous. Within this common bacterial portion, a segment of ca. 96 nucleotides (core sequence) is also highly homologous to the phage sequence. The first half (ca. 50 bp) of the core sequence is identical in all aligned sequences whereas the second half, which is largely occupied by a stem-and-loop structure, contains point mutations peculiar to each clone. The described sequences are likely to be involved in phage integration/excision processes.

Attachment Sites, Microbiological↗
PubMed1985

Survival of Corynebacterium renale, Corynebacterium pilosum and Corynebacterium cystitidis in soil.

Survival of the causative agents of bovine pyelonephritis, Corynebacterium renale, C. pilosum and C. cystitidis, was examined at 30 degrees C in autoclaved soil. In the soil from a paddock, C. renale and C. cystitidis survived for 56 and 63 days, respectively, and C. pilosum for a longer period of at least 210 days. In soil from a pasture, sand from an athletic field and sea sand, the survival of these bacteria was of shorter duration.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[DNA homology study of Corynebacterium diphtheriae v. gravis groups I, II and III, Corynebacterium ulcerans and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (ovis)].

The homology of genomes within Krylova 's groups I, II and III of C. diphtheriae, including toxigenic C. diphtheriae and their nontoxigenic precursors within the same group, was confirmed by the method of DNA/DNA molecular hybridization; the homology of DNA within the groups was 89-103%, the thermostability of heteroduplexes being high (on the level of homoduplexes ). The heterogeneity of genomes within these 3 groups of cultivar gravis was confirmed, which made it possible to consider C. diphtheriae, groups I, II and III, to belong to different, though closely related species; in intergroup hybridization the homology of DNA varied, as a rule, between 66% and 73%, while the thermostability of heteroduplexes was low: delta T50 was -3 degrees C to -6 degrees C. The differences in genomes (on the level of different species) between 3 groups of C. diptheriae v. gravis on one hand and C. diphtheriae v. mitis C7 (-) tox- and its convertant C7 (beta) tox+ of phage tox+ on the other hand (DNA homology being 56-62%), as well as between C. diphtheriae v. intermedius No. 328 tox+ on one hand and the representatives of 3 groups of C. diphtheriae v. gravis and C. diphtheriae v. mitis, strain C7 (beta) tox+, on the other hand (DNA homology being 42-43%) were revealed. The heterogeneity of genomes (on the level of different genera) was revealed between C. diphtheriae strains, cultivars gravis (groups I, II and III), mitis (C7(-) tox- and C7 (beta) tox+) and intermedius (No. 328 tox+) on one hand and C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis (ovis) strains on the other hand; DNA homology was 11-17% for C. ulcerans and 22-26% for C. pseudotuberculosis (ovis), the thermostability of heteroduplexes being at the lowest level (delta T50 was -11 degrees C to -13 degrees C). As a result, C. diphtheriae, classified by Bergey as a single species, was found to comprise 5 species detected by means of marking in accordance with their phenotypical features and genome structure, carried out by the method of DNA/DNA molecular hybridization; among these species were group I, II and III strains of cultivar gravis, strain C7 of cultivar mitis and strain No. 328 of cultivar intermedius. C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis (ovis) strains investigated in this study can possibly be placed outside the genus including 5 C. diphtheriae species.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Taxonomy of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and related taxa, with recognition of Corynebacterium ulcerans sp. nov. nom. rev.

Levels of genomic DNA relatedness were determined using a S1 nuclease procedure for reference bacteria identified as biotypes of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, biovars of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, and 'Corynebacterium ulcerans'. These results showed that the three species are separate taxa at the genomospecies level whereas biotypes and biovars are closely related genomically within each species. Phylogenetic analyses of small-subunit rDNA sequences revealed that 'Corynebacterium ulcerans' forms a tight cluster with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis within the robust branch that groups all Corynebacterium sequenced to date. Therefore, we propose that the species incertae sedis 'C. ulcerans' should be conclusively recognized as a distinct species within the genus Corynebacterium with strain CCUG 2708 = NCTC 7910 as type strain. This species is characterized by urease production and fermentation of glycogen.

Base Composition↗
PubMed1993

Adherence of Corynebacterium urealyticum (CDC group D2) and Corynebacterium jeikeium to intravascular and urinary catheters.

The ability of Corynebacterium urealyticum, Corynebacterium jeikeium and other control strains to adhere to two intravascular catheters (polyvinyl chloride and Teflon) and one urinary catheter (Teflon-coated rubber) was studied. Results demonstrated that the Corynebacterium species adhered to all catheter materials in greater numbers than a control strain of Micrococcus luteus (p < 0.001). There was not a clear difference in the ability of the strains of Corynebacterium jeikeium and Corynebacterium urealyticum to adhere to the catheters tested, so that differences other than this property could explain their different pathogenicity for humans.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1988

Identification of Corynebacterium jeikeium and Corynebacterium CDC group D2 with the API 20 Strep system.

A total of 170 strains of Corynebacterium jeikeium and 23 strains of Corynebacterium group D2 were examined in three British laboratories using the API 20 Strep identification system and three supplementary tests (catalase production, urease production and nitrate reduction). The isolates were collected from clinical specimens in various laboratories over a three-year period. The two species produced consistent reactions in these tests after 24 h. Two tests were highly discriminatory, with positive reactions for ribose fermentation seen for Corynebacterium jeikeium while urease production was observed with Corynebacterium group D2. This method allows routine clinical laboratories to rapidly identify these emerging pathogens.

Corynebacterium↗
PubMed1990

In vitro susceptibility of Corynebacterium group D2 and Corynebacterium jeikeium to twelve antibiotics.

The in vitro susceptibility of 83 Corynebacterium group D2 strains and 44 Corynebacterium jeikeium strains to 12 antimicrobial agents was determined by an agar dilution technique using Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with Tween 80 (0.025%). All strains of Corynebacterium group D2 were highly sensitive to fusidic acid, pristinamycin, teicoplanin and vancomycin (geometric mean MICs 0.047, 0.048, 0.338 and 0.396 mg/l respectively). Most of the strains were resistant to other antibiotics tested (ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, lincomycin, rifampin and tetracycline). However, a few strains were highly sensitive (MICs less than or equal to 0.2 mg/l). The overall pattern of susceptibility of 44 strains of Corynebacterium jeikeium was similar; the geometric mean MICs of fusidic acid, pristinamycin, vancomycin and teicoplanin were 0.234, 0.235, 0.557 and 0.652 mg/l respectively.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Corynebacterium group D2 ("Corynebacterium urealyticum") constitutes a new genomic species.

Twenty-one Corynebacterium group D2 ("C. urealyticum") strains were found to constitute a tight DNA hybridization group distinct from named Corynebacterium species. The strains of Corynebacterium group D2 had cell wall component type IV, short chain mycolic acids and G+C content of DNA of 65-66 mol %. Corynebacterium group D2 constitutes a genomic species which can be identified by phenotypic tests.

Base Composition↗
PubMed1993

Taxonomic study of Corynebacterium Group ANF-1 strains: Proposal of Corynebacterium afermentans sp. nov. containing the subspecies C. afermentans subsp. afermentans subsp. nov. and C. afermentans subsp. lipophilum subsp. nov.

We have determined the cell wall composition, guanine-plus-cytosine (G+C) contents of the DNA, rRNA gene restriction patterns, and the levels of DNA-DNA relatedness of 11 strains identified biochemically as Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Corynebacterium group absolute nonfermenter 1 (Corynebacterium group ANF-1). For seven of these strains, growth is abundant on 5% sheep blood agar, which differentiates them from the four other strains, whose growth requires a lipid supplement such as Tween 80. Two of the lipid-requiring strains produced mucoid colonies on 1% Tween 80-supplemented sheep blood agar. All strains possess cell wall component type IV, short-chain mycolic acids, and G+C contents of DNA of 66 to 68 mol% as determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. DNA-relatedness experiments by an S1 nuclease procedure showed that nine of these strains, including two of the lipid-requiring strains, constitute a new genomic species less than 40% related to Corynebacterium species and other coryneform groups. The lipid-requiring strain T18502 exhibited 98% DNA relatedness with another lipid-requiring strain, T88593 (difference in thermal denaturation midpoint [delta Tm] = 2 degrees C) and 71 to 77% similarity with the nonlipophilic strains (delta Tm range of from to 5 degrees C). Conversely, the DNA relatedness between strain LCDC 88199 and the six other nonlipophilic strains ranged from 86 to 100% (delta Tm range of from 1 to 3 degrees C) and was only 73 and 76% with the lipophilic strains T18502 and T88593, respectively (delta Tm, 3 and 4 degrees C). These results indicated that these two cultural types of bacteria constitute two subspecies within the new genomic species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1977

[The Corynebacterium pyogenes infection of cattle. 2. Tenacity of Corynebacterium pyogenes].

Some common agents were tested for their effectiveness against Corynebacterium pyogenes. The pathogen proved most susceptable to Wofasteril. All germs were killed within ten minutes by a 0.005% solution. Equally good action was recorded from all the other tested agents as well (lactic acid, Lugol's solution, formalin, cupric sulphate, alcohol, and aethacridine. Other studies were conducted with the view to testing the survival capacity of Corynebacterium pyogenes in different media and storage conditions. The pathogen survived three months in routine media and mastitis secretion at room temperature. Regrowth of 38 in 50 strains took place after nine months of refrigerator storage in slanting blood agar tubes with paraffin plugs. Germs sampled from mastitis secretion and stored in a refrigerator were cultivable even after one year had elapsed. The detectability rate of Corynebacterium pyogenes did not change over months by storage of wound infection material at 12 degrees C below zero. The pathogen remained detectable five days from artificial contamination of cattle skin.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The erythromycin resistance gene of the Corynebacterium xerosis R-plasmid pTP10 also carrying chloramphenicol, kanamycin, and tetracycline resistances is capable of transposition in Corynebacterium glutamicum.

The clinical isolate Corynebacterium xerosis M82B carries the 50-kb R-plasmid pTP10 that confers resistance to the antibiotics chloramphenicol, kanamycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. A detailed restriction map of pTP10 was constructed by cloning and analyzing restriction fragments of pTP10 in Escherichia coli. The resistance determinants of pTP10 were located by studying the phenotype of the recombinant plasmids in E. coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum. Restriction patterns of fragments encoding the kanamycin and erythromycin resistances revealed striking similarity to the kanamycin resistance of transposon Tn903 and the erythromycin resistance on plasmid pNG2 from Corynebacterium diphtheriae, respectively. Expression of the resistance determinants in E. coli and C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 led to high resistance levels in both strains, with the exception of the tetracycline resistance gene, which could be expressed only in C. glutamicum. Furthermore, the erythromycin resistance gene was found to be located on a transposable element which is functional in C. glutamicum strains.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1994

Incidence and characteristics of urinary tract infections caused by Corynebacterium urealyticum (Corynebacterium group D2).

The incidence and characteristics of urinary tract infections caused by Corynebacterium urealyticum were studied prospectively in 20,766 urine samples. Corynebacterium urealyticum was isolated from 67 samples (0.32%). Twenty-four percent of the patients from whom Corynebacterium urealyticum was isolated showed mild symptoms and had no risk factors other than prolonged hospitalization and previous antibiotic treatment. Sixty percent of the patients had urinary tract-related symptoms. The main risk factors were underlying urinary tract disease, antibiotic treatment, prolonged hospitalization and urological manipulation. Patients with antimicrobial treatment had a favourable clinical course, with the exception of two patients with encrusted cystitis.

Adult↗