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PubMed2000

[Clinical investigation of 0.3% levofloxacin eyedrops on the treatment of cases with acute bacterial conjunctivitis and bacterial keratitis].

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of 0.3% levofloxacin eyedrops on the treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis and bacterial keratitis. METHODS: The patients were randomly divided into treated group and control group. They were given 0.3% levofloxacin and 0.3% ofloxacin eyedrops respectively. RESULTS: From April to December in 1999, 132 cases were enrolled in the study. It showed that there was no significant difference between two drops in the cure and effective rates, but the mean cure day of keratitis in levofloxacin group was significantly shorter than that in ofloxacin group. No serious side effects occurred. CONCLUSION: Levofloxacin eyedrops was effective and safe antibiotics in treating bacterial conjunctivitis and keratitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A review of bacterial keratitis and bacterial conjunctivitis.

Bacterial keratitis is an opportunistic infection of the avascular corneal stroma, initiated by a breakdown of the epithelial barrier. Corneal abrasion with infected material, extended-wear contact lenses, eyelid disease, and disorders of the ocular surface are predominant contributing factors. Acute bacterial conjunctivitis occurs when sufficient bacteria are introduced into the fornices to overwhelm normal bacteriostatic and flushing mechanisms. Chronic conjunctivitis is associated with a constant adnexal source of bacteria and resolves when the source is successfully treated. Rapid diagnosis and treatment of bacterial keratitis are essential to limit stromal scarring and minimize visual loss.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

Treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis: 1% fusidic acid viscous drops vs. 0.3% tobramycin drops.

BACKGROUND: A frequent cause of conjunctivitis is an acute bacterial infection, presenting with mucopurulent discharge and conjunctival hyperemia. The authors compared the clinical and microbiologic efficacy, safety and acceptability of 1% fusidic acid viscous drops (Fucithalmic) with 0.3% tobramycin ophthalmic solution (Tobrex) in the treatment of suspected bacterial conjunctivitis. METHODS: Patients were recruited at 20 sites in Ontario, Saskatchewan and Alberta from October 1995 to December 1998. Patients who presented to their primary care physician with suspected bacterial conjunctivitis, as identified by conjunctival hyperemia and purulent or mucopurulent discharge, were eligible for the study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 7 days of treatment with either 1% fusidic acid (one drop applied twice daily) or 0.3% tobramycin (one to two drops applied four to six times daily). The investigators were blinded as to treatment status. Bacteriologic samples were taken from the inferior conjunctival cul-de-sac on day 0 and at the end of treatment. Signs and symptoms of conjunctivitis were assessed at baseline and after 3 and 7 days of treatment. The acceptability of treatment was assessed by having the patient or the parent or guardian complete a questionnaire on degree of compliance and ease of use after 3 and 7 days of treatment. RESULTS: Conjunctival swabs were obtained from 484 patients (410 over 9 years of age and 74 aged 2 to 9 years) to determine baseline bacteriology. Of the 484, 319 (65.9%) (63% of the older patients and 80% of those aged 2 to 9 years) had positive results of culture for bacteria. Ninety-four patients (19%) (63 [15%] of the older patients and 31 [42%] of those aged 2 to 9 years) had per-protocol pathogens as defined by quantitative bacteriology criteria. There was a direct correlation between the presence of mucopurulent discharge and the presence of per-protocol pathogens. There were no significant differences in clinical or bacteriologic efficacy between the treatment groups. Treatment compliance was similar between the treatment groups for the older patients; however, for those aged 2 to 9 years, compliance was significantly better in the fusidic acid group than in the tobramycin group (85% vs. 47%) (p < 0.001). Significantly more patients in the fusidic acid group than in the tobramycin group rated treatment as convenient or very convenient, particularly among younger patients (97% vs. 54%) (p < 0.001). INTERPRETATION: The clinical and bacteriologic efficacy of fusidic acid viscous drops combined with the convenience of a twice-daily dosage regimen establishes this antibiotic as first-line treatment for suspected acute bacterial conjunctivitis and a favourable alternative to other broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Current therapy for bacterial keratitis and bacterial conjunctivitis.

Therapy of bacterial keratitis and conjunctivitis requires that antibiotics be administered to eliminate viable bacteria. Only a limited number of ophthalmic antibiotics are commercially available. Although generally adequate for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis, the commercial preparations are believed to contain too low a concentration of antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial keratitis. Using products designed for parenteral administration, the ophthalmologist or the pharmacist formulates so-called fortified preparations containing much higher antibiotic concentrations. Because of their limited spectrum of action, two fortified preparations generally are administered concurrently. Topical application is the most effective route of antibiotic administration for treatment of bacterial keratitis. Antibiotics may also be injected periocularly, a method with risk, or intravenously, a method of uncertain efficacy.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2001

Short term oral cefixime therapy for treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis.

BACKGROUND: There have been few controlled studies evaluating treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis beyond the newborn period. Topical therapy of bacterial conjunctivitis achieves a clinical cure but does not prevent acute otitis media (AOM). OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare systemic antibiotic therapy (cefixime) with topical therapy with polymyxin-bacitracin for treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis with regard to clinical and bacteriologic cure and prevention of AOM. METHODS: This study was a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial of polymyxin-bacitracin ointment and oral placebo vs. topical placebo and oral cefixime in children with presumed acute bacterial conjunctivitis. Topical therapy was administered for 7 days; oral therapy was administered for 3 days. Bacterial cultures were obtained at entry and on Day 3 of treatment. Children were examined on Days 3 and 10 or if they worsened within 15 days of entry. RESULTS: Eighty children were enrolled in the study. Bacterial cultures of the conjunctiva were positive in 70% of children: Haemophilus influenzae (53.7%); Streptococcus pneumoniae (13.8%); H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae (1.2%); and Moraxella catarrhalis (1.3%). There were 7 (17.5%) bacteriologic failures among children receiving topical antibiotic and oral placebo and 15 (37.5%) bacteriologic failures among children receiving topical placebo and oral cefixime (P = 0.07 with Yates correction). There was no difference between study groups with regard to either clinical cure or the development of AOM. Nine children (11%), 5 who received active topical therapy and 4 who received active oral drug, developed AOM either during or within 15 days of study entry. CONCLUSION: Cefixime was not more effective than topical polymyxin-bacitracin in either the eradication of conjunctival colonization with respiratory pathogens or the prevention of AOM in children with acute bacterial conjunctivitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

Antibiotics for acute bacterial conjunctivitis.

BACKGROUND: There are concerns regarding whether antibiotic therapy confers significant benefit in the treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review is to assess the benefit and harm of antibiotic therapy in the management of acute bacterial conjunctivitis. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group specialised register, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register - Central, MEDLINE and the reference lists of identified trial reports. We used the Science Citation Index to look for articles that cited the relevant studies, and we contacted investigators and pharmaceutical companies for information about additional trials. The most recent searches were carried out in September 1998. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included double masked randomised controlled trials in which any form of antibiotic treatment had been compared with placebo in the management of acute bacterial conjunctivitis. This included topical, systemic and combination (for example, antibiotics and steroids) antibiotic usage. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: One reviewer extracted data and the accuracy was checked by a second reviewer. Relative risks were summarised. We tested for heterogeneity between studies. MAIN RESULTS: Six published trials were identified of which three fulfilled the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this review. One trial was single masked and therefore excluded. A second report, when translated, was found to have no placebo group and was therefore excluded. One trial is currently 'awaiting assessment'. This has been published in abstract form and has yet to be fully reported. All the trials thus far identified appear to have been conducted on a selected specialist care patient population. The trials were heterogeneous in terms of their inclusion and exclusion criteria, the nature of the intervention, and the outcome measures assessed. Meta-analysis indicates that acute bacterial conjunctivitis is frequently a self-limiting condition, as clinical remission (cure or significant improvement) occurred by days two to five in 64% (95% confidence interval (CI) 57% to 71%) of those treated with placebo. Treatment with antibiotics was, however, associated with significantly better rates of clinical remission (days two to five: relative risk (RR) 1.31 95% CI 1.11 to 1.55, NNT=5) with a suggestion that this benefit was maintained for late clinical remission (days six to 10: RR 1.27 95% CI 1.00 to 1.61, NNT=5). Antibiotic treatment was associated with rates of microbiological remission (pathogen eradication or reduction). No serious outcomes were reported in either the active or placebo arms of these trials, indicating that important sight-threatening complications are an infrequent occurrence. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Acute bacterial conjunctivitis is frequently a self-limiting condition but the use of antibiotics is associated with significantly improved rates of early clinical remission and early and late microbiological remission. Since trials to-date have been conducted in selected specialist care patient populations these results may not necessarily be generalisable to a primary care based population. A trial based in primary care designed to assess the cost-effectiveness of commonly prescribed antibiotic(s) versus placebo in acute bacterial conjunctivitis is warranted.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

Topical antibiotics for acute bacterial conjunctivitis: a systematic review.

There has been uncertainty about whether antibiotic therapy confers significant benefit in the treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of antibiotic therapy in the management of acute bacterial conjunctivitis. Using standard Cochrane search methods, we identified double-blind randomised controlled trials in which any form of antibiotic treatment (topical, systemic or combination) had been compared with placebo in the management of acute bacterial conjunctivitis. Data extraction and analysis followed a pre-defined protocol. Meta-analysis was performed to obtain summary measures of relative risk. Six published trials were identified, of which three fulfilled the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this review. The trials were heterogeneous in terms of their inclusion and exclusion criteria, the nature of the intervention, and the outcome measures assessed. Meta-analysis indicates that acute bacterial conjunctivitis is frequently a self-limiting condition, as clinical remission occurred by days 2 to 5 in 64% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 57-71) of those treated with placebo. Treatment with antibiotics was, however, associated with significantly better rates of clinical remission (days 2 to 5: relative risk (RR) = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.11-1.55), with a suggestion that this benefit was maintained for late clinical remission (days 6 to 10: RR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.00-1.61). Acute bacterial conjunctivitis is frequently a self-limiting condition but the use of antibiotics is associated with significantly improved rates of early clinical remission, and early and late microbiological remission. Since trials to date have been conducted in selected specialist care patient populations, generalisation of these results to a primary care-based population should be undertaken with a degree of caution.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

[Reproducible model of a bacterial conjunctivitis].

To test the efficiency of antimicrobial substances on bacterial conjunctivitis under standardized conditions a reproducible model is needed. As there are no data in the literature concerning this topic we have developed a model of bacterial conjunctivitis in the rabbit eye. Instillation of a suspension of Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus epidermidis or Staphylococcus aureus into the cul-de-sac did not result in any effect. Thus, standardized techniques of conjunctival incision were used additionally. A follow-up was done for a period of 2 weeks (degree of conjunctival hyperemia, microbiology). Radial incision of the conjunctiva with injection of an S. aureus suspension (50 microliters of ATCC 29213; 1.35 x 10(8) cells) was done mimicking a branch injury. This resulted in a purulent conjunctivitis over a period of 1 week and disappeared within 14 days. The swabs were negative on day 7. This is the first model establishing a reproducible purulent conjunctivitis in the rabbit. Using this model antimicrobial substances may be tested under standardized conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Antimicrobial sensitivity of Haemophilus influenzae isolates from bacterial conjunctivitis.

Haemophilus influenzae is one of the common bacterial pathogens which affect children. Resistance to frequently used antibiotics is becoming a significant problem in community isolates of common pathogens. A retrospective review was conducted of the serotypes and antimicrobial sensitivity of H influenzae isolates from bacterial conjunctivitis, over an 18-month period. Data on antimicrobial sensitivity (obtained by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards disk diffusion method) and beta-lactamase production, and typing results, were analysed. Ninety-nine isolates were recovered, of which 87 were typed. Most isolates were recovered from children under one year of age. Ninety-three percent were unencapsulated and biotypes I and IV were most common. H influenzae type b was recovered only twice. beta-lactamase was produced by 41% isolates while four isolates were ampicillin-resistant but did not produce beta-lactamase. All isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol and 45% were co-trimoxazole sensitive. H influenzae is commonly isolated from bacterial conjunctivitis in Barbados and, as elsewhere, the majority of isolates are from small children and are non-encapsulated. However, there is a high prevalence of beta-lactamase production, which may serve as a reservoir for transfer to more invasive encapsulated strains of H influenzae within the oropharyngeal flora.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Topical lomefloxacin twice daily compared with fucidic acid in acute bacterial conjunctivitis.

Forty-five patients with presumed acute bacterial conjunctivitis were treated in an investigator-masked randomized multicenter study with either lomefloxacin 0.3% or fucidic acid 1% eye drops twice daily. Clinical signs and symptoms were rated by slit-lamp examination and conjunctival swab cultures were performed to evaluate clinical and microbiological efficacy. A total of 57 ocular isolates were tested for susceptibility to nine antibiotics. A significant decrease in clinical symptomatology was achieved by both treatments with a gradual improvement over the treatment period of 7-9 days. Bacteriological recovery was frequently achieved already at the first control visit (day 3-5), but the recovery rate was statistically significant (p = 0.014) only in the lomefloxacin group. The relatively high in vitro resistance rate (46%) to fucidic acid was not reflected by lower clinical efficacy. Two unrelated adverse events (one in each treatment group) and minimal local intolerance problems were observed in both treatment groups. A significantly higher incidence of burning sensation was observed with fucidic acid than with lomefloxacin (p < 0.01). All four treatment failures in the study occurred in the fucidic acid group. Lomefloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic solution demonstrated a high efficacy and good tolerance in the management of acute bacterial conjunctivitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2003

A phase III, placebo controlled clinical trial of 0.5% levofloxacin ophthalmic solution for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis.

AIM: To compare the efficacy and safety of levofloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution (Quixin) with placebo for treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. METHODS: In this prospective, randomised, placebo controlled, double masked, multicentre study, 249 patients with bacterial conjunctivitis received either 0.5% levofloxacin (n = 126) or placebo (n = 123) for 5 days, administered every 2 hours on days 1-2, then every 4 hours on days 3-5. Cultures were obtained and signs/symptoms evaluated at baseline, interim, and final visits. The end point was the last evaluable observation. Primary microbial outcomes were based on culture results; clinical outcomes were based on resolution of cardinal signs. RESULTS: 117 patients (60 levofloxacin, 57 placebo) were evaluated. Microbial eradication rates were significantly greater with levofloxacin at all time points, reaching 90% at end point. In a subgroup analysis, differences in eradication rates at end point were most pronounced in children but were also statistically significant for levofloxacin in adults. Clinical cure rates were significantly greater with levofloxacin at final visit and end point. Statistically significant differences favouring levofloxacin were measured at end point for resolution of conjunctival discharge, bulbar conjunctival injection, palpebral conjunctival injection, burning/stinging, itching, and photophobia. Adverse events were similar between groups. Safety composite scores analysed by age indicated significantly fewer children on levofloxacin experienced worsening symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Levofloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution is safe and effective for treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis with topical lomefloxacin 0.3% compared to topical ofloxacin 0.3%.

PURPOSE: The main purpose of this prospective study was to compare the efficacy, local tolerance, and safety of topical lomefloxacin 0.3% and topical ofloxacin 0.3% in the treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty patients with acute bacterial conjunctivitis were included in a randomized, prospective, parallel-group study. Twenty patients were assigned to the lomefloxacin group (Okacin, CIBA Vision Ophthalmics) and 20 patients to ofloxacin (Oflox, Allergan). Lomefloxacin 0.3% was given 1 drop every 2 hours during waking hours on the first day then twice daily for one week. Ofloxacin 0.3% eyedrops were given four times daily. All patients underwent eye examination and clinical findings were graded and recorded according to severity of lid hyperemia, lid edema, lid crusting, conjunctival edema and discharge, bulbar conjunctival hyperemia, palpebral conjunctival hyperemia, corneal edema, and ocular discomfort. The score for each clinical sign was recorded before and after treatment. The mean cumulative sum score (CSS) was obtained by adding the scores for signs and symptoms. All conjunctival swabs were cultured and tested for sensitivity. Patients with confirmed bacterial conjunctivitis were included. RESULTS: There were 10 male and 10 female patients in each group. The age range was from 1 to 78 years, and the mean age was 35 years in the lomefloxacin group. In the ofloxacin group the age range was from 1 to 70 years, and the mean age was 26 years. There was no significant difference between the two groups in relation to age or sex. The causative organisms were Staphylococcus epidermidis in 16 cases (36%), alpha-hemolytic Streptococci in 9 (20%), Haemophilus spp. 6 (13%), Staphylococcus aureus 5 (11%), Streptococcus pneumoniae 4 (9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3 (7%), and other 2 (4%). The mean CSS for conjunctivitis was 12.1 before therapy in the lomefloxacin group and 12.7 in the ofloxacin group. On the 7th day of therapy, the mean CSS was 0.7 in the lomefloxacin group, and 1.6 for ofloxacin. All patients showed improvement, but a total of 18 out of 20 (88%) in the lomefloxacin group showed complete resolution compared to 15 (75%) in the ofloxacin group. The difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.08). Tolerance was excellent in both groups, and no side effects were reported. A burning sensation was noted by two patients, one in each group. CONCLUSIONS: Lomefloxacin and ofloxacin were equally effective and safe in the treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1999

Meta-analysis of six clinical phase III studies comparing lomefloxacin 0.3% eye drops twice daily to five standard antibiotics in patients with acute bacterial conjunctivitis.

BACKGROUND: Lomefloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic solution twice daily has been compared in patients with bacterial conjunctivitis in six randomized double-blind or investigator-masked phase III studies with either chloramphenicol 0.5% 5x/day, gentamicin 0.3% 4x/day, fusidic acid 1% 2x/day, tobramycin 0.3% 4x/day or norfloxacin 0.3% 4x/day. METHODS: A meta-analysis of all individual data of these six studies was performed. A total of 582 patients with clinically diagnosed bacterial conjunctivitis were evaluated by slit-lamp examination with grading of eight key signs and symptoms and by conjunctival swab cultures at baseline, on day 3-5 and on day 7-9. Success of therapy, local tolerance and safety were evaluated at termination. In vitro sensitivity of the ocular isolates to 6-10 antibiotics was evaluated by disk diffusion tests. RESULTS: Two hundred and ninety patients treated with lomefloxacin 0.3% (LF) and 292 patients treated by one of the control antibiotics (combined control group, CCG) were enrolled in the studies. Two hundred and seventy-eight LF and 283 CCG patients were evaluable for the intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis, while 85 LF and 95 CCG patients had bacteria above the pathological threshold and formed the core subpopulation. The mean cumulative sum score in the LF group was 9. 47 on day 1, and decreased by 5.70 on day 3-5 and by 8.10 on day 7-9. In the CCG it decreased significantly less: it was 9.19 at baseline, decreased by 5.15 on day 3-5 and by 7.33 on day 7-9. Swab counts decreased in the LF and CCG group similarly, with the major decrease observed between day 1 and day 3-5. Most of the organisms considered resistant in vitro were still eradicated with the regimen used. Of the few surviving organisms also isolated on the next follow-up visit, one isolate in the LF group and seven in the CCG showed decreased in vitro sensitivity towards the treatment antibiotic used. Local tolerance was good or excellent, without any significant differences except for burning sensation, which lasted significantly longer in the CCG group than in the LF group. Adverse events were observed in 18 LF and 23 CCG patients; four LF and three CCG patients had to be withdrawn. All adverse events were non-serious. CONCLUSION: Lomefloxacin eye drops used with a loading dosage followed by a twice daily regimen proved as effective, safe and well tolerated as five established standard treatments used at a 2, 4 or 5 times daily regimen, caused less discomfort upon instillation, and showed a lower risk to generate or select new resistant strains.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

[Chloramphenicol eyedrops in acute bacterial conjunctivitis. A comparison of 2 dosage regimes in general practice].

Acute bacterial conjunctivitis is a prevalent infection in the population. Topically applied chloramphenicol has been the most frequently used treatment on this indication. The recommended dosage of 0.5% eye drops has been one drop hourly/every two hours for three days, thereafter every 4-6 hours. This dosage is not based on scientific documentation. We have conducted a clinical trial in general practice to compare the standard dosage with a simplified dose regimen. 77 patients were allocated to the regimen described above and 75 patients were instructed to use the drops four times a day. Mean duration until complete healing of all symptoms was 4.4 days (median 4; 95%-confidence interval (CI) 4-5) and 4.8 days (median 5; CI 4-5) in the two groups. The proportion of completely cured patients after nine days of treatment was 95% and 88% respectively; after four days corresponding percentages were 61% and 44% (p < 0.05). For other clinical variables the differences were small and not statistically significant. Compliance was significantly better for the simplified regimen (p < 0.001). The study indicates that the simplified dose regimen may be preferable in clinical practice.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

A comparison of ciprofloxacin and tobramycin in bacterial conjunctivitis in children.

A study was conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of topically applied ciprofloxacin ophthalmic solution in a pediatric population experiencing acute bacterial conjunctivitis. Topically applied ciprofloxacin (3 mg/mL) is known to be a safe and effective treatment for adults suffering from bacterial conjunctivitis; however, the safety and effectiveness of this broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone in pediatric patients is not well established. Ciprofloxacin was evaluated in a double-blind, randomized, controlled study of 257 patients ranging from 0 (i.e., less than 1 year) to 12 years of age from 33 geographically diverse medical centers. The children received either 0.3% ciprofloxacin ophthalmic solution (Ciloxan, Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth, TX) or tobramycin ophthalmic solution (Tobrex, Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth, TX). Both test medications were administered topically every 2 hours on days 1 and 2 followed by every 4 hours on days 3 through 7. Eyes were cultured prior to enrollment and again on day 7. Treatment efficacy as determined by microbiological culture data and physicians' judgment of overall resolution was similar for the ciprofloxacin and tobramycin groups. Microbiological eradication was observed in 90.1% of the ciprofloxacin group and 84.3% of the tobramycin group (P = 0.29). Physicians judged 87.0% of the ciprofloxacin patients and 89.9% of the tobramycin patients clinically cured on day 7 (P > 0.5). There were no serious adverse medical events attributable to either treatment. This study showed that topically applied ciprofloxacin ophthalmic solution is safe and effective in a pediatric population experiencing acute bacterial conjunctivitis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of three topical antimicrobials for acute bacterial conjunctivitis.

One hundred fifty-eight patients, 21 years of age or less, presenting with culture-positive (Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae) conjunctivitis were treated with trimethoprim-polymyxin B (TP), gentamicin sulfate (GS) or sodium sulfacetamide (SS) ophthalmic solution for 10 days. Clinical response at 3 to 6 days after start of therapy was similar for all test agents: 26 of 55 (47%) patients cured, 25 of 55 (45%) improved for TP; 28 of 57 (49%) cured, 26 of 57 (46%) improved for GS; and 19 of 46 (41%) cured, 22 of 46 (48%) improved for SS. Clinical response at 2 to 7 days after completion of therapy was also similar: 46 of 55 (84%) patients cured, 5 of 55 (9%) improved for TP; 50 of 57 (88%) cured, 5 of 57 (9%) improved for GS; and 41 of 46 (89%) cured, 2 of 46 (4%) improved for SS. Bacteriologic response at 2 to 7 days after completion of therapy was similar for all antimicrobials: 44 of 55 (83%) patients for TP; 39 of 57 (68%) for GS; and 33 of 46 (72%) for SS.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1986

Acute bacterial conjunctivitis. Bacteriology and clinical implications.

We report the results of eye culture specimens, obtained from patients under 20 years of age, submitted to the Bacteriology Department of our institution from January 1 through April 30, 1983. A total of 72 specimens were positive for one or more strains of bacteria. The most commonly isolated bacteria was Hemophilus influenzae (34 strains, 42%), followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (11 strains, 13.75%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (9 strains, 11.25%). Mean age of patients with H. influenzae (excluding a 20-year-old patient) was 15 months with standard deviation of 13 months. Chloramphenicol and tetracycline showed excellent in vitro activity against bacteria of all age groups. Tetracycline may prove to be the drug of choice for the treatment of acute conjunctivitis if comparative clinical data support its in vitro superiority.

Adolescent↗