Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Contraceptive Implants”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Clinical experience with implant contraception.

Subdermal implants of polysiloxane (Silastic) capsules containing a number of synthetic progestagens have been studied in clinical trials to determine their contraceptive effectiveness and acceptability. The steroids studied include norgestrienone (R2010), gestrigone (R2323), megestrol acetate, d-norgestrel, norethindrone, ST-1435, lynestrenol and R-1364. With some of these steroids, studies have been undertaken with a varying number of implanted capsules. The estimated duration of use varies from 6 months to 6 years depending on dose and release rate of the individual steroid. The results of these studies involving about 5000 women in 8 years, indicate in general a high rate of effectiveness, as well as acceptability. Continuation rates at one year were generally 80% or greater. Abnormal bleeding patterns are the major disadvantage. Studies with implatns containing a combination of estrogen and progestogen are being undertaken in an attempt to improve the bleeding pattern.

Contraceptive Agents, Female↗
PubMed1992

Serum lipids, blood pressure, body weight, and serum chemistry in women using subcutaneous contraceptive implants releasing the progestin ST 1435.

OBJECTIVE: To study the changes in serum lipids, serum chemistry, blood pressure, and body weight in long-term users of subcutaneous contraceptive implants releasing the progestin ST 1435. METHODS: The study was done in the outpatient clinic of the City Maternity Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. Subdermal implants releasing the progestin ST 1435 were inserted in 30 women for 2 years of use. Healthy women aged 19-35 used the implants for contraception. Measurements of body weight and blood pressure were made and blood samples for lipid analysis (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides) and serum chemistry were taken before insertion of the implants and every 6 months thereafter until removal. Results are reported for 30 subjects after 6 months of use, 25 subjects after 12 months, 13 after 18 months, and 12 after 24 months. RESULTS: Blood pressure and serum chemistry, ie, liver enzymes and electrolytes, remained unchanged. Slight weight gain occurred, but was not statistically significant. No statistically significant changes were found in lipids or lipid ratios when comparing the values during use of the implant with the pre-treatment values. CONCLUSIONS: The progestin ST 1435, used parenterally for contraception or progestin therapy, had no adverse effects on serum lipids, blood pressure, or body weight, which are known to be risk factors for coronary artery disease. The steroid had no effects on serum chemistry determinations in long-term use.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Injectable and implantable contraceptives.

In December 1990, the Food and Drug Administration approved Norplant (Wyeth-Ayerst, Radnor, PA) for general US use. This approval comes during a time period when the number of contraceptors relying on sterilization has risen, echoing known dissatisfaction with other reversible methods. During the past year, data have been presented that refute concern that Norplant may be an abortifacient. Continued estradiol production with development of follicles and ovulation in regularly menstruating women was documented. Ovulatory dysfunction among Norplant users, despite follicular development, was also detailed. Changes in carbohydrate metabolism were confirmed to be clinically insignificant. International development of biodegradable and non-biodegradable implants and 1, 3, or 6 months injectables continues. These injectable and implantable contraceptives promise diversity in contraceptive options to match diversity in contraceptive need and life style.

Capsules↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characteristics and attitudes of early contraceptive implant acceptors in Texas.

In 1991, shortly after Norplant became available in the United States, 678 women who had received the implant from 17 providers in Texas were surveyed. Forty-five percent of these women were under 21 years old. The majority (56%) had tried the implant because they were dissatisfied with their previous contraceptive method. Forty-four percent of the sample indicated that the implant was one of the first contraceptive methods they had used and that they had only recently decided to prevent unplanned pregnancy. The average number of children per woman was 1.2, and one-third of the sample had had at least one abortion. While 37% of the women said they wanted no more children, 63% said they were using the implant as a spacing method. The reasons for choosing the implant and concerns about it varied according to the user's age, educational level and race or ethnic group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Long acting contraceptive implants. An analysis of menstrual bleeding patterns.

The menstrual patterns of women using subdermal implants of levonorgestrel and norgestrienone included in a double-blind clinical trial was evaluated by the method developed by the International Committee on Contraception Research. Women using Copper T200 randomly selected in the same clinics were used as controls. Both implant regimens were associated with a high frequency of reduced bleeding and norgestrel patients had also a high proportion of increased and irregular bleeding. Termination of use was associated to increased bleeding but not so much to reduced bleeding.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Pure crystalline estradiol pellet implantation for contraception.

The subcutaneous implantation of estradiol pellets was found to be a simple and effective contraceptive method with good patient acceptance and minimal untoward effects. The pellets (25 mg each) were implanted through a Kearn's trocar into the abdominal wall, 2.5 to 5 cm above and parallel to Poupart's ligament. The regimen began with four pellets, and the dose was maintained or decreased by one pellet every 6 months (four, three, two, one). A potent progestogen was utilized monthly for induction of withdrawal bleeding. Altogether, 236 patients were followed for a total of 1,060 courses in 6,360 cycles (489,02 woman-years). Two pregnancies occurred during therapy. Pearl's index was 0.37. No significant alterations occurred in body weight and blood pressure. Glucose tolerance test, standard blood profiles, and Papanicolaou smears were normal during therapy. No cases of thrombophlebitis, blurred vision, headaches, gastric symptoms, or amenorrhea-galactorrhea were observed. The suppression of ovulation was confirmed by endometrial biopsies, basal body temperature, and serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and progesterone in a selected group of patients.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1979

[Postovulatory and post-implantation inhibition of fertility--general account (author's transl)].

Latest knowledge about interception and induced menstruation is discussed. Interception (postovulatory inhibition of fertility) can be undertaken by using oestrogens, anti-oestrogens and gestagens as well as non-steroid compounds. Induced menstruation is discussed as a method of post-implantation inhibition of fertility. Induction of menstruation, that is post-implantation contraception, will be feasible by means of anti-gestagens or inhibitors ov ovarian steroid biosynthesis. While most various research efforts have been undertaken, no practicable procedure has become available as yet.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Steroid delivery systems for contraception.

Scientific disciplines not normally associated with pharmaceutical development have been employed to enhance the effectiveness and attractiveness of two approaches to steroidal contraception. The use of a bioerodible polymeric carrier for predictable systemic steroidal administration has removed the largest hurdle to the development of a subcutaneous contraceptive implant. A polymeric progesterone delivery system has provided a method for localizing hormonal contraception in the uterine cavity. Extensions of these technologies may provide two useful tools in limiting fertility in an already overcrowded world.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1992

[Contraception using a subcutaneous implant, Norplant].

The contraceptive device Norplant, not yet commercialized in Belgium, has been studied prospectively on 198 women, which were followed for up to 42 months per patient. All together, 2,643 months of use were surveyed. Norplant consists of 6 silastic capsules, liberating levonorgestrel, a synthetic progestagen. The pregnancy protection lasts for 5 years. Insertion site is the inner part of the upper arm. The Pearl Index was 0.46% women-years (only one pregnancy occurred); the continuity rate was high (86% after 1 year and 60% after 2 years). The main side effects were menstrual disturbances and abnormal intermenstrual blood loss. No other important side effects have been found. There is no absolute contra-indication to the use of Norplant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Fertility of norgestomet treated dairy heifers.

Four studies are described involving 2573 Friesian heifers treated with norgestomet and oestradiol valerate to control the ovarian cycle. All treated animals were inseminated at fixed times following treatment. In study 1 insemination 48 and/or 60 hours after treatment resulted in a non-significant greater proportion of heifers becoming pregnant than at 48 X 72 hours. Large variations in fertility among farms were recorded in field trials of norgestomet (Searle) and oestradiol valerate. In study III the effect on fertility of nutrition, weight and body condition was studied. In section IV a pregnancy rate to fixed time insemination of 66-8 per cent of 500 heifers inseminated at 48 and 60 or at 48 and 72 hours after norgestomet/oestradiol valerate treatment was obtained. Heifers in study IV were fed a balanced ration designed to provide a predicted daily liveweight gain of 0-7 kg for a 12-week period starting six weeks prior to the date of insemination. The range of fertility was from 59-0 per cent to 85-7 per cent.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Contraceptive use-effectiveness and the American adolescent.

Contraceptive use-effectiveness is significantly shaped by the contraceptors' ages, for pregnancy rates are found to be a function of age. Teenagers are more failure prone than older contracepting women, regardless of method. This higher teenage failure rate can indicate clearly the use-effectiveness of various contraceptive methods. Consequently, both user and method (whether modern or traditional) determine outcome levels of contraceptive use-effectiveness.

Abortion, Induced↗