Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Community Development”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

A community-developed, community-based lead poisoning prevention program: Lead Awareness North Philly Style.

This work describes a demonstration/research project to implement and evaluate community-developed, community-based strategies that address childhood lead poisoning. The project will increase knowledge of childhood lead poisoning as an environmental health risk, as well as hazard, exposure, and outcome surveillance for lead as an environmental agent. At the end of the second year of this study the data indicate increased knowledge about lead poisoning and that more children are being tested for lead poisoning in the experimental census tracts (CTs), when compared with the control CTs, with lower lead levels.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Building healthier communities for children and families: applying asset-based community development to community pediatrics.

Social capital is the power of social networks and relationships, which constitute the social environment. Social capital has been associated with many measures of health and development. Asset-based community development (ABCD) provides a framework to increase social capital and build stronger, healthier communities for children. ABCD is a strength-based approach to community building that emphasizes bringing together community assets including individual community members, voluntary associations, and institutions. How pediatricians can apply ABCD to child health is described.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Community development theory. Planning a community nursing center.

The authors describe the use of community development theory to assess the need for a community-based, nurse-managed primary care clinic. A community development model provided the framework for citizen participation in identifying collective health needs of public housing residents. The model facilitated the following: 1) planning for delivery of culturally appropriate primary care services that respond to health needs perceived by community residents; 2) ensuring acceptability and use of services; and 3) empowering residents to take responsibility for their own health. This article focuses on the assessment phase of the model and meeting the perceived needs of community residents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Community-oriented primary care: a path to community development.

Although community development and social change are not explicit goals of community-oriented primary care (COPC), they are implicit in COPC's emphasis on community organization and local participation with health professionals in the assessment of health problems. These goals are also implicit in the shared understanding of health problems' social, physical, and economic causes and in the design of COPC interventions. In the mid-1960s, a community health center in the Mississippi Delta created programs designed to move beyond narrowly focused disease-specific interventions and address some of the root causes of community morbidity and mortality. Drawing on the skills of the community itself, a selfsustaining process of health-related social change was initiated. A key program involved the provision of educational opportunities.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1993

Primary health care in support of community development.

A community development approach has been adopted in the outreach component of the work of the Alexandra Health Centre in South Africa. The importance of local township organizations has been recognized and the Centre is seen not only as providing technical solutions but also as helping people to achieve improved living conditions. This requires clear motivation, rigorous management, purposeful action by teams of health staff, and planning in conjunction with the community.

Community Health Centers↗
PubMed1996

Community development: theoretical and practical issues for community health nursing in Canada.

Despite the importance currently given to community development as an increasingly significant role for community nurses, there is little analysis of the role in the nursing literature. This paper provides background information on the historical origins of community development work through an extensive review of the literature. As well, four models of community development are synthesised from literature in sociology, social psychology, education and political science. These include economic development models, education models both formal and informal, confrontational models, and empowerment models. Each is discussed, and the relevance for community health nursing practice is critiqued. Finally, issues which may arise when community health nurses attempt to practice within a community development model are discussed. Issues are examined related to the structures of organizations in which nurses work, characteristics of nurses themselves, and the communities which nurses serve. The argument is advanced that despite the pitfalls and problems, this new role shows promise as an important mechanism for community health nurses to promote the community's health. However, much additional work will be needed to test out models for community development in actual practice. Evaluation of the role will also be important to determine the degree to which it can be implemented and the resultant health outcomes for the population.

Canada↗
PubMed2005

[Impact of snakebites in rural environment: community survey in the rural development community (DRC) of Frilguiagbe, Republic of Guinea].

An exhaustive study has been carried out in the rural development community (DRC) of Frilguiagbe, located at 115 km from Conakry in the Conakry-Kindia highway. It concerns a population of 23,442 inhabitants divided into 3,047 households. The survey was carried out at three levels:--community level;--health centres;--traditional healers. In the household survey made between 2002 and 2003, 175 snakebites cases were recorded. In health centres, only two (2) cases were recorded from 1993 to 2003. On the other hand, 80% (=140) of the cases registered in the households have consulted a traditional healer. On the whole, there were 9 deaths (5%). Such a result shows that the collect of information from the consultation registers is not appropriate to appraise the importance of envenomations in our country.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

An extraordinary role for village community development workers in diagnosing blindness in the community.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the reliability of village community development workers in screening for blindness in the community and to suggest an extraordinary role for these cadres. DESIGN: Diagnostic study. SETTING: Chivi District, Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: A simple random sample of 148 out of 886 people selected from notification forms. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values. RESULTS: The screening method employed was found to have a sensitivity of 93% (95% CI), specificity of 32% (95% CI) and a predictive value for a positive result of 75%. CONCLUSION: The use of village community development workers to screen for blindness in the community has proved to be a reliable alternative when there is shortage of both ophthalmic trained personnel and funds.

Blindness↗
PubMed2000

A survey of community gardens in upstate New York: implications for health promotion and community development.

Twenty community garden programs in upstate New York (representing 63 gardens) were surveyed to identify characteristics that may be useful to facilitate neighborhood development and health promotion. The most commonly expressed reasons for participating in gardens were access to fresh foods, to enjoy nature, and health benefits. Gardens in low-income neighborhoods (46%) were four times as likely as non low-income gardens to lead to other issues in the neighborhood being addressed; reportedly due to organizing facilitated through the community gardens. Additional research on community gardening can improve our understanding of the interaction of social and physical environments and community health, and effective strategies for empowerment, development, and health promotion.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2006

[The process of empowering community development: the experience of a community in Taipei city].

Community participation and development are the most difficult aspects of building healthy communities. They are also, however, the most essential parts of the process. It has been established that empowerment can ultimately enhance individual self-efficacy, influence organizational and social structures, and increase the sense of community and citizen's capabilities. This article demonstrates the experience of one community in Taipei City during a lengthy period of organization and development. It illustrates the different stages involved in community development and the functions of community health professionals. It seeks to provide insight into the importance of using empowerment in promoting communities' capabilities and the fact that only by developing organic communities that are rich in the energy of life can we develop sustainable communities.

Community Participation↗
PubMed1998

The Healthy Neighborhoods Project: a local health department's role in catalyzing community development.

Studies show that community development approaches to health education may lead not only to improved social, economic, and health status but also to increased individual participation in health education and preventive health care activities. However, because of categorical funding restraints and philosophical issues, local health departments have rarely given control of defining project outcomes to the community. One such project was in a low-income urban neighborhood in the San Francisco Bay Area. In this Healthy Neighborhoods Project, the health department catalyzed community development and organization in a multiethnic public housing complex. As a result, an empowered community successfully advocated to improve public safety by installing street speed humps and increased street lighting. After project completion, residents initiated several additional health actions, including the removal of a neighborhood tobacco billboard. This article describes the project, which may serve as a model for other urban public health programs to explore their role in community empowerment.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1992

A comparison between the disease status of hospitalized dogs from developed and those from developing communities.

The health status of canine populations within developed and those within developing communities was studied in a retrospective survey and compared. There were significant differences in the prevalence of disease amongst the hospitalised dogs from the 2 communities. Dogs from developing communities were mainly young cross-bred dogs which suffered from infectious diseases (44%), trauma (22%) and parasitic diseases (11%). There was a high mortality rate (30%) and 82% of these patients suffered from diseases that could have been prevented. The dogs from developed communities were mainly adult or old pure-bred dogs that suffered mainly from organ diseases (57%). There was a low mortality rate (10%) while only 31% suffered from diseases that could have been prevented. Based on the epidemiological findings, it was evident that owners of dogs in the developing communities required education in primary and secondary prevention of disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Community development in health promotion: empowerment or regulation?

Community development is a concept that currently has wide appeal in public health policy. It has become a central element of population-based health promotion strategies that purport to involve community groups in determining the form and purpose of resources for advancing the community's health. It has been variously claimed that community development empowers individuals and groups, leads to greater commitment by the community and consumers to change, strengthens community values, promotes greater local accountability in use of resources, and redresses inequalities in health. However, the meanings and implications of community development remain obscure. This paper examines the multiple and conflicting discourses of community development, and suggests that the rhetoric of community development has tended not to be matched by the reality of practice. It concludes that health promoters need to be much more critical in their assessment of the approach, and to clarify the use of basic terminology such as 'community' and 'empowerment', if their actions are to contribute to effective long-term change.

Australia↗
PubMed2001

Examining the process of community development.

AIM OF THE STUDY: To present the results of evaluation research investigating a successful community development project. RATIONALE: Many governments, health care agencies, and organizations require community participation in health care. As a result, nurses and other health professionals are often required to practice using a philosophy of community development. Although the theoretical, philosophical, and practical components of community development are well articulated, there is little evidence that exemplifies the experience of initiating and participating in a community development project. This paper provides evidence of how one organization successfully engaged the broader community on a respite care project. METHOD: Using qualitative research methods and guided by the principles and practices of participatory action research, this evaluation engaged with the community in data collection, analysis, dissemination of finding, and in promoting effective change. RESULTS: Four themes emerged that provide insight into how one HIV/AIDS organization successfully undertook community development. These themes include: (a) identifying a community need; (b) addressing the various components identified in the community development process; (c) highlighting the strategies used to engage in successful community development; and (d) attending to factors that influence community development. CONCLUSION: The results of this research contribute to the body of knowledge related to engaging in the process of community development. By highlighting the experiences of one community group, it is hoped that nurses can learn and incorporate this knowledge into practice.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2003

A community development approach to rural recruitment.

Programs designed to empower rural communities for health care provider recruitment have usually focused on the health care sector without aggressively addressing broader community development issues. The Recruitable Community Project (RCP) in West Virginia includes community education on recruiting and also assessments of and recommendations to rural communities on broad-based community development, aiming to enhance communities' recruiting potential. The project provides multidisciplinary university-based planning assistance programs for small communities, involving collaborative community visits. The project also uses a project manager as a "community encourager" who participates in community education and in the formulation of sustained community recruiting efforts. From August 1999 through August 2001, 7 underserved rural communities completed the RCP organizational processes and hosted planning assistance teams. Members of community recruitment boards gave high marks to the RCP process, its planning assistance teams, and its usefulness in establishing community ties to state and academic agencies. Since working with the RCP, the 7 communities have recruited 27 providers, success possibly stimulated by their RCP involvement (data current as of September 2002). This model of community training and development to empower rural communities to better recruit health professionals shows early promise. This model could be broadened to include more collaboration of community development and health science disciplines programs for recruitment and retention efforts.

Community Health Planning↗
PubMed1999

Community development through partnership: promoting health in an urban indigenous community in New Zealand.

Indigenous people who have been dispossessed of their lands and resources bear a disproportionate burden of health problems. Programmes aimed at improving their health status must operate within the context of colonisation history and the contemporary cultural renaissance whereby indigenous populations are asserting their rights to self-determination. Community development strategies incorporating empowerment as both means and end are consistent with the aspirations of the renaissance and reflect the principles of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. This paper describes a formative and process evaluation of a community development partnership for health promotion between a health group and an urban Maori community in New Zealand. Key issues encountered related to trust, prioritisation of health, and appropriate research paradigms. Most significant among these was trust, or more specifically, distrust among Maori engendered by historical and contemporaneous experiences of contact with Europeans. Ultimately, the partnership achieved what it set out to do when the Maori partners took over the running of their own health groups and health programme. Building upon a detailed literature review and data from the evaluation, the paper offers a list of recommended procedures for the development of partnerships, applicable to health and other domains. Recommendations encompass preparatory steps, the formation of a partnership committee, programme planning and development, and the appointment of a community-based liaison worker. A conclusion of the research and premise underpinning the recommendations is that devolution of power is a key aspect of organisational process underlying successful partnerships involving professional groups and indigenous people.

Culture↗