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PubMed2026

Fourier-transform infrared-based genome-wide association study identifies candidate genes and variants for sow colostrum composition.

Sows with high prolificacy and better lactation traits are beneficial for weaned piglet number. Because the genetic basis of sow lactation traits remains elusive, genetic improvement for lactation traits lags behind that for litter traits, constraining the full realisation of genetic potential for large litters. Here, we measured 1 060 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) wavenumbers and five predicted colostrum composition traits from sow colostrum samples. Heritability estimates for both the FTIR spectra and predicted traits ranged from moderate to high. Correlation analysis revealed that lactose percentage was negatively genetically correlated with the other four predicted traits (fat percentage, protein percentage, total solid content, and urea nitrogen content) and with 24 h litter weight, which was positively genetically correlated with both protein and total solid content. Genome-wide association studies on the FTIR spectra and predicted traits identified 134 significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (False discovery rate < 0.05), with most clustering on Sus scrofa chromosomes (SSC) 5 and 7. Among the candidate genes, two expressed in lactating mammary tissue have established roles in milk trait determination: (1) LALBA, which encodes a major colostrum protein and is responsible for lactose synthesis, and (2) BTN1A1, which mediates milk fat secretion. Additionally, the study detected two important candidate variants on SSC7: (1) rs691487382, which was colocalised with the expression quantitative trait locus signal for TRIM26 in the liver, a key metabolic organ supporting lactation, and (2) rs327923027, a missense variant located in a phylogenetically conserved domain of TRIM26, an E3 ubiquitin ligase implicated in liver homeostasis. Taken together, this study identifies, for the first time, candidate genes and variants for sow colostrum, providing genomic markers useful for genetic improvement.

Association analysis↗

PubMed2026

Bovine Colostrum-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Impair Cancer Cell Proliferation Through Transcriptional Dysregulation.

Milk-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a promising source of molecules with therapeutic potential. Bovine colostrum is particularly enriched in EVs, which carry cargo of proteins involved in immune regulation, development and cellular signalling. Some studies have explored their role as bioactive anti-cancer agents, however, their mechanistic effects remain underexplored. Here, we show that colostrum-derived EVs (Col-EVs) exert anti-proliferative effects in gastrointestinal cancer models, including cell lines and patient-derived organoids, which is independent of apoptosis induction. Using a multi-modal approach combining proteomics, imaging and functional assays, we demonstrate that Col-EVs induce a reversible growth-arrest state, characterized by widespread transcriptional and RNA-processing dysregulation, chromatin compaction, nuclear reorganization and cytoskeletal remodelling. Proteomic analyses reveal that Col-EV treatment disrupts key components of the transcriptional machinery and cell cycle regulatory pathways, effects that are reversible upon EV withdrawal and can be rescued pharmacologically using an EZH2 inhibitor. Col-EVs enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells as well to DNA-targeting chemotherapies such as 5-fluorouracil, indicating their potential as modulatory adjuvants rather than cytotoxic agents. Overall, our findings reveal that Col-EVs can reversibly suppress cancer cell proliferation by reprogramming transcriptional and nuclear architecture, offering a natural, biocompatible strategy for modulating tumour growth and sensitizing cancer cells to conventional therapies.

Extracellular Vesicles↗

PubMed2026

Genome-wide association study of patterns of perinatal exposure to polyunsaturated fatty acids from the EDEN mother-child cohort.

The genetic determinants of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status during the perinatal window require deeper understanding. We conducted a genome-wide association study of perinatal PUFA patterns in 1352 mother-child pairs from the French EDEN cohort using maternal genotype data. Five perinatal PUFA patterns had been previously derived using PUFA levels measured in maternal blood, cord blood, and colostrum simultaneously. We used linear regression models assuming additive genetic effects to assess the associations between common SNPs and each pattern, adjusting for maternal age, study center, and genetic ancestry. Pattern 1 "High omega-3 Long-chain (LC)-PUFAs, low omega-6 LC-PUFAs" was not associated with any genetic variants. Patterns 2 to 5-"Omega-6 LC-PUFAs," "Colostrum LC-PUFAs," "Omega-6 precursor (LA) and DGLA," and "LA and colostrum ALA"-were strongly associated with variants in the FADS gene cluster. The strongest association was observed between Pattern 4 "Omega-6 precursor (LA) and DGLA," and rs174546 located on FADS1 gene region (β (SE) = 0.80 (0.034), p < 10⁻102). No other robust association was found with other genes. These findings underscore the main contribution of FADS variants to the variability of four specific perinatal PUFA patterns in our cohort. This study should be replicated in larger, ancestrally diverse populations beyond individuals of European descent.

EDEN cohort↗

PubMed2026

Effects of replacing sulfate with hydroxychloride sources of trace minerals on mineral status and production performance in dairy cows.

The objectives were to determine the effects of replacing sulfate with hydroxychloride sources of Cu, Mn, and Zn on mineral status and production performance in dairy cows. One hundred forty-one Holstein cows were stratified by parity group prepartum as nulliparous (lactation 0) or parous cows (lactation >0) and, within parity, cows were blocked by genomic breeding value for ECM yield (nulliparous cows) or recently completed lactation 305-d ECM (parous cows) and then randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments. Treatments were supplemental sources of Cu, Mn, and Zn as sulfate trace minerals (STM) or hydroxychloride trace minerals (HTM). Diets were formulated to contain approximately 16, 60, and 60 mg/kg of Cu, Mn, and Zn, respectively, and treatments were fed from 246 d of gestation to 105 d of lactation. Cows were weighed twice weekly prepartum and intake of DM, milk yield, and postpartum BW were measured daily, and composition of milk was analyzed twice weekly. Blood was sampled pre- and postpartum and hepatic tissue collected at 10 (50 STM and 52 HTM cows) and at 50 d postpartum (17 STM and 18 HTM cows) and analyzed for concentrations of minerals. Treatment did not affect intake or measures of energy balance prepartum. Numerical results between parentheses are presented following the sequence of STM and HTM. Concentrations of trace minerals in serum differed between treatments only prepartum and those of Cu (1.291 vs. 1.183 ± 0.031 mg/L) and Zn (1.307 vs. 1.211 ± 0.031 mg/L) were greater for cows fed STM compared with cows fed HTM; however, the opposite response was observed for serum Mn (1.628 vs. 1.754 ± 0.038 µg/L). Treatment did not affect liver Mn or Zn concentration, but for Cu, cows fed STM had greater concentration in the liver on d 10 postpartum compared with cows fed HTM (310 vs. 296 ± 7 mg/kg DM); however, the opposite response was observed on d 50 and cows fed STM had smaller concentration of Cu in liver than those fed HTM (287 vs. 318 ± 9 mg/kg DM). Cows fed HTM produced an additional 1.0 kg colostrum than STM cows (5.21 vs. 6.22 ± 0.63 kg), thus resulting in increased yield of colostrum solids. Treatment did not affect the content or yield of IgG in colostrum. Cows fed HTM produced 1.3 kg/d more milk (41.7 vs. 43.0 ± 0.5 kg/d) and 1.5 kg/d more energy-corrected milk (42.5 vs. 44.0 ± 0.6 kg/d) in the first 15 wk of lactation compared with cows fed STM. The estimated NEL content of the postpartum diet consumed by cows, after accounting for the different energy sinks and DMI, was 3.4% greater for HTM than STM (1.68 vs. 1.74 ± 0.02 Mcal/kg). Replacing sulfate with hydroxychloride sources of Cu, Mn, and Zn had small effects on the concentrations of those minerals in tissues and improved production performance in the first 15 wk of lactation.

Animals↗