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Results for “Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Pseudo-obstruction of the colon.

Pseudo-obstruction of the colon is a rare form of diffused or segmental dilatation of the colon nonassociated with an obstructive lesion. It usually accompanies or follows other major illnesses in elderly patients. The abdominal radiographs are very helpful in differentiating this form of ileus from a chronic mechanical obstruction of the colon and in evaluating its complications. The abdominal radiographs of 14 patients with pseudo-obstruction of the colon were reviewed, and the radiographic findings associated with this condition were evaluated.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Role of intestinal microflora in colonic pseudoobstruction complicating jejunoileal bypass.

A double-blind crossover study using placebo and antibiotics effective against either aerobic or anaerobic organisms has been performed to elucidate the role of intestinal microflora in the pathogenesis of colonic pseudo-obstruction, which is now established as an important complication of jejunoileal bypass. Using strict Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI) technique, quantitative bacterial studies of the intestinal flora in the region of bypassed bowel have been correlated with symptoms of abdominal pain and distension. It has been shown that antibiotics effective against obligate anaerobes rapidly relieve the symptoms of pseudo-obstruction and this coincides with the disappearance of these organisms from this region of bowel. Symptoms rapidly recur when anaerobic organisms repopulate the bowel. It is concluded that obligate anaerobes may play a role in the pathogenesis of this complication.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1979

Colonic complications of acute pancreatitis.

Colonic complications of acute pancreatitis include "pseudo-obstruction," necrosis, hemorrhage, fistula, and ischemic colitis. With the ten cases reported in this article, there are now 75 cases reported in the literature to our knowledge. The fulminating lesions (necrosis and hemorrhage) are usually associated with pancreatic abscess and/or pseudocyst and may occur because of a direct pressure effect with secondary vascular compromise. The lesions are predominant in the transverse colon and at the splenic flexure. Because the risk factor for a colonic complication from pancreatitis is highest in those patients with inflammatory masses in the body and tail of the gland due to colon contiguity, such masses require individualized treatment, including frequent clinical examination with sequential ultrasonography, and probably early surgical intervention.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[The effect of intravenous prostaglandin F 2 alpha on the motility of the gastrointestinal tracts after major abdominal surgery (author's transl)].

TThe effect of prostaglandin F 2 alpha was studied clinically and electromyographically on the motility of the gastric antrum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and transverse colon in 20 patients by giving 2 hours intravenous drip infusion at 0.3 approximately 0.5 microgram/kg/min for 2 hours after major abdominal surgery. Folling results were obtained. 1. The motility of stomach and colon was least active than any other site of alimentary tract during 48 hours after surgery. This seems to be one of the most important causes of so called postoperative ileus. 2. Recovery from reflex inhibition of motility of the alimentary tract after surgery was seen in duodenum at first, and then in jejunum and ileum in order. It was proved that intravenous drip infusion of PGF 2 alpha at 0.3 approximately 0.5 microgram/kg/min for 2 hours had produced the increase of electrical activity in any site of gastrointestinal tract and subsequently brought about increasing of propulsive movement. The effect of PGF 2 alpha is proportional to its concentration. 4. tit was concluded that PGF 2 alpha could be administered most effectively by intravvenous drip infusion at 0.5 microgram/kg/min 3 times daily for 3 days after surgery for the satisfactory recovery from the postoperative ileus, and no appreciable side effect was observed.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1979

Intestinal pseudo-obstruction.

Intestinal pseudo-obstruction is a fairly common clinical condition. It is often asosociated with the taking of phenothiazines, tricyclic antidepressants and anti-Parkinsonian drugs, or with another disease. Treatment is conservative, unless gross colonic distension cannot be relieved or perforation is suspected. Vasopressin (Pitressin) may be a useful adjunct in management.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Chronic pseudo-obstruction secondary to side-to-side intestinal anastomosis.

An unusual late complication of side-to-side intestinal anastomosis, chronic small-bowel obstruction with massive proximal ileal dilation despite a widely patent anastomosis, occurred in a patient. The classic blind loop syndrome was not present. Several potential mechanisms are suggested, including regional absence of normal peristalsis on a mechanical basis and bacterial overgrowth. This report adds support to the concept that side-to-side intestinal anastomosis should be avoided whenever possible.

Blind Loop Syndrome↗
PubMed1979

Phenothiazine effect on gastrointestinal tract function.

Clinical evidence indicates that phenothiazines, specifically chlorpromazine (CPZ), used extensively in the treatment of patients with mental and/or neurologic disorders produce an ileus characterized by pseudoobstruction with an extended barium transit time of eight to ten days. Postoperatively, these patients have a protracted ileus, lasting from ten to fourteen days. In our present study we investigated the mechanism of action by which phenothiazines block gastrointestinal tract function as well as the possible reversal of this effect by pharmacologic agents. Guinea pigs were injected intraperitoneally with CPZ at a dose of 30 mg/kg/day for five to seventeen days. This caused deleterious effects in the gastrointestinal tract, such as cessation of peristalsis of small intestine and colon, and marked distension of the cecum. In vitro pharmacologic studies were performed on the electrically stimulated longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus of the guinea pigs. We found that phenothiazines interfered with the neuromuscular mechanism of the intestine, as exemplified by a lack of response to electrical current stimulation. The effect was protracted, lasting at least 24 hours. These effects were reversed by the administration of the anticholinesterase, physostigmine (PGM), provided the block was less than 80 per cent. The paralytic ileus produced was similar to that found in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Fatal paralytic ileus complicating phenothiazine therapy.

The occurrence of fatal paralytic ileus with peritonitis in a patient receiving phenothiazines and an antiparkinsonian agent is described. Although sporadic reports of this complication have appeared, it has not been emphasized in the literature. Only by being alert to this problem can one hope to achieve earlier diagnosis and begin prompt and appropriate treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Postoperative ileus. Measurement of the changes in intragastric pressure immediately after abdominal operations (practical deductions)].

During the post-operative period, there is no intestinal paralysis, but simply a transient disorder of motility, the duration and intensity of which are different in the stomach, small intestine and colon. The asynchronism between regularisation of motor activity of the small intestine, which is almost immediate, and that of the colon, which occurs later, is responsible for the clinical picture usually noted. In the light of these new findings, the author analyses the various factors liable to modify the course of post-operative and attempts to suggest appropriate management of the immediate post-operative period.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1979

[Prevention of paralytic ileus after colonic surgery by continuous peridural sympathetic block. Preliminary report].

Gastrointestinal atony must be considered as a reflex response to surgical intervention, due to activation of sympathetic nerves. Following colonic surgery, the duration of this response may be notably extended and the ensuing intestinal distension becomes the paramount factor of a persisting ileus. Blocking the sympathetic fibers prevents intestinal distension. Introducing appropriate catheter into the peridural space up to the level of the 10th--11th thoracic vertebra makes it possible to realize a segmental continuous block between T6--L2, where gastrointestinal sympathetic innervation actually originates. Using bupivacaine at low concentration (0.125% with epinephrine 1/400,000) reduces untoward effect on circulation and may even prove beneficial if volaemia is effective. In addition, it produces a selective block on the visceromotor fibers which allows a differential diagnosis of the ileus, without risking to pass over a perforation of the gut whenever a coexisting mechanical factor is suspected.

Autonomic Nerve Block↗