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Results for “Computer Graphics”

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PubMed1977

Protein sequencing by computer graphics.

A computer graphics system has been used to fit a putative sequence to an electron density map of a sea snake neurotoxic protein at 2.2 A resolution. The complete sequence of this small protein could be determined from the map with very little ambiguity. In two places probable errors in the published chemical sequence were detected. This is the first instance in which a complete three-dimensional structure was solved with the use of computer graphics alone, without the construction of a physical model.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1979

A computerized tomography-computer graphics approach to stereotaxic localization.

This paper describes the use of three-dimensional computer graphics to display structures visible in computerized tomography (CT) scans and to accurately determine optimum stereotaxic probe placement relative to those structures. A prototype Lucite stereotaxic frame designed for use in CT body scanners was fitted with a phantom consisting of small Lucite spheres representing intracranial tumors with diameters of 6 to 19 mm. A series of CT scans was obtained of the frame and phantom together. Edge outlines of the spheres were extracted from each scan in the series. A three-dimensional visual representation of the spheres was obtained by displaying their outlines from all CT scans. A superimposed visual simulation of the stereotaxic frame was adjusted interactively using several analog dials in order to simulate trajectory choice and probe depth before actual surgery. The frame settings and probe depth calculated by the graphical computer were then applied to the actual prototype frame in order to assess the accuracy of this combined CT-computer graphics approach to stereotaxic localization. The results of 22 such experiments and the implications for future clinical use of this new and precise localization technique are discussed.

Brain↗

PubMed1975

Quantitative analysis of micrographs by computer graphics.

A computer-aided graphical analysis system is presented which can be used to quantify several types of information from micrographs of cross-sectioned peripheral nerves. A simple input consisting of eight points, corresponding to two diameters of each axon and two for each axon plus myelin, is used to compute statistical and numerical estimates of these diameters, the myelin thickness being expressed as a function of axon diameter, and both the spatial position and distribution of nerve fibres within the bundle. The computer programs presented and summarized here describe the procedure for digitizing the input data and the subsequent computations for editing and analysis. The general applicability of this approach for automated analyses of other anatomical areas is also presented.

Axons↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Special computer graphical method for detection of myocardial infarction.

The application of computer graphics for detection of myocardial infarction is reviewed and a special method is described. It is based on construction of two isointegral maps (Q wave map and ST segment map) realized in contour representation and using the Selvester distribution of the left ventricle.

Computer Graphics↗

PubMed1978

Computer-graphic representation of mandibular movements in three dimensions. Part I. The horizontal plane.

A computer-graphics simulation was developed to display the effects of mandibular movement patterns of both the maxillary and mandibular teeth in the occlusal plane. The many parameters affecting mandibular movement patterns may be varied selectively. The effects of these parameters on the pathways of movement described by the supporting cusps during occlusion can be graphically observed in the horizontal plane.

Art↗

PubMed1975

Computer graphics--three dimensional reconstruction of thalamic anatomy from serial sections.

This paper describes an interactive program which uses computer graphics techniques to reconstruct a three dimensional representation of thalamic anatomy from two dimensional serial secretion. Figures traced on a Rand tablet, connected to a DEC-340 display, are digitized and scaled. The three dimensional display capabilities of the Adage AGT-30 are used to present the reconstructed structures. Two dimensional cross sections of an arbitrary plane may also be displayed. The program has applications in stereotaxic surgery, teaching neuroanatomy, and may be used to reconstruct other anatomic structures from serial sections.

Computers↗

PubMed1978

Development of a method of evaluating cardiac performance using interactive computer graphics.

The authors discuss an objective method of analyzing local wall motion to detect and measure the pattern of contraction of the left ventricle using computer graphics. The method's advantages include: (a) the use of modular hardward and software, which can be extended and upgraded; (b) a minimal expenditure of time and money; (c) uniformly calculated results; and (d) a graphic and legible report.

Computers↗

PubMed1978

Structure of methemerythrin at 2.8-Angstrom resolution: computer graphics fit of an averaged electron density map.

The crystal structure of methemerythrin from Themiste dyscritum has been determined at 2.8-Angstrom resolution by single isomorphous replacement technique combined with anomalous scattering from a K2HgI4 derivative. Noncrystallographic symmetry relating the four subunits in the asymmetric unit was used to obtain an average electron density map of the hemerythrin monomer, and a computer graphics system was used to fit a polypeptide model to the electron density. The average map was of sufficient quality to locate most of the amino acid side chains and to confirm the assignment of His-25, His-54, Glu-58, His-73, His-77, His-101, Asp-106, and Tyr-109 as the iron ligands. One of the mercury sites in the heavy atom derivative is located between two Cys-9 residues related by a noncrystallographic twofold axis, although no intersubunit disulfide bond is present in the native structure. The residues responsible for the binding of the subunits to form the octamer are identified.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1976

An on-line computer graphics terminal for radiotherapy treatment planning.

A programmed graphics terminal has been connected on-line to a large time-shared computer for calculating dose distributions in radiotherapy treatment planning and provides a viable alternative to dedicated systems and batch working. The terminal equipment is based on a mini-computer and includes a function-key devise for outline input, a large-screen refresh oscilloscope for viewing results and an X-Y plotter for hard-copy. Radiotherapy dose computation programs in standard Fortran are stored and run on a large remote computer with graphical interaction at the terminal. External beam programs can calculate dose distributions for most commonly used treatment situations and can compute in off-axis planes. Data input is fully interactive and easy to understnad. Dose distributions are displayed as isodose contours. Advantages of the system include accuracy, speed, ease of use and maintenance, and transferability of the programs between different host computers.

Data Display↗

PubMed1979