Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Clinical practice”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Statistical studies of student clinical practice. 1. Clinical practice of operative dentistry from 1983 to 1989].

Clinical practice has been assigned as a final and very important aspect of study and practice of dental education. In our university, the students are exposed the clinical practice from the latter term of fifth year. This report investigated the protocols of clinical cases from the first to the seventh class of graduates. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The graduates of first class averaged 9 clinical cases. This decreased with the years and the fourth class averaged 5.5 cases. From the sixth class simulator training and mutual practice among the students was introduced and the total average of seventh class was 5.1 cases. 2) The dental practice centers on restoration and 20 percent of all cases were amalgam fillings from the first to four the class. However this decreased from the fifth class and does not take place at present. Composite resin restorations increased. Cast restorations occupied 20 percent of all cases and the proportion hasn't changed. 3) Clinical cases of graduates of fifth class who were first to include treatment between students averaged 7 cases. Mutual treatment practice is useful because of the increase exposure to clinical practice.

Clinical Clerkship↗
PubMed1990

Beyond relationship: the current challenge in clinical practice.

Clinical social workers in health settings have used time and relationship and the understanding of individual and family dynamics, biophysiology, and larger systems issues to assist patients and families in resolving health related problems. The current economic crisis is limiting time and focus and necessitating revisions in intervention techniques. Clinicians experience this as a threat to their identity as a caring profession and to their ability to support patient autonomy within the health care environment. Effective adaptation requires a different use of self, expanded diagnostic skills, greater use of networking and systems interventions, and more sophisticated clinical techniques. Often, engagement, assessment and intervention have to occur within the same session. To accomplish this shift in practice, there has to be strong clinical leadership and a conscious focus on adapting clinical models to meet the current economic restrictions.

Continuity of Patient Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Drug flow. Good manufacturing practices, good clinical practices].

On a worldwide basis, the drug development circuit in clinical trials undergoes a general movement towards improvement which is sensitive to the degree of quality. The methods used to achieve this are found at the interface of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and Good Clinical Practices (GCP). They consist primarily of two types, for which examples are given here: strengthening of controls (verification of the resemblance of test drugs in double-blind comparison by a "jury" and computerized systems of drug accountability), improvement in "compliance with therapy at the site of investigation" (use of more "intelligent" drug packages and labels).

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1990

[Good clinical practice. Requirements for clinical documentation on the introduction of new drugs].

Good clinical practice (GCP) includes protection of the involved patients/volunteers and quality of the clinical documentation which forms the basis for registration of a preparation. During recent years, guidelines for GCP have been presented from various quarters. These describe the requirements which must be fulfilled to document the effect and safety of a new preparation. The requirements comprise involvement of the investigator and also of the monitor and sponsor and ethical committees. In this article, the contents of the guidelines are reviewed and the significance these obtain of the involved parts in the clinical development of medicinal preparations.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1987

[Immunosuppressive therapy in clinical practice].

In clinical practice immunosuppressive therapy is performed by means of glucocorticoids in most patients. In addition, some patients are given alkylating agents (cytoxan, chlorambucil) or purine analogues (azathioprine). Recently a new immunosuppressive drug, cyclosporine A, has been developed. The mechanisms of action of these four compounds are discussed, for which purpose a simple model of the immunological network is presented. The present indications for the use of cyclosporine A in clinical practice are discussed.

Alkylating Agents↗
PubMed1991

Regulation of benzodiazepine prescribing practices: clinical implications.

In an effort to control prescription abuse of benzodiazepines, the New York State Department of Health (DOH) enacted a regulation requiring the use of triplicate prescriptions for these medications. DOH predicted that this regulation would reduce the overall abuse of benzodiazepines and eliminate widescale organized fraud and abuse without any negative impact or reduced availability to patients. Following implementation of the regulation, the authors reviewed all psychiatric emergency room cases and outpatient clinic walk-in evaluations over a 3-month period in an urban medical center and identified 59 cases in which the use of benzodiazepines was a significant presenting problem. Of these, 24 (41%) were judged to be directly related to the new triplicate regulation. In all but one of these cases the patient presented because of symptoms or concerns directly stemming from the refusal by a clinician to continue prescribing a benzodiazepine in a previously established pattern. Typically, abrupt discontinuation of benzodiazepine treatment led to a withdrawal syndrome and/or the unmasking of a previously treated anxiety disorder. In attempting to redress what are essentially criminal substance abuse problems through the regulation of legitimate clinical practice, regulatory agencies may ultimately deprive patients of appropriate, legitimate, and efficacious treatments.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Hepatitis in clinical practice. 1. Hepatitis A and B.

As is evident from the foregoing discussion, hepatitis A and hepatitis B are not static, passé disease. Knowledge concerning these illnesses continues to expand at a fantastic rate--all of it of extreme practical clinical significance. Most interesting is the elucidation of the etiology of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the increase this knowledge is hoped to produce on the utilization of hepatitis B vaccine. Also extremely important is the development of recombinant DNA vaccine, which will permit total circumvention of the question of AIDS and safety of the hepatitis B vaccine.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

[Intracranial pressure monitoring in clinical practice. Report of 180 cases].

180 severe neurosurgical cases were monitored by intraventricular, epidural and subdural measurements. Intracranial infection rate was 1.1% and the intracranial hypertension rate was 83.3%. Increased intracranial pressure was most often seen in group of head injury. The outcome was poor in cases of uncontrol intracranial hypertension. It was found that intracranial pressure monitoring is useful for diagnosis, treatment and estimation of prognosis and has practical clinical value. This method and indications should be used appropriately according to the different situations. The patients with acute intracranial hypertension should be monitored intensively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Good clinical practice.

Good Clinical Practice (GCP) is a quality assurance system dealing with all stages of clinical trials which is progressively being adopted by European countries. European GCP guidelines are in preparation and will be issued soon. However, implementation of the guidelines poses major and costly problems. The training of investigators, the proper functioning of research ethics committees, the practice of obtaining written informed consent, source data verification, and quality control with internal audit and official inspections are among the most difficult issues. The obvious benefits of GCP are the improved quality of clinical trials and of data generated by such trials, as well as mutual recognition of studies conducted abroad.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical aspects of celiac disease. Comparison of 2 periods: before and after the introduction of antigliadin antibody determination in clinical practice].

The clinical aspects of coeliac disease before and after anti-gliadin antibodies (AGA) assessment in clinical practice, referring to personal experience (107 cases in the period 1976-1988) are described. AGA determination has executed by two different ELISA methods. The diagnosis of coeliac disease in the period 1976-1986 has been made according to ESPGAN criteria, while in the last two years following the recent SIP advice. After 1987 with the introduction of AGA assay, the number of diagnosis/year of coeliac disease has increased three times in respect of the period 1976-1986. We have observed a more marked increase of the late beginning forms (from 2.8 to 10 diagnosis/year) in respect of the early beginning ones (from 3.7 to 7.5 diagnosis/year) and of the atypical forms (from 0.7 to 9 diagnosis/year) in respect of the typical ones (from 5.8 to 8.5 diagnosis/year). According to these data we think that prevalence of coeliac disease in our country is probably underestimated. AGA determination is at time most effective mean to make a screening of coeliac disease in the population. According to us the largest employment of this method in the next years could take a most exact estimate of the coeliac disease prevalence in our country.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Definition of clinical pharmacy as a specialty in clinical practice. Committee on Clinical Pharmacy as a Specialty. American Pharmacy Association.

Specialty credentialing has been discussed extensively and debated within pharmacy for more than ten years. Within the profession, there now appears to be a consensus on the need for and appropriateness of acknowledging professional practice areas as unique, defined entities. However, there remain substantive differences on how the definition of specialty practice should be constructed. One approach is to identify practice areas by functional activity (e.g., nuclear pharmacy, drug information) and/or therapeutic focus (e.g., psychopharmacy, clinical pharmacokinetics). A second approach is to define clinical pharmacy as a specialty practice that would, at least initially, coalesce clinical practitioners with the common denominator of an active role in the therapeutic decision-making process. The following document was developed by the Committee on Clinical Pharmacy as a Specialty (CCPS). The CCPS is independent of any formal organizational affiliations. It will serve as the preface to a petition that will be submitted to the Board of Pharmaceutical Specialties requesting recognition of clinical pharmacy as a specialty. The intention of the committee is to resolve the question of specialty status for clinical pharmacy through the Board of Pharmaceutical Specialties' review process. It is then hoped that pharmacy can move forward on the important issue of specialty credentialing.

Certification↗
PubMed1991

European Good Laboratory and Clinical Practices: their relevance to clinical pathology laboratories.

The requirements for Good Laboratory (GLP) and Good Clinical Practices (CGP) were established as a matter of urgency by the United States in the early 1970s. These were in response to gross misconduct and, in many instances, fraud. Over the next 15 years, a plethora of regulatory principles, guidelines, and regulations was produced by many countries of the world, culminating in single standards for European, Japanese, and United States authorities. Although with regard to GLP this has basically become a worldwide recognized standard within the preclinical (toxicology) studies, in the veterinary, chemical, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries, the GCPs are now seeing a rebirth. Within a clinical trials environment, there is most certainly a requirement for compliance with GCP, especially with regard to the harmonization of data within the European Community. The goal of this article is to cover the following aspects: Why should we have good practices? Why should laboratory data be audited? Why is there a need for a QA unit or function? What is the QA operational approach? How does a laboratory audit take place within laboratories? In discussing the laboratories and their subsequent data audits, the pitfalls and benefits are addressed and an examination of the data from the sponsor's viewpoint is compared with that produced by the laboratory. The types of laboratories present in a clinical environment are examined. They obviously comprise clinical pathology, microbiology, and analytical as well as ancillary hospital areas such as X-ray and cardiology. These laboratories may also be in the private sector, the National Health Service, contract laboratories, universities, or the general practitioner population.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1988

The reliability of calculated bicarbonate in clinical practice.

Current clinical laboratory methods utilize the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to calculate plasma bicarbonate from measured pH and pCO2. This practice assumes that the apparent first dissociation constant for carbon dioxide in serum, pK'1, is invariable in clinical situations. This assumption has been questioned recently. Our study examined arterial blood samples from 50 acutely ill patients who were routinely sent for blood gas analysis. The pH and pCO2 were measured on a blood gas analyzer and the total CO2 was determined on the same blood sample using a microgasometer. The calculated pK'1 from these parameters was 6.10 +/- 0.018 (m +/- SD) with a range of 6.06 to 6.15. This amount of variability could be explained by the error in the methods. The correlation for calculated to measured total CO2 was y = 094x + 1.81, r = 0.98, p less than 0.001. These findings indicate that pK'1 is functionally fixed in clinical practice and that the methods used to calculate serum bicarbonate are acceptable.

Acid-Base Imbalance↗