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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Contributions of aerospace medicine to clinical medicine.

The contributions of aerospace medicine to clinical medicine far exceed the aggregate of the clinical applications of individual technologies which originated in aerospace medicine, important though these be. Contributions of aerospace medicine to clinical medicine will be discussed in seven categories: The raising of issues, questions, and need for systems for protection or support for man before such issues and needs were recognized by clinicians to be important or feasible; Contributing to the manpower pool of able clinical investigators through recruitment and special training in research; Providing fundamental insights into specific biologic processes of clinical significance; The recruitment of disciplines not previously involved extensively in addressing biologic problems and the creation or strengthening of hybrid disciplines such as bionics and bioengineering; Pioneering emphasis on safety, prevention and environmental health now being incorporated into clinical medicine; The development of specific research technologies which have been used to address an array of clinical problems; Specific technologies of clinical significance to which aerospace medicine has contributed, including systems for air transport of patients, many components of modern systems for patient monitoring, components of circulatory and ventillatory support systems, hypoxia warning systems, prevention of toxic exposure and treatment of toxic injury, prevention and treatment of burns, restraint systems, artificial organs, the application of models to clinical practice, and the ordering and automating of information processing.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1982

Interrelationships between clinical medicine and clinical chemistry, illustrated by the example of the German-speaking countries inthe late 19th century.

The development of Clinical Chemistry in the German-speaking countries in the second half of the 19th century is characterized by a close relationship between Clinical Medicine and Clinical Chemistry. Clinical Chemistry lost its relatively independent basis and was performed by clinicians themselves. Using examples, it is shown that the new concept of "pathological physiology" led to the adoption of clinical chemistry as an area of clinical research. As a result of this development laboratories were established in hospitals, and clinical-chemical examinations were used in clinical practice more than before. Even medicine itself, e.g., nosography was influenced by this development.

Austria↗
PubMed1994

[History of professionalization of modern clinical pharmacist (3). The birth of clinical medicine and clinical pharmacy].

At the end of eighteenth century and the beginning of the nineteenth century clinical medical and clinical pharmaceutical teaching was organized according to the reformation of the medical system in French Republic. Michel Foucault said in the book "Naissance de la clinique." -- "To all appearance, it was simply reviving, as the only possible way of salvation, the clinical trandition that had been developed in the 18-century. But it was fundamental experience, because, unlike the 18-century clinic, it is not a question of an encounter, after the event, of a previously formed experience and an ignorance to be dissipated. It is a question, in the absence of any previous structure, of a domain in which truth teaches itself, and, in exactly the same way, offers itself to the gaze of both the experienced observer and the naïve apprentice; for both, there is only one language: the hospital, in which the series of patients examined is itself a school."--(M. Foucault, 1963) Clinical pharmaceutical teaching started in the central pharmacy and in the hospital pharmacies in Paris with the rule of 4. ventose in year X. This was the birth of Clinical Pharmacy Practice as a new fundamental experience in France.

Clinical Medicine↗
PubMed1999

[Real clinical medicine and evidence-based medicine: evaluative clinical research].

BACKGROUND: The clinical view is essential in the application of a new paradigm on "evidence based medicine". Also, we hardly haven't studies that had been made with patients in real time and place. We analyzed the rate of evidence that found our clinical praxis. METHODS: A randomized observational epidemiological study was made over 689 clinical decisions in relation with 167 pathological processes, considered in 36 patients. Age (65.9, SD 2.1), sex (23 F, 13 M), comorbidity (4.6, SD 2.1), poly-pharmacy (8.8, SD 3.3). Case-mix of GRDs (infections--even HIV-, chronic respiratory affections, neurologic, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and its complications ..., in decreased order. We used the D.L. Sackett's criterium (evidence level one "experimental", level two "no experimental but convincing-rational", level three "without any scientific base". A progressive internal control was used in order to adjust the "arbitrariness in the assignation". RESULTS: 60% of the decisions provided elevated care evidence level; 24.5% in level number two, and 15.5% without any foundation. The proceedings reasonably founded were 84.5%. The pharmacological treatment had more evidence. The diagnosticum was more empiric. The primary illness and its treatment concentrated more evidence that the enclosed conditions (65% level one and 50% respectively). The prediction is still unknown (null evidence). CONCLUSIONS: More than a half of the patients were benefited of a clinical praxis, tested in effectiveness and safety. 15.5% of the decisions had an uncertain effect (favourable, newer or damaging). Nowadays, the complex clinical praxis, despite of exceeding the paradigm of "evidence based medicine", should tend toward scientific foundation as much as possible.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical medicine versus homeopathy].

Due to the advance of alternative medicine a critical synopsis by means of the comparison between scientific medicine (clinical medicine) and homeopathy is warranted. The review of studies carried out according to current scientific criteria revealed--at best--a placebo effect of homeopathy. Until now there is no proven mechanism for the mode of action of homeopathy. Sometimes so-called "alternative medicine" prevents effective curative measures. In spite of the justified criticism concerning the technical over-estimation of classical medicine, scientific research should remain the basis of clinical work.

Child↗